The next morning the march was resumed, and about five o'clock that afternoon a body of the enemy were overtaken, when a brisk interchange of shots between the skirmishers took place. Upon this, a body of the enemy's infantry, about five hundred in number, approached, apparently with the design of cutting off an advanced body of the Federal infantry. Several volleys were interchanged, when a charge was made by a body of regulars. The enemy's ranks were thus broken, and they retreated. The place of this skirmish was Dug Springs. The march was continued as far as Curran, twenty-six miles from Springfield, but the heat of the weather, shortness of provisions, and the fact that a strong Confederate force was posted in front, and a large division had also moved in the direction of Sarcoxie, while it was necessary that communication should be kept open to Springfield, led Gen. Lyon to determine to return to that town.

On the 5th Gen. Lyon, learning that Gen. Price, of the Confederate army (Missouri State Guards), had effected a junction with Gen. Ben. McCulloch, and that the consolidated force was within ten or twelve miles of Springfield, resolved, though aware of the hazard of the movement, as a last resource, to attack the Confederates at their camp on Wilson's Creek, nine miles from Springfield. His entire force amounted to 5,200 men, of whom one regiment, the 5th Missouri, were three-months' men, whose time had expired nine days before the battle, but who had been retained by the urgency of Col. Sigel. There were in all less than 500 cavalry, while the Confederates had over 6,000, according to Gen. Ben. McCulloch's report. He had also three batteries, comprising in all sixteen guns, all of light calibre. This force marched from Springfield at 8 P. M. on the 9th of August, intending to commence the attack at daybreak the next morning. They were in two columns, the larger consisting of three small brigades and not quite 4,000 men, under the command of Gen. Lyon himself, the brigades being severally commanded by Major Sturgis, Lieut.-Col. Andrews, and Col. Deitzler; the smaller column, of about 1,300 men and one battery of six pieces, was commanded by Col. (afterwards Maj.-Gen.) Sigel. The enemy's camp was situated along Wilson's Creek for a distance of five or six miles, and in the ravines, and on the heights west of the creek; and Gen. Lyon's plan of attack was to march his main column, which he divided into two, giving the command of one to Maj. Sturgis, in front and to the left flank of the enemy, so as to enfilade their position on the creek; while Col. Sigel with his column, taking another road from Springfield, and crossing the creek, which here assumes the form of an inverted U, lower down, should endeavor to turn their right flank. Sigel's column fell into an ambuscade, and suffered severely, losing five of his six cannon, and was thus unable to render as efficient service as had been intended. The fight was continued

in front, and on the enemy's left, with terrible effect for over six hours; the Confederates twice, in the course of the battle, came up to the Federal lines with the Union flag flying, and thus deceived the Federal troops till they could get so close as to pour a most destructive fire upon them, but they themselves fell back, when the artillery, which was served by officers and men of the regular army, was brought to bear upon them. Gen. Lyon, who was thrice wounded early in the engagement, and had had his horse killed under him, mounting another horse, led the 2d Kansas regiment, which had lost its colonel, for a charge upon the enemy; but was killed instantly by a rifle ball, which struck him in the breast. His death did not, however, throw the Federal troops into confusion, and the battle, in which Maj. Sturgis now commanded, was continued for nearly three hours longer, when the enemy were forced from their camp and the field. Finding his force too much reduced to hold the position, Maj. Sturgis gave the order to fall back on Springfield, and there resigned the command to Col. Sigel, who made a masterly retreat with the remnant of his army, his baggage trains, and $250,000 in specie, to Rolla. The loss of the Federal force in this battle was 223 killed, 721 wounded, 292 missing, mostly prisoners. The enemy's loss, according to their own account, was 517 killed, about 800 wounded, and 30 missing. Three of their generals were wounded, two of them mortally.

This battle at Wilson's Creek, in its effects, proved quite disastrous to Gens. McCulloch and Price. It not only served to check their progress, but discouraged many lukewarm sympathizers. Meanwhile the accumulation and organization of Union troops at St. Louis and other points added to the strength of Gen. Fremont, who had been ordered to the command of the Department.

