disqualification, and such other rules and regulations as may be from from time to time prescribed by law.

Sect. 12. In case of disagreement between the two houses with respect to the time of adjournment, the governor shall have power to adjourn the general assembly to such a time as he thinks proper, provided it be not to a period beyond the next constitutional meeting of the same.

Sect. 13. A lieutenant governor shall be chosen at every elec tion for governor, in the same manner, continue in office for the same time, and possess the same qualifications. In voting for governor, and lieutenant governor, the electors shall distinguish whom they vote for as governor, and whom as lieutenant governor.

Sect. 14. He shall, by virtue of his office, be speaker of the senate, have a right when in committee of the whole to debate, and vote on all subjects, and whenever the senate are equally divided, to give the casting vote.

Sect. 15. Whenever the government shall be administered by the lieutenant governor, or he shall be unable to attend as speaker of the senate, the senators shall elect one of their own members as speaker for that occasion; and if, during the vacancy of the office of governor,the lieutenant-governor shall be impeached, removed from office, refuse to qualify, or resign, or die, or be absent from the state, the speaker of the senate shall in like manner administer the govern

ment.

Sect. 16. The lieutenant governor, while he acts as speaker of the senate, shall receive for his services the same compensation, which shall for the same period be allowed to the speaker of the house of representatives, and no more; and during the time he administers the government as governor, he shall receive the same compensation which the governor would have received had he been employed in the duties of his office.

Sect. 17. If the lieutenant governor shall be called upon to administer the government, and shall, while in such administration resign, die or be absent from the state during the recess of the general assembly, it shall be the duty of the secretary for the time being, to convene the senate for the purpose of choosing a speaker.

Sect. 18. In case of an impeachment of the governor, his removal from office, death, refusal to qualify, resignation or absence from the state, the lieutenant governor shall exercise all the power and authority appertaining to the office of governor, until the time pointed out by this constitution for the election of governor shall arrive, unless the general assembly shall provide by law for the election of a governor to fill such vacancy.

Sect. 19. The governor for the time being,and the judges of the supreme court, or a major part of them, together with the governor, shall be and are hereby constituted a council to revise all bills about

to be passed into laws by the general assembly; and for that purpose shall assemble themselves from time to time when the general assembly shall be convened; for which nevertheless they shall not receive any salary or consideration under any pretence whatever; and all bills which have passed the senate and house of representatives shall, before they become laws, be presented to the said council for their revisal and consideration; and if,upon such revisal and consideration,it should appear improper to the said council or a majority of them, that the bill should become a law of this state, they shall return the same, together with their objections thereto in writing to the senate or house of representatives (in whichsoever the same shall have originated) who shall enter the objections set down by the council at large in their minutes, and proceed to reconsider the said bill. But if after such reconsideration the said senate or house of representatives shall, notwithstanding the said objections, agree to pass the same by a majority of the whole number of members elected, it shall, together with the said objections, be sent to the other branch of the general assembly where it shall also be reconsidered; and if approved by a majority of all the members elected, it shall become a law. If any bill shall not be returned within ten days after it shall have been presented, the same shall be a law; unless the general assembly shall, by their adjournment,render a return of the said bill in ten days impracticable; in which case the said bill shall be returned on the first day of the meeting of the general assembly after the expiration of the said ten days, or be a law.

Sect. 20. The governor shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the senate, appoint a secretary of state, who shall keep a fair register of the official acts of the governor, and when required shall lay the same and all papers, minutes, and vouchers relative thereto, before either branch of the general assembly, and shall perform such other duties as shall be assigned him by law.

Sect. 21. The state treasurer and public printer or printers for the state, shall be appointed biennially by the joint vote of both branches of the general assembly: Provided, that during the recess of the same, the governor shall have power to fill such vacancies as may happen in either of said offices.

Sect. 22. The governor shall nominate, and by and with the ad. vice and consent of the senate, appoint all officers whose offices are established by this constitution, or shall be established by law, and whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for: Provided however,that inspectors, collectors and their deputies, surveyors of the highways, constables, jailors, and such inferior officers whose jurisdiction may be confined within the limits of the county, shall be appointed in such manner as the general assembly shall prescribe.

ARTICLE IV.

Sect. 1. The judicial power of this state shall be vested in one supreme court and such inferior courts as the general assembly shall, from time to time, ordain and establish.

Sect. 2. The supreme court shall be holden at the seat of government and shall have an appellate jurisdiction only, except in cases relating to the revenue, in cases of mandamus, and in such cases of impeachment as may be required to be tried before it.

Sect. 3. The supreme court shall consist of a chief justice and three associates, any two of whom shall form a quorum. The number of justices may however be increased by the general assembly af ter the year one thousand eight hundred and twenty-four.

