lead them out of the hearing of their friends, or out of sight of the village. They are possessed with a kind of indefinite fear, and indescribable dread, which, with all their efforts, they are unable, or profess themselves to be unable, to shake off. At times, they say it is the fear of meeting the paraus, or slaves, who have run away, and are living by robbery and murder in the bush, though no one was ever known to have been either robbed or murdered by them, nor does any person ever recollect to have seen one of these poor runaways. At other times, it is attributed to the dread of witchcraft, and the certainty they feel that if met by an enemy, open or secret, who possesses this power, they shall be bewitched, and their lives taken away by secret means, which the persons would not dare to do openly or by violence. Some very strange ideas exist among them with respect to accidents at sea. If a ship is lost in entering the harbour of Hokianga, it is attributed to the anger of the Taniwa, (sea monster, or god,) who has raised himself under the vessel, and overturned it. If ever a person has committed a crime, gone over any consecrated ground, touched an interdicted article, or, in the remotest way, broken a tapu, he is in the utmost terror with respect to this Taniwa, and that he cannot possibly go upon the water with out receiving some serious injury from him. or, in all probability, without losing his life; and to such an extent has this sometimes been carried, that expeditions of a very important character have been prevented from being put into execution, or have been delayed so long, as to render them futile. A belief in witchcraft almost universally prevails. With some, however, as with the tapu, it is only held for political purposes, or to serve as an excuse for an assault upon some party weaker than themselves. When a chief, his wife, or child, are taken ill, they are immediately said to be under the power of witchcraft, but the name of the person who has bewitched them is not told, till it becomes convenient to commit some act of aggression; when the reason given is, that they were the treacherous cause of the sickness or death of their friends. It is true, that sometimes there are people here who are found to assume to themselves the power of witchcraft, and to brave all the dangers attendant upon the pretended practice of it. These individuals are consulted, and engaged to cast an evil spell upon some one whom they wish to destroy. It is but rarely that they refuse to act as desired, and mumble out prayers and curses upon the intended victim. Should it happen that, about this time, sickness or death should overtake the person said to be bewitched, there is but small chance of the wizard escaping the punishment due to his guilt. Urged by the hope of worldly gain, he generally goes on for a time more recklessly than ever; but I have seldom known a man who for any length of time has professed the sin of witchcraft, die a natural deathhe has fallen by the hand of the violent man; and that destruction which he was at all times willing to bring upon others, for the sake of the reward he would receive for his evil deed, or for the revenge which he had fostered in his heart, has unexpectedly overtaken him, and struck the deadly blow, when the wizard has gone down to the grave unpitied and unavenged. MARRIAGE AND COURTSHIP OF THE LAPLANDERS. THE marriages of the Laplanders are conducted in the following manner:-The parents of a young man choose a spouse for him, and on these occasions riches are considered as the only merit. The father, followed by his near kindred, leads him, whether with his will or against it, to the tent where the young woman resides whom he has fixed on for a daughter-in-law, and begins by offering brandy to her father. If he refuses to drink, the whole is over; but if he accepts the liquor, the proposition is made, together with the price which is intended to be paid. This usually consists in so many rein-deer, and pieces of silver, &c. During this treaty, the young man is bound by decorum to remain out of the hut, where he employs himself in cleaving wood, or rendering some other service to the family of his future spouse. At length he obtains permission to offer her some of the provisions which he has brought with him. At first she declines them, as in duty bound but at length she comes out of her tent, and the young man follows her. If she then accepts his presents, it is a mark of her consent. Often the negotiation lasts during some years, because it is a settled custom that every visit which the youth makes to his expected father-in-law, he should bring brandy with him; and as the Laplanders are fond of this spirit, the father sometimes prolongs their enjoyments, by retarding those of the young folks. When going to visit his mistress, the lover amuses himself by singing verses, which he composes on his way, and which express his impatience to behold the object of his affections, especially if it happens that the choice of his parents has coincided with his own inclination. The melody is a wild strain, derived from his fancy. If the marriage does not take place, the quantity of brandy which has been drank during the negotiation must be returned