In New Mexico a loss was suffered by the Union cause in the surrender of Maj. Lynde, with 750 men, on August 2d, without resistance. Again, on the 7th, the village of Hampton, two and a half miles from Fortress Monroe, having been previously evacuated by the Federal troops, was burned by a body of Virginians under the orders of Gen. Magruder. This was done to prevent its reoccupation by the Union troops. A few minutes after midnight the torch was applied. Most of the five hundred houses composing the village having been built of wood, and being very dry, were soon in flames, and a strong south wind fanned them into a terrible conflagration. The fire raged during the remainder of the night, and on the next day, at noon, only seven or eight buildings remained. Four churches were among the buildings burned. On the 28th the 7th Ohio regiment, under Col. Tyler, was surrounded at Summersville, Va., while at breakfast, and attacked on both flanks and in front simultaneously. The troops, about nine hundred strong, although surprised, fought bravely, and forced

their way through the enemy with considerable loss. No permanent advantage was gained by the Virginians, as Gen. Cox, with a larger Federal force, was stationed at Gauley's bridge.

On the other hand, an advantage was gained over the enemy at Athens, Missouri, on August 5th, by which their loss was between thirty and forty. At Potosi, in the same State, on the 9th, an affair occurred in which the enemy suffered some loss. An advantage was also gained in a small skirmish at Lovettsville, in Virginia, on the 8th; and another at Grafton on the 13th, at which the Virginians met with some loss. At Fortress Monroe, Gen. Wool, of the regular army, had taken command, and Gen. Butler had been relieved for duty elsewhere. A passport system had been adopted by the authorities at Washington under a non-intercourse proclamation issued by the President on Aug. 16th, by which no person was permitted to go to the seceding States without an official permit. On the water some movements had taken place. At Pokomoke Sound in Virginia, a number of small vessels belonging to the enemy had been destroyed, with some stores, on Aug. 2d. At Galveston in Texas, on the 3d, a few shots were fired from the blockading Schooner Dart at the batteries on the island. This was intended as a sort of reconnoissance. Again, on the 5th, the steamer North Carolina opened fire upon the same batteries, and threw some sheels into the city. A large number of persons having collected on the sand hills a little east of the batteries, a shell fell among them, killing one, and wounding three others.

A protest was made by the foreign consuls, and Capt. Alden, on the next day, sent a reply, stating the facts to have been as follows:

Early on the morning of the 3d, our gunboat found herself near the shore, and shortly after, as the result proved, within range of some of the batteries. The first warning she got was a shot-not a blank cartridge, but a shot-not fired ahead or astern of her to warn her off, but straight at her. She of course fired back, and some shots were exchanged; then she came back and reported the facts to me. This was in the morning. I waited till nearly five in the afternoon hoping explanation, some disavowal, of the act would be sent off. None came. I then got under way and stood in for the batteries, which, you are aware, are in the rear and close to the town, merely to see if they could, when they knew the town must be injured by our return fire, repeat such an act of aggression by commencing upon us. We were no sooner within range of their guns, however, than they opened their fire, when we, after exchanging a few shots, retired, preferring that it should appear that we were beaten off rather than continue a contest where, as the result shows, so many unoffending citizens must necessarily

suffer.

Again, you protest against my firing a shell into a crowd of unarmed citizens-amongst whom were many women and children. Good God! gentlemen, do you think such an act was premeditated? Besides, was it not the duty of the military commandant, who by his act in the morning had invited me to the contest, to see that all such were out of the way? Did he not have all day to prepare? It was evident to my mind they knew we were coming, or why was that

demonstration of the steamer Gen. Rusk?