Sect. 4. The justices of the supreme court and the judges of the inferior courts shall be appointed by joint ballot of both branches of the general assembly, and commissioned by the governor, and shall hold their offices during good behaviour until the end of the first session of the general assembly, which shall be begun and held after the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-four, at which time their commissions shall expire; and until the expiration of which time, the said jus tices respectively shall hold circuit courts in the several counties, in such manner and at such times, and shall have and exercise such jurisdiction as the general assembly shall by law prescribe. But ever after the aforesaid period, the justices of the supreme court shall be commissioned during good behaviour, and the justices thereof shall not hold circuit courts unless required by law.

Sect. 5. The judges of the inferior courts shall hold their offices during good behaviour, but for any reasonable cause which shall not be sufficient ground for impeachment, both the judges of the supreme and inferior courts shall be removed from office on the address of two-thirds of each branch of the general assembly: Provided always, that no member of either house of the general assembly, nor any person connected with a member by consanguinity or affinity, shall be appointed to fill the vacancy occasioned by such removal The said justices of the supreme court, during their temporary appointments, shall receive an annual salary of one thousand dollars, payable quarter yearly out of the public treasury. The judges of the inferior courts, and the justices of the supreme court who may be appointed after the end of the first session of the general assembly whice shall be begun and held after the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-four, shall have adequate and competent salaries, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.

Sect. 6. The supreme court, or a majority of the justices there of, the circuit courts or the justices thereof, shall respectively appoint their own clerks.

Sect. 7. All process, writs,and other proceeding,shall run in the name of "the people of the state of Illinois." All prosecutions shall be carried on "in the name and by the authority of the people of the state of Illinois," and conclude "against the peace and dignity of the

same."

Sect 8. A competent number of justices of the peace shall be appointed in each county in such manner as the general assembly may direct, whose time of service, power,and duties,shall be regulat ed and defined by law. And justices of the peace when so appoint ed shall be commissioned by the governor.

ARTICLE V.

Sect. 1. The militia of the state of Illinois shall consist of all free male able bodied persons, negroes, mulattoes and Indians excepted, resident in the state, between the ages of eighteen and fortyfive years, except such persons as now are or hereafter may be ex. empted by the laws of the United States, or of this state, and shall be armed,equipped and trained as the general assembly may provide by

law.

Sect. 2. No person or persons conscientiously scrupulous of bearing arms shall be compelled to do militia duty in time of peace, provided such person or persons shall pay an equivalent for such exemption.

Sect. 3. Company, battalion and regimental officers, staff offi. cers excepted, shall be elected by the persons composing their several companies, battalions and regiments.

Sect. 4. Brigadier and major generals shall be elected by the officers of their brigades and divisions respectively.

Sect. 5. All militia officers shall be commissioned by the go. vernor, and may hold their commissions during good behaviour, or until they arrive at the age of sixty years.

Sect. 6. The militia shall in all cases except treason, felony or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at musters and elections of officers, and in going to and returning from the same.

ARTICLE. VI.

Sect. 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall here. after be introduced into this state, otherwise than for the punish. ment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted; nor shall any male person arrived at the age of twenty-one years, nor female person arrived at the age of eighteen years, be held to serve any person as a servant, under any indenture hereafter made, unless such person shall enter into such indenture while in a state of per

fect freedom, and on condition of a bona fide consideration received, or to be received for their service. Nor shall any indenture of any negro or mulatto hereafter made and executed out of this state, or if made in this state. where the term of service exceeds one year, be of the least validity, except those given in cases of apprenticeship.

Sect. 2. No person bound to labor in any other state, shall be hired to labor in this state, except within the tract reserved for the salt works near Shawneetown; nor even at that place for a longer period than one year at any one time; nor shall it be allowed there after the year one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five: any violation of this article shall effect the emancipation of such person from his obligation to service.

Sect. 3. Each and every person who has been bound to service by contract or indenture in virtue of the laws of the Illinois Territory, heretofore existing, and in conformity to the provisions of the same, without fraud or collusion, shall be held to a specific performance of their contracts or indentures; and such negroes and mulattoes as have been registered in conformity with the aforesaid laws, shall serve out the time appointed by said laws: Provided however, that the children hereafter born of such persons, negroes or mulattoes, shall become free, the males at the age of twenty-one years, the females at the age of eighteen years. Each and every child born of indentured parents, shall be entered with the clerk of the county in which they reside, by their owners, within six months after the birth of said child.

ARTICLE VII.

Sect. 1. Whenever two-thirds of the general assembly shall think It necessary to alter or amend this constitution, they shall recommend to the electors at the next election of members to the general assembly to vote for or against a convention; and if it shall appear that a majority of all the citizens of the state voting for representatives have voted for a convention, the general assembly shall, at their next session, call a convention, to consist of as many members as there may be in the general assembly; to be chosen in the same manner, at the same place, and by the same electors that choose the general assembly, and which convention shall meet within three months after the said election, for the purpose of revising, altering, or amending this constitution.

ARTICLE VIII.

That the general, great, and essential principles of liberty and free government may be recognised and unalterably established, we

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