in full; but if the agreement is completed, the price fixed on is immediately paid to the father of the bride. On the wedding day, the bride resists with all her might the proposed expedition to the church, and force is necessary to carry her to it. The wedding dresses are nearly the same as those for holidays. A silver crown attached to the hair, several ribbons, which flow over her shoulders and down her back, and a rose of ribbon on the bosom, are the only additional ornaments. At the return from church, the bride's father gives a repast, which is composed, in part, of provisions brought by the guests. The sonin-law lives the first year with the father of his wife, after which his own father fetches him away, with his wife and all his property, which consists mostly in a herd of rein-deer. Such are the incidents of a courtship and marriage in Lapland, where conjugal fidelity is as scrupulously observed as in any country of Europe. The Gatherer. Sympathy Extraordinary. Counsellor Grady, on a late trial in Ireland, said he recollected to have heard of a relentless judge; he was known by the name of the "hanging judge," and was never known to have shed a tear but once, and that was during the representation of the Beggar's Opera, when Macheath got a reprieve. This same judge once asked Mr. Curran, at a dinner-table, whether the dish near him was hung beef, because if it was, he would try it. Curran replied, If you try it, my lord, it is sure to be hung !" 66 Discovery of Fossil Remains. We hear from Breda that there was lately found at Ooslerwich, at the depth of six feet below the surface of the earth, the remains of one of those antediluvian animals which, it is supposed, ought to be classed with the elephant. It is said to be a mastodon. These remains, said to be petrified, are in a good state of preservation, especially the grinders, seven in number, which weigh fourteen pounds. It appears certain that one of the canine teeth must have been five feet in length. These monstrous remains are being collected with great care, and it is intended shortly to publish a description of them. Description of a Remarkable Winter Phenomenon in the Island of Cape Breton. The winter is severe at Louisbourg, the frost setting in at Christmas, and the earth being covered with snow during the season; yet the air is wholesome, and the melancholy, dreary gloom of winter is soon dispelled at the approach of the summer's sun, which succeeds without an intervening spring. What adds to the horror of the winter season, is a kind of meteor, seldom observed in other countries, which the inhabitants distinguish by the name of Poudreria. It is a species of very fine snow, which insinuates itself into every hole and corner, and even into the minutest crevices. It does not seem to fall upon the ground, but to be carried away horizontally by the violence of the wind, so that great heaps of it lie against the walls and eminences; and as it hinders a person from distinguishing even the nearest objects, or to open his eyes for fear of being hurt, it not only deprives him of sight, but almost of the power of respiration. The Secret of Preserving a Husband's scend to call in external aid; since vice can asAffections, "Virtue herself must condesume allurements, why should not truth and It is much more difficult to keep a heart innocence have also additional ornaments? than to win one. After the fatal words "for better and for worse," the general way with wives is to relax into indolence, and while they are guilty of no infidelity, they think that is enough; but they are mistaken; there is a great deal wanting. An address, a manner, a desire of pleasing; an agreeable contrast in their conduct of grave and gay-the natural temper must be forced; home must be made a place of pleasure to the husband, and the wife must throw infinite variety into her manner. In short, she must, as it were, multiply herself, and appear to him sundry different women on different occasions: this I take to be the whole mystery-the way to keep a man.' Maturity. It is in maturity, when the passions are calmed, and reason exerts her influence, that the attachments we form possess the most stability. We expect less, and pardon more. The disappointments we have experienced teach us to value what we have attained, even while regretting what we have lost. A Poetical Cobbler.-In the village of Rockford, Illinois, there lives a son of St. Crispin, an emigrant from the Isle of Man, who has painted on his sign-board the following beautiful lines-not in D'Israeli :— "Blow, O blow, ye heavenly breezes, KIRKSTALL ABBEY, YORKSHIRE. HENRY DE LACEY, in 1147, built at Bernoldswick, in Craven, a convent of Cistercian Monks, from Fountain's Abbey. They struggled there with great inconveniences five or six years, but afterwards removed to a place in Airdale, called Kirkstall, procured for them by William of Poitou: here they settled, and built a fine abbey to the honour of the Blessed Virgin, in 1152. Kirkstall Abbey is situated in a delightful valley, three miles from Leeds, at a small distance from the road leading to Bradford, on the right, and close to the north bank of the river Aire. The ruins are first seen from the top of a hill commanding a