In conclusion, let me add that no one can regret the

On the 13th of August, when General Wool took command at Fortress Monroe, he found that preparations had already been made for an. expedition to the North Carolina coast. Hatteras Inlet, the point of destination, was a gap in the sandy barrier which lines the coast of North Carolina, about 18 miles southwest of Cape Hatteras, and 160 miles below Fortress Monroe. Its channel was intricate, but accessible without difficulty to those who were accustomed to it, provided the weather was good. This and Ocracoke Inlet were the principal entrances to Pamlico Sound, a large body of water lying between this sandy beach and the mainland of North Carolina. Hatteras Inlet would admit vessels drawing 7 feet water, but its tortuous channel, from which all the buoys had been removed, made it difficult to enter in rough weather, without danger of grounding. On the sandy beach, commanding the inlet, the Confederate forces had erected, during the summer, two forts-the larger, named Fort Hatteras, being intended for 15 guns, though only 10 had been mounted; the smaller for 7 guns, of which 5 had been mounted. These forts were built of sand, and were 20 feet wide at top, and turfed. They had each a bombproof, the one at the larger fort capable of protecting about 400 men; that at the smaller 300. The guns were mounted en barbette (that is, on the top of the earthworks). The guns on both forts were thirty-two pounders, except one eight-inch shell gun on Fort Hatteras. Most of these particulars had been communicated to the Federal authorities about the 1st of August by Mr. Daniel Campbell, master of the schooner Lydia Frances, which had been wrecked about the 1st of May on the coast near Hatteras Inlet, who had been detained as a prisoner at the inlet for three months. The expedition intended for the capture of these forts consisted of the United States steamers Minnesota, Capt. Van Brune; Wabash, Capt. Mercer; Monticello, Commander Gillis; Pawnee, Commander Rowan, and Harriet Lane, Capt. Faunce; the U. S. chartered steamers Adelaide, Commander Stellwagen, and George Peabody, Lieut. Leroy, and the steamtug Fanny as transports, together with schooners towed by the steamers having surf-boats on them. The steam-frigate Susquehanna and the sailing frigate Cumberland were ordered also to join the expedition. The naval portion of the expedition was under the command of Commodore S. H. Stringham, whose broad pennant was hoisted on the Minnesota. To this naval force was added a body of about 880 troops, consisting of 500 of the

20th Regiment N. Y. Volunteers, under command of Col. Max Weber; 220 of the 9th N. Y. Volunteers, (Hawkins' Zouaves,) under command of Col. R. O. Hawkins; 100 of the Union Coast Guard, Capt. Nixon commanding, and 60 of the 2d U. S. Artillery, Lieut. Larned commanding, who were embarked on the transports George Peabody and Adelaide, and were under the command of Maj.-General Benj. F. Butler. The expedition left Fortress Monroe on the afternoon of Monday, Aug. 26th, and arrived off Hatteras Inlet about 4 o'clock P. M., Tuesday. At daylight the next morning arrangements were made for landing the troops, and for an attack upon the forts by the fleet. The swell upon the beach was so heavy that after landing 315 men, including the regular troops and 55 marines, with two guns, one a 12-pound rifled boat gun, the other a howitzer of the same calibre, the boats were stove and swamped, and no more could be landed that day. Meantime the fleet had opened fire on the smaller fort, which was nearest the inlet, and continued it till about half-past 1 P. M., when both forts hauled down their flags, and the garrison of the smaller escaped to the larger. A small detachment of the troops already landed immediately proceeded to take possession_of Fort Clark, and raised the Union flag. The fleet ceased firing, and the Monticello was sent in to the inlet to discover what the hauling down of the flags meant. She entered and proceeded within about 600 yards of Fort Hatteras, when the occupants of that fort commenced firing upon her, and inflicted serious injury to her hull; whereupon the Wabash, Susquehanna, and Minnesota came to her assistance, and the Confederates took themselves to their bomb-proof, and ceased firing. The little force which had landed now withdrew from Fort Clark to a safer position, where they threw up a slight intrenchment, and mounted their two cannon on it, together with one they had taken from the enemy. The General and the force on board the fleet felt much anxiety in regard to this little company, as it was supposed that the Confederates, who were known to have a considerable body of troops on board steamers in the Sound, would be largely reenforced in the night, and would take them prisoners. At 7 o'clock next morning, however, the Union troops were seen advancing in good order upon Fort Clark, and it appeared that Capt. Nixon of the coastguard with his company had occupied that fort during the night, and had hoisted the Stars and Stripes there. As a reënforcement from the fleet approached the shore, they heard firing, which they afterwards found proceeded from the temporary battery erected by the Union troops, and was directed at the Confederate steamer Winslow, which had come down the sound loaded with reenforcements, but which, on meeting with this reception, made the best of its way out of range. The fleet renewed its fire upon Fort Hatteras at a little past 8 o'clock, and, sub

