died in 1399, is "un lit petit pur un closet de blanc tartaryn &c." Nichols's Royal Wills, p. 182. See also Roquefort, Gloss, de la Langue Romane: Tartaire, sorte d'etoffe de Tartarie. TECHE, Sax. to teach. Ch. Prol. ver. 310. TEN COMMANDMENTS, alteration of, by Papists. See the Illustr. p. 264 So in the Liber Festivalis, printed by Caxton in 1488; the second commandment is, that thou take not in vain the holy name of God; and the original tenth is divided into the ninth and tenth. same corruption is observable in The richt way to the kingdome of hevine is techit heir in the x- comandis of God, &c. Prentit at Mal mw [in Sweden] be me Jhone Hochstraten the xvi day of Oct. MDXXxiij." The shameful omission of the original second commandment, common indeed in countries under Papal influence, can be attributed only to the absolute prohibition of image-worship which it pronounces.

The

TENE, Sax. affliction, trouble Ch. F. L. ver. 389.

THEOPHRASTE. See Th. Anim. p. 62.

Tло, Sax. used as a demonstrative pronoun. Ch.

F. L. ver. 71. Those.

THO, then. Gow. B. Pref. p. 139.

THRIE, THRIES, Sax. thrice. Ch. Prol. ver. 63,

564. Usually written thries in Gower.

twies, i. e. twice.

So

THROW, Sax. time. A little throw, a little while.

Ch. F. L. ver. 190.

THRYSTCOCK, the thrush. Ch. S. P. II. ver. 24.

So, in the Rime of Sir Thopas.

The throstel cok made eke his lay,
The wode dove upon the spray

He sang ful loude and clere.

To, in composition with verbs, is generally, as Mr. Tyrwhitt has observed, augmentative; and is frequently so employed by our poets from Chaucer to Milton. Sometimes the adverb all is added. To-brent, were very hot. Ch. F. L. ver. 358. To-tere, entirely destroy, F. L. ver.

488.

TOFORE, Sax. before. Gow. Illustr. p. 165. TRACE, Fr. a track, or path. a track, or path. Ch. Prol. ver.

176.

TRAMISSENE, a kingdom in Africa. Ch. Prol. ver. 57.

TRAPPED, decorated. Ch. F. L. ver. 262. Used in this sense by Spenser.

TRAPPOURES, the cloths with which horses were covered at tournaments. Ch. F. L. ver. 244. As in the Canterb. Tales, ver. 2501. ed. Tyrwhitt. "Testeres and trappures," among a variety of harneis, or armour, both useful and ornamental, for man and horse. The word is now trappings. Barb. Lat. trappatura. TREPEGETT. See Th. Anim. p. 47.

TWINNE, Sax. to depart from a place.

Ch. Prol.

ver. 837. Such is the explanation and etymology here given by Mr. Tyrwhitt. Mr. Chalmers finds the word in the sense of to part or

separate, in R. of Brunne; but does not deliver his own opinion as to its Saxon origin. No illustration of this kind occurs in Lye's Sax. and Goth. Dict. I find the word explained by Ritson also, to separate or part. Gloss. Metr. Rom. It is there written twyn,

Brunne twynne.

as in R. of

TYKELNESSE, uncertainty, unsteadiness. Ch. Illustr. p. 131. So, in the Canterb. Tales, ver. 3428. This world is now ful tikel sikerly.

V.

VALERY. See Th. Anim. p. 62.

VAVASOUR, Ch. Prol. ver. 362. See the note, Illustr. p. 251.

VENERIE, Fr. hunting. Ch. Prol. ver. 166. If the word, Mr. Tyrwhitt says, had in Chaucer's time borne any other sense, he would hardly have put it in the mouth of Emilia, Canterb. Tales, ver. 2310. The relation "of dedes of armes and of veneri," (i. e. hunting, the chace,) forms a part of Arthur's feast in the ancient romance of Ywaine and Gawin... VERDITE, Fr. judgement, sentence. Ch. Prol. ver. 789.

VERNICLE, Ch. Prol. ver. 687. The diminutive

of Veronike. Fr. A copy in miniature of the

picture of Christ, which is supposed to have been miraculously imprinted upon a handkerchief, preserved in the church of St. Peter at Rome. Du Cange, in V. Veronica. Madox, Form. Angl. p. 421. Testam. Joh. de Nevill. an. 1386. Item Domino Archiepiscopo Eborum fratri meo i. vestimentum rubeum de velvet cum le veronike (r. veronike) in granis rosarum desuper brondata (r. broudata). It was usual for persons returning from pilgrimages to bring with them certain tokens of the several places which they had visited; and therefore the Pardoner, who is just arrived from Rome, is represented, with a vernicle sewed upon his cappe. See P. Pl. Vis. fol. 28. b.

An hundred samples on hys hatte sette,

Sygnes of Sinay and shelles of Calice, [f. Galice,]
And many a crouch on his cloke and kayes of Rome,
And the Vernicle before, for men should knowe

And se by bys signes, whom he sought hadde.
Such is Mr. Tyrwhitt's illustration.

"Th. Anim. p. 49.

See also

VERTUOUS, Fr. active, efficacious. Ch. Prol. ver.

251.

VIGILE, Fr. the eve of a festival. Ch. Prol. ver. 379.

VILANIE, Fr. any thing unbecoming a gentleman. Ch. Prol. ver. 70. Baseness, impropriety, Prol. 742. See Roquefort, Gloss, de la Langue

Rom. in V." Injure, outrage, insulte, mauvais traitement, affront." Rom. de la Rose:

Si mauldie et excommenie

Tous ceus qui aiment vilenie,

Vilainie le vilain fait, &c.

U.

U or V, for où. Gow F. P. p. 103, &c. Common in old French. See Gloss. Fabliaux, &c. edit. Meon, vol. i. 464. "U: ou, vel; où, ubi." Mr. Warton, however, chose to alter the ancient word in Gower.

UNCONNING, Sax. ignorant. Ch. F. L. ver. 591.

So used in the Canterb. Tales, ver. 2395. ed. Tyrwhitt.

UNDERFONGETH, Sax. seizes, takes. Gow. Illustr." p. 165.

UNDERGROWE, undergrown, of a low stature. Ch. Prol. ver. 156.

UNNETH, Sax. scarcely. Ch. F. L. ver. 46, 208. 5 UNPEYSED, Fr. unweighed, unpoized. Gow. Illustr. p. 140. So Chaucer uses peise or paise for weigh, Tr. and Cr. lib. iii. ver. 1412. ed. Urr.

And paised wo with joyis counterpaise.

Ur, Sax. up on lond. Ch. Prol. ver. 704.