general view of the vale and village of Kirkstall, at the bottom of which a road, formerly through a gateway, leads to the abbey. The gateway is now converted into a farmhouse; this opens on the west front, which consists of a noble Saxon door, and two elegant windows curiously ornamented, the top adorned with three handsome pinnacles. To the south, and adjoining, are various ruined apartments, of which the dormitory [No. 1136. and some others yet remain covered. The inside of the church is plain, supported by massive columns with Saxon capitals, several broken by the falling of the great tower, the ruins of which choke up a large space. At the east end, as represented in our engraving, is a surprising high Gothic arch and pinnacles: the wall which supported the stanchells of this grand window are levelled with the ground. The site and demesnes of Kirkstall Abbey were granted by Henry VIII., in 1540, to Archbishop Cranmer, and afterwards passed to the family of Savile, Earl of Sussex, by an heiress of that house, to the Brudenells, Earls of Cardigan, James, the present earl, being now the owner. In the year 1778, one of the pillars which supported the north side of the great tower was observed to have given way, and the Duke of Montague is said to have had an estimate made of what was necessary to preserve this beautiful structure from ruin; but the expense being great, this design was abandoned; and in the night of the 27th of January, 1779, the tower fell, and the south side only now remains, and that in so dangerous a state as to threaten the remaining parts with destruction. W. A. D. It was well known to all the merchants in Bengal and Bombay that the routes by which the different branches of the army were to proceed were entirely destitute of anything like European comforts, and great encouragement was consequently held out to any who chose to speculate by sending their goods by water upon the rear of the advancing columns. Many of those from Bombay were successful, reaping an immense profit, goods being sold at seventy per cent. above the price which could be obtained for them in the merchants' shops at Bombay. It was customary for all merchants' boats during the navigation of the Indus, to seek the shelter and protection of an European gun-boat every night, if possible; and if that shelter could not be procured, it was customary to assemble three or four of them together, and to fasten them to the banks for a watch for the night. A boat belonging to a Parsee of Bombay had arrived within a few miles of Larkham, and night coming on, the crew imagined that as they were near the European force, they had passed all dangers; and instead of proceeding to the protection of a gun-boat, foolishly moored their boat to the bank, and after refreshment, lay down and quietly went to sleep, heedless of all danger. The consequence resulting from this imprudent conduct was, that during the night the boat was plundered of all its contents, and the whole of the crew murdered, it being an almost invariable rule here, that murder must follow robbery. On the skirts of the town, inclosed by a thick grove of palms, stands a mosque, dedicated to Kiten Azim, a chief of former times, who, after a long life spent in despoiling the Philistines, erected this edifice, and retired to it to end his days in peace. He acquired considerable sanctity by the This mosque regularity of his devotions. is similar to those of Tatta, having a dome and staircases leading out at the top. Four priests reside here, and for a con-si-dera-tion they will enter into a long rambling history of the founder, whether true or not is between Mahomet and their consciences. However, the invariable becksheesh must follow. The encampment was visited by a youth, apparently sixteen, of florid countenance, blue eyes, and light hair. He was begging; and his own tale ran, that he was a Russian, and had been made prisoner by the Uzbecks in one of their chapows when very young; that he had been employed in tending the herds of his master, in which the chief part of his wealth consists; and that he had contrived to escape from him. He had managed to reach this place from the Hindoo Koosh, but was entirely ignorant of the road leading to his own country, as he was travelling directly from it. He was relieved, as well as circumstances permitted, in clothes, money, and food, and took his departure. It is probable, however, that if he had found his way back to his own country, he would have been taken again by the Uzbecks, or some other tribe, of whom there are always plenty on the look. out for whom they can seize. After leaving Larkham, a few days' journey brought the army to a small village on the margin of the desert which divides Scinde from Beeloochistan, and which, taken at its narrowest part, is about forty-six miles. Neither tree nor shrub grows upon this arid, sandy waste; and nothing but the most dazzling whiteness surrounded us. Its monotony and tiring qualities were truly distressing. At the small village, which was occupied in the morning, the inhabitants were supplied with water drawn from two earthen wells, but so small was the quantity contained in them, that a quarter of an hour's busy application effectually emptied