FORT HATTERAS, Aug. 29th, 1861. Flag-officer Samuel Barron, C. S. Navy, offers to surrender Fort Hatteras with all the arms and munitions of war. The officers allowed to go out with side-arms, and the men without arms to retire. S. BARRON,

Commanding Naval Division, Va. and N. Car. Accompanying this was a verbal communication stating that he had in the fort six hundred and fifteen men, and a thousand more within an hour's call, but that he was anxious to spare the effusion of blood. Gen. Butler sent in reply the following memorandum :

Aug. 29th, 1861. Army, commanding, in reply to the communication of Benjamin F. Butler, Major-General United States Samuel Barron, commanding forces at Fort Hatteras, cannot admit the terms proposed. The terms offered are these: Full capitulation, the officers and men to missible. Commanding officers to meet on board flagbe treated as prisoners of war. No other terms adship Minnesota to arrange details.

After waiting three-fourths of an hour, Lieut. Crosby returned, bringing with him Capt. Barron, Major Andrews, and Col. Martin, the who informed Gen. Butler that they had accommanding officers of the Confederate force, cepted the terms of capitulation he had proposed, and had come to surrender themselves and their command prisoners of war. General Butler informed them that, as the expedition was a combined one from the army and navy, the surrender must be made on board the flagship and to Com. Stringham, as well as himself. The party then proceeded to the flagship Minnesota, and the following articles of capitulation were there signed:

OFF HATTERAS INLET, U.S. FLAGSHIP MINNESOTA,
Aug. 29th,

1861. Articles of Capitulation between Flag-officer Stringham, commanding the Atlantic Blockading Squadron, and Benjamin F. Butler, U. S. Army, commanding on behalf of the Government, and Samuel Barron, comCarolina and Virginia, and Col. Martin, commanding manding the naval force for the defence of North the forces, and Major Andrews, commanding the same

forces at Hatteras.

parties, that the forces under command of the said It is stipulated and agreed between the contracting Barron, Martin, and Andrews, and all munitions of war, arms, men, and property under the command of said Barron, Martin, and Andrews, be unconditionally surrendered to the Government of the United States in terms of full capitulation.

parties, on the part of the United States Government, And it is stipulated and agreed by the contracting that the officers and men shall receive the treatment due to prisoners of war.

In witness whereof, we, the said Stringham and Barron, Martin, and Andrews, representing the forces Butler, on behalf of the United States, and the said at Hatteras Inlet, hereunto interchangeably set our

hands, this twenty-ninth day of August, A. D. 1861, and of the independence of the United States the eighty-fifth year. S. H. STRINGHAM, Flag-Officer Atlantic Blockading Squadron. BENJAMIN F. BUTLER, Major-General U. S. A., Commanding. S. BARRON, Flag-Officer C. S. N., Com'g Naval Forces Va. & N. C. WILLIAM F. MARTIN, Col. Seventh Light Infantry N. C. Volunteers. W. L. G. ANDREWS, Major Com'g Forts Hatteras and Clark. The results of this capitulation were the capture of 715 men, including the commander, Com. Barron, who was at the time Acting Secretary of the Navy of the Confederate States, and Major Bradford, Chief of the Ordnance Department of the Confederate States army, 2 forts, 1,000 stand of arms, 75 kegs of powder, 5 stand of colors, 31 pieces of cannon, including one 10-inch columbiad, a brig loaded with cotton, a sloop loaded with provisions and

stores, 2 light boats, 150 bags of coffee, &c. The forts were held and garrisoned by U. S. troops, and the Fanny and Monticello retained at the inlet to keep off the Confederate gunboats, and capture vessels attempting to run the blockade. On the 30th Sept. a fortification called Fort Oregon at Ocracoke Inlet, about 15 miles below Hatteras Inlet, was abandoned by the Confederate forces, and on the 16th of September an expedition from Hatteras Inlet visited and destroyed it. On the 7th of September, four Confederate vessels, and on the 8th a fifth, attempted to enter Hatteras Inlet, and were all captured by the steam-tug Fanny. On the 2d of October the Fanny was captured by a party of Confederates in armed steam-tugs; her two brass cannon and 35 men belonging to the 9th N. Y. volunteers (Hawkins' Zouaves) were taken, and a considerable quantity of stores.

