Globalization: Myth, Miracle, MirageUniversity Press of America, 2005 - 249 頁 Despite its daily appearance in the media, official pronouncements, and publications of all sorts, globalization is a poorly defined concept. Globalization is usually defined in economic and financial terms such as foreign investments, trade, income flows, industrial development, employment, and the production of value added. Yet cultural, political, demographic, and other forces that receive less attention, because they are beset with difficulties of precise definition and measurement, also drive globalization. Because it is nearly impossible to weigh all the various components of the globalization process at once, this study limits its focus to three major questions. First, what have the different national industries contributed to the globalization process, and how has this affected the rankings of both actively and passively participating national economies? Second, considering the trillions of dollars spent on foreign direct investments as a main driver of the world's economic integration, how significant have these investments been to the world's output of products and services, commonly measured in terms of gross domestic product? Finally, what are the political implications of America's recently developed neo-conservative doctrine of the new world order or the New American Century on globalization's future? |
內容
The Background of Globalization | 1 |
THE SIZE AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY | 3 |
NATIONAL OWNERSHIP OF THE GLOBAL MARKET | 6 |
CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS | 9 |
OECDA Surrogate Global Economy | 14 |
ECONOMIC MARKET DENOMINATORS | 15 |
THE ECONOMIC PROFILE OF OECD | 18 |
19 | |
IIb The Role of Trade in Affiliate Business | 127 |
IIc A Comparative Trade Profile for US Outward and Inward FDI | 131 |
IId The Global Scope of FDI Trade | 132 |
III FDIRELATED TRADE OF FRANCE | 133 |
IIIb Trade Connected with French Outward FDI | 136 |
SUMMARY | 138 |
National BOP Flows of FDIRelated Income | 141 |
DEVELOPMENT OF BOP INVESTMENT INCOME FLOWS IN OECD COUNTRIES | 144 |
C OECD in World Trade | 21 |
Foreign Direct InvestmentA Fundamental Globalization Strategy | 23 |
FDI CAPITAL FLOWS | 27 |
FDI POSITIONS | 31 |
NET FDI POSITIONSINDICATORS OF RELATIVE GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS | 34 |
OECDS DISTRIBUTION OF FDI POSITIONS BY MEMBER COUNTRY | 38 |
FDI POSITIONS OF MAJOR OECD INDUSTRIES | 41 |
The Economic Dimensions of US Outward FDI | 44 |
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MAJORITYOWNED AFFILIATE GROSS PRODUCT | 45 |
THE ROLE OF US OUTWARD FDI FOR THE GENERATION OF OECD GDP | 50 |
US FDI SHARE IN INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT OF OECD COUNTRIES | 51 |
US OUTWARD FDI COMPARED TO THE US ECONOMY | 55 |
CONCLUSIONS | 58 |
FDI Impact on National Economies | 61 |
Inward FDIs Role in US Industry | 64 |
The Profile of Inward FDI by Nationality and Industrial Sector | 70 |
US Parent Organizations in the US Economy | 76 |
II FRANCE | 81 |
III GERMANY | 89 |
Foreign Share in Germanys Industry | 92 |
Germanys Share in OECD Industries | 94 |
Foreign Direct Investments Role in the US Balance of Payments | 98 |
FDI AND THE US BALANCE OF TRADE | 99 |
FDI AND THE US BALANCE OF SERVICES | 104 |
FDI AND THE US CAPITAL ACCOUNT | 107 |
CONCLUSIONS | 110 |
Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Trade | 113 |
I US TRADE ASSOCIATED WITH OUTWARD FDI | 115 |
Ib US FDIAssociated Imports from Outward Affiliates and Others | 119 |
Ic The Role of US Trade in Affiliate Business Operations | 122 |
II US TRADE ASSOCIATED WITH INWARD FDI | 124 |
GLOBAL INCOME FLOWS FROM FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS | 148 |
FDI INCOME FLOWS | 149 |
FDI INCOMES ROLE IN TOTAL BOP INCOME FLOWS | 156 |
THE NET FLOW EFFECT OF FDI INCOME BY COUNTRY | 158 |
FDI and Globalization | 164 |
I US FDI AS THE CORNERSTONE OF GLOBAL FDI | 166 |
B US Inward FDI | 168 |
II IMF INFORMATION | 169 |
B FDI Position and GDP | 170 |
III GLOBAL FDI AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE | 172 |
NATIONAL CONTROL OVER THE GLOBAL ECONOMY AND TRADE VIA FDI | 176 |
MIRAGE STATISTICS | 180 |
Evaluating Globalization | 185 |
FREE TRADE INVESTMENT AND GLOBALIZATION | 186 |
ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN | 190 |
INCREASED INDUSTRIAL CAPACITY CREDITS AND DEBTS | 193 |
NEW TECHNOLOGIES | 199 |
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES | 201 |
WORLD TRADE | 202 |
GOVERNMENT EXPANSION | 204 |
DEFLATION | 205 |
CONCLUSION | 206 |
Globalization in Conflict | 211 |
THE NEW AMERICAN CENTURY | 212 |
APPENDICES | 225 |
Exhibits and Tables | 227 |
INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION IN US FDI BENCHMARK SURVEYS | 230 |
Glossary | 237 |
243 | |
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常見字詞
abroad actual American assets Benchmark Survey billion Bush Doctrine capital control capital flows competitive country's currency debt developing nations dollar domestic employee employment enterprises estimates Europe European exchange rates factors FDI activities FDI affiliates FDI companies FDI data FDI position FDI stock FDI-related FDI's foreign affiliates Foreign Direct Investment foreign trade France French fund flows Germany global economy global FDI global GDP Gross Domestic Product gross product growth imports industries inflows interest investors Iraq Japan lead macro-economic manufacturing measured ment merchandise exports Mofa N/A N/A national economies nomic OECD outflows output of GDP overall political reinvested earnings role sector share in global SOCB Sources statistics subsidiaries Table tion Total U.S. trade deficits trillion U.S. dollar U.S. economy U.S. exports U.S. FDI U.S. merchandise U.S. outward FDI U.S. parents U.S. trade UNCTAD volume world economy