them. After a lapse of twelve hours, there was again a little dampness at their bottom. At these two wells, then, it was necessary the men and beasts of burden should be watered. The march across the desert, which was ordered to commence at five in the afternoon, made every one anxious to secure a drop of water; and as the wells would be refilled by three o'clock, preparations were made by each individual for procuring some. At three o'clock, therefore, the rush was made, and after a good half hour's scrambling in the liquid mud, with varied success, the men prepared themselves for their journey. About half past five in the evening, we started, and the darkness coming on before we reached the desert, many of the men had nearly lost themselves. The infantry marched about three in the afternoon, and the cavalry overtook them at two in the following morning. At that time the men were halted, and many of them so overcome, that they were lying down, and could not well rise from the ground. It must be borne in mind, that the allowance for one day's provision per man had been, for some months previous, and was so then, only halting their horses, each Beeloochee dismounted, and rapidly passing his sword through the bowels of his prisoner, chopped his rope from his hands, and mounted. When the British party arrived at this place of murder, their horses were so blown that they were unable to proceed; and after securing the camels that had been abandoned, they returned into camp. Small parties of followers, that could not keep up with the remainder, continued to come into camp during the day, many of them bearing marks of skilful sword practice of the Beeloochee while at full speed. Two men of the fourth dragoons, named Gafferey and Dixon, were attacked while on baggage guard by six Beeloochees, but they succeeded in cutting two of them down. Their companions fled, and the men came into camp victorious, one of them being wounded in the right hand. GINES OF THE TURKISH OR OSMANLI By W. Francis Ainsworth, Esq. (Continued from p. 276.) half a pound of flour, frequently unsifted, THE CLAIMS OF THE CHRISTIAN ABORIor half a pound of red rice, frequently in the husks, no spirits or biscuit. This flour, or rice, had sometimes to be thrown away, as firing was not always to be procured. Upon the order being given to resume the march, many of them declared their inability to do so, but as it was imperatively necessary that it should be completed, those who were able proceeded forward. The army arrived in camp about half-past six on the morning of the 17th March, 1839; and those stragglers who had been so fortunate as to escape the swords of the Beeloochees, and the horrors of the desert, were joining all day. About eleven in the forenoon, information was received in camp, that the baggage had been attacked by armed bands of Beeloochees while crossing, and that a number of the followers had been murdered, and the beasts they were guarding had been pillaged. A party was immediately despatched for the purpose of reinforcing the baggage guard. On arriving at the scene of the late conflict, a number of the enemy were found dead upon the ground, but their companions had succeeded in making some prisoners, and decamping with them, as well as with a few camels laden with cooking utensils. The party proceeded in the direction the enemy had taken, and after half an hour's riding, came in sight of them. Finding they could not escape with their prisoners,they bound them by the hands with one end of the heelropes, and fastening the other to the saddle, proceeded forward at a quick pace. The poor prisoners, chiefly Portuguese cooks, not being able to keep pace with the horses, were dashed to the ground, and in this manner dragged along. The party in pursuit evidently drew nearer; when suddenly THE Christian population of most of the towns and cities, and of all the villages, in Osmanli Asia, have as yet never enjoyed the advantage of a liberal education founded on the truths of the gospel. The native Greek and Armenian schools confine themselves to reading, writing, and a little arithmetic. They read from the New Testament, but the meaning and sense of the subject is seldom explained; and scholars, like the priests themselves, mumble through the holy writ without waiting to understand, or caring if they are understood by others. This evil is akin to that most faulty part of the system of Romanism, which gives the Bible to be read in a dead language, or which chants and reads prayers in the same, and also in a manner quite incomprehensible to the congregation. This irreverent slurring over of God's word is not only common to the Roman catholic, Armenians, Chaldeans, or Syrians, but also to the Armenians, strictly speaking, but called schismatic Armenians by the Roman catholics; to the Chaldeans, strictly speaking, called Nestorians by the Roman catholics; and to the Syrians, strictly speaking, called Jacobites by the Roman catholics. It was the policy of the popish church, on taking these ancient churches from the sway of their own antique and revered apostolic succession-the successors of Nestorius and St. Gregory, of men who had fought under the banners of Christianity at Jerusalem and Antioch, at Artaxata and |