A CAMPAIGN was now commenced by the enemy in Western Virginia. Gen. Henry A. Wise was at Lewisburg, the capital of Greenbrier County, organizing his brigade for an advance down the Kanawha valley, when Gen. Floyd (ex-Secretary of War) arrived with three regiments of infantry and a battalion of cavalry. After a consultation with Gen. Wise, whom he outranked, he resumed his march westward. At Tyree's, on the west side of Sewall Mountain, he was first met by the Union pickets, who were driven back upon their command with a loss of four killed and seven wounded. At Locust Lane he was overtaken by Gen. Wise, and the two commands advanced to Dogwood Gap at the intersection of the Summerville road with the turnpike from Lewisburg to Charleston. The main body of the Union force was stationed at Hawk's Nest, on New River, seven miles east of Gauley bridge, ander Gen. Cox, with outposts at Cross Lanes and Carnifax ferry. Leaving at Dogwood Gap posted two pieces of artillery to keep open his line if a flank movement should be attempted from Carnifax ferry, Gen. Floyd advanced to Pickett's Mills. Here learning that his rear was threatened by the Union troops at Carnifax ferry and Cross Lanes, he left Gen. Wise to hold the turnpike, and moved at once upon Carnifax ferry to attack the Federal troops supposed to be there. He arrived at noon, but the Federal troops were at Hawk's Nest. On attempting to cross the river with his force, the boat was capsized and drawn over the rapids. His infantry and a small

portion of his cavalry had crossed, but the mass of the cavalry and four pieces of artillery were still on the eastern side of the river. With great efforts another boat was prepared in a day and the transportation completed. Meanwhile Col. Tyler advanced from Hawk's Nest, but arrived too late to gain an advantage over Floyd, whose forces were now concentrated. On the contrary, the regiment was surprised by Gen. Floyd while at breakfast on the 26th of August, and with difficulty escaped capture.

Gen. Floyd then proceeded to strengthen his position and to bring up supplies for his men. Meanwhile Gen. Rosecrans, on Sept. 10th, advanced to attack the enemy; and about three o'clock in the afternoon he sent forward Gen. Benham, with his brigade, to make a reconnoissance in force. They were soon engaged with the enemy, and after a severe action were about being reenforced, when, from the great difficulties of the position rendering night fighting almost impossible, Gen. Rosecrans ordered his men to form in order of battle and rest upon their arms, intending to renew the attack in the morning. During the night Gen. Floyd and his force withdrew across the Gauley, leaving their camp, baggage, small arms, and munitions of war, and burning the bridge which he had constructed, and the ferry boats. Being unable to effect a crossing of the river, Gen. Rosecrans could not pursue them, but took a few prisoners. The Federal loss was, according to official report, 15 killed and 80 wounded; that of the Confederates was less, as they were protected by the forest and their fortifications.

Meanwhile Gen. Wise had marched down to Big Creek in Fayette County, where a slight skirmish took place with some Union troops. Gen. Floyd, on retreating from Carnifax ferry, went to the summit of Big Sewell Mountain, having been joined on his way by Gen. Wise. Here a consultation was held, and it was decided to retreat to Meadow Bluff as a position which guarded all the approaches to Lewisburg and the railroad. Gen. Wise, however, refused to retreat, and proceeded to fortify his position, which he called Camp Defiance. Meanwhile Gen. Rosecrans advanced to Tyree's, a public house on the turnpike road in Fayette County. Such was the position of the enemy's forces in the Kanawha valley when Gen. Robert E. Lee arrived and took command. After the defeat of Garnett and his forces on July 14th, by Gen. McClellan, Gen. Lee was ordered to succeed him, and with as little delay as possible to repair to the scene of operations. He took with him such reënforcements that on joining the remnant of Gen. Garnett's command, his force was about sixteen thousand men. His plan was to dislodge the forces of Gen. Rosecrans from Cheat Mountain, and thus relieve northwestern Virginia. In August he arrived in the neighborhood of the mountain on the Staunton and Parkersburg turnpike, and found Gen. Reynolds in command of the forces under Gen. Rosecrans, who, since the removal of Gen. McClellan to Washington, was in chief command in northwestern Virginia.

The aim of Gen. Lee on perceiving the strength of Gen. Reynolds, was to dislodge him by strategic movements, and capture his forces. With this object he cautiously moved along the road leading from Huntersville to Huttonsville in Randolph County, and, reaching Valley Mountain, halted to arrange his plans for attacking a body of Union troops stationed about eight miles below on Tygert's Valley River, and about five thousand strong. Thence he moved over the spurs of the mountains, and with great difficulty succeeded in getting below this body of Union troops, and at the same time placed a force east and west of them. Meantime fifteen hundred men of the forces of Gen. H. R. Jackson, under Col. Rust, of Arkansas, advanced from Greenbrier River around another position of the Union troops at Cheat Mountain pass, ten miles distant from the former Union force, for the purpose of an attack. This attack was to be the signal for Gen. Lee to attack the force on Tygert's Valley River. But Col. Rust finding the position so well prepared for defence, concluded that the attack could not be made with any hope of success, and ordered a retreat. No signal was thus given to Lee, and no attack therefore made by his forces, which retreated back to Valley Moun tain without firing a gun. The attack of Col. Rust was designed merely to hold the force at Cheat Mountain Pass while the contest took place on the Valley river. Probably the attack

of Lee would have been successful if it had been made without regard to the retreat of Rust, and would have resulted in giving him control for a time of that portion of West Virginia.

Lee now determined to move to the Kanawha Valley to relieve Gens. Floyd and Wise. Gen. Rosecrans was already on his march thither to oppose Floyd. All their forces were thus concentrated under Lee at Wise's position on Big Sewell Mountain, amounting nearly to twenty thousand men. The position was strengthened by a breastwork extending four miles. Meanwhile Gen. Rosecrans, who had approached within view of the enemy's position, where he remained some days prepared to receive an attack, concluding that it was not likely to be made, and that the enemy's position was too strong for him to assail successfully, quietly withdrew to his former position on the Gauley River, thirty-two miles distant. The reasons given by the enemy for not following, were the muddy roads, swollen streams, and the weakness of his artillery horses.

Meanwhile, on Oct. 2d, Gen. Reynolds, with about 5,000 men, left his camp at Cheat Mountain to make an armed reconnoissance of the forces of the enemy encamped on Greenbrier River and in the neighborhood. He reached the enemy's camp shortly after daylight, drove in the pickets, and his advanced regiments approached to within 700 yards of the intrenchments, and opened fire. A battle followed, of about four hours' duration. The Confederate force at the camp were driven from their guns, three of which were disabled; their reserve came up after the action had continued about two hours, and, thus reënforced, they maintained their position behind their breastworks, but did not sally out to attack the Federal troops. Gen. Reynolds, finding his ammunition exhausted, and having accomplished his purpose, withdrew in order, without being pursued, and returned the same night to his camp. Federal loss was 8 killed and 32 wounded. The Confederate loss was inuch larger, and was estimated by Gen. Reynolds as at least 300. Gen. Reynolds brought away 13 prisoners. The enemy state that their loss did not exceed fifty, and estimated that of Gen. Reynolds between two hundred and fifty and three hundred.

The

On the approach of winter Gen. Lee was ordered to take charge of the coast defences of South Carolina and Georgia; Gen. Wise was ordered to Richmond, and the forces were all withdrawn by the authorities at Richmond, except those under Gen. Floyd, and a force of 1,200 men on the Alleghany Mountain. On December 13th this force, at Camp Alleghany, was attacked by Gen. Milroy.

The Union troops consisted of portions of the 9th and 13th Indiana, the 25th and 32d Ohio, and the 2d Virginia, numbering in all 1,750 men. The Confederate force was under the command of Gerf. Johnson, of Georgia, and was estimated at 2,000. The action commenced