to Zealand), and the pains his Swedish majesty took to inform his people that this re-embarkation took place by virtue of a separate article of his convention with Great Britain, gave the first indications of a secret understanding at the expence of Denmark. These in. dications were very soon increased. The Danish government is not ac, quainted with the extent of the assistance which its enemy received in the ports of Sweden; but it has felt the consequences of that assistance in a manner the most lamentable to itself. It is easy to conceive the impression which has been produced upon the Danish nation by the relations of every kind, and the uninterrupted com. munications which the English found no difficulty in maintaining with Sweden. No one could fail to remark how much Denmark was insulted by the pleasure which the king of Sweden appeared to take in repairing to the coast opposite to the Sound, and beholding personally all the injustice and out. rage committed against a neigh. bouring country; by the caresses and numberless marks of distinc. tion lavished upon the leaders of the English forces; by the honours which they, on their part, affected to render to the ally of their sovereign; and by the demonstrations of respect towards his Swedish ma jesty, to which the ships of war, violently seized from the port of Copenhagen, were not bound, on their passage along the Sound, under the cannon even of that for. tress to which their salute was owing. However unfavourable an aspect the concurrence of these circumstances necessarily casts up the dispositions of the king of Sweden towards the government of Denmark, that government cannot reproach itself with having gratui tously exaggerated those appearances, which the court of Stockholm, far from attempting to remove, wished to produce, nourish, and strengthen, as far as it was in its power. But these simple appearances were soon succeeded by facts. The government of England was the first to develope to Denmark the openly hostile disposition of his Swedish majesty. Europe already knows the explanations occasioned between Denmark and Sweden by this denunciation. The king of Sweden, when called upon in the most frank and friendly manner to declare himself on this subject, was seen to endeavour eluding the necessity of such a declaration; and when he was at length closely pressed, his majesty gave an answer oblique, equivocal, and insulting. Nevertheless, as this answer appeared in some measure to give the lie to the government of England, the government of Denmark was contented with it for the moment, and thought it becoming to dissi mulate its just resentments against Sweden, in the hope that, enlight. ened concerning her true interests, and reflecting on the consequences of her resolutions, she would at last end by yielding to the repre sentations which the court of St. Petersburgh had made, with as much tenderness as patience, in order to engage her to renounce her alliance with Great Britain, evidently become incompatible with the tranquillity of the North, and especially with the security of Denmark. The Danish government is but imperfectly acquainted with the nature and extent of the engagements gagements which Sweden has en. tered into with England; whatever may be the object of them, and whatever their tendency, no one can better conceive or appreciate than itself the repugnance which his Swedish majesty would feel in failing in any of the obligations he had contracted. But the cabinet of Copenhagen is not uninformed that the Swedish government itself has admitted, that the term of its engagements recently expired; and after the cabinet of St. James's had unmasked itself in the face of all Europe, it would have been insult ing the court of Stockholm to sup. pose that it would dare to concur in an attack upon the first bases of the security, prosperity, and dignity of the powers of the north. These considerations could not be balanced by the trifling advantage of subsidies, with which the cabinet of London shews itself ready at all times to purchase its allies, and whom it pretends to have then the right of treating as mercenaries, The resolutions of the king of Sweden having, however, frustrated the last hopes of his neighbours, the government of Denmark could no longer hesitate, on its part, to take those measures which its secu. rity, the general interest of the north, its attachment to Russia, and the nature of its engagements with that power, imperiously pre. scribe to it. At a moment when Zealand is threatened anew by the forces of England, to which the ports of Sweden serve as a point of re-union; when the enemy of the north has just assured himself of the dependence of the court of Stockholm upon him for fresh pe. cuniary assistance; when the public declarations of the English ministry sufficiently unfold the nature of the engagements still subsisting or re newed between the two allies, the Danish government deems it right to prefer a state of open hostility to precarious and equivocal rela tions towards an enemy whose dis position is become more and more suspicious, and who, during a long period, could be considered only as a disguised enemy, His majesty the king of Denmark declares con sequently, that he adopts altogether the resolutions of Russia in respect to Sweden, and that he will not separate his cause from that of the emperor Alexander, his august and faithful ally. Declaration of the King of Prussia against Sweden, dated Konigs, berg, March 6, 1808. HIS majesty the king of Prussia, our most gracious sovereign, has been solicited by both imperial courts of Paris and St. Petersburgh, consistently with the system of the other powers of the continent, and the declaration against England, to extend the same measures against Sweden, which have been taken against England, on account of her fresh alliance with that power. In imitation of the declaration issued by the emperor of Russia on the 10th (22) of February, in this year, his majesty has accordingly broken off all relations with Sweden, and commands all in office under him, under the penalty, of severe punishment, to restrain from all community or intercourse what ever with Sweden. In pursuance of this, from the present moment, and till farther orders, all Prussian harbours shall be utterly closed U 3 against against Swedish vessels; Prussian vessels shall no longer be sent into Sweden, neither shall Swedish or neutral ships, or wares which came from Sweden, be admitted into Prussian harbours. Answer of Sweden to the Danish Declaration of War. Dated Stockholm, March 21, 1808. THE HE court of Denmark had made an alliance with France, was prepared to receive French troops in its country, collected transport vessels in its port, fitted out all its ships in the road of Co penhagen, to cover a French expedition against Sweden, and then issued a declaration of war. Den mark accused Sweden of being the cause of this rupture, because she did not make her compliments of condolence on the loss of her fleet, because she would not co-operate to avenge that humiliation, and especially because she sought aid from England against such an aggression. The relations of the king with his neighbouring power were those of a simple peace. There was neither alliance, nor any convention whatever which traced out for the two courts any common course for their political conduct; therefore, when Sweden, Russia, and Prussia fought in conjunction against France, Denmark, under the shade of her neutrality, appeared the friend of all. The king witnessing this system, and con. vinced by some explanations, demanded in the course of the year 1806, of the impossibility of ob. aining a change favourable to Sweden, could not entertain a hope that the naval force of Denmark The could ever be useful to him; on the contrary, after the peace of Tilsit, he had every reason to fear that, by the suggestions of Russia and France, it might be one day turned against him. His majesty, therefore, thought it proper to observe a profound silence relative to the events which passed in his vi cinity last autumn, leaving to England and futurity to justify them. It is due to truth, however, to declare, that the court of London did not invite Sweden to take part in this expedition, nor confided it to her till the moment of its being carried into execution. Therefore, not the least movement was made in Sweden on this occasion. English fleet arrived and departed without entering into any port of Sweden; and the auxiliary troops, embarked in Pomerania, were re stored in virtue of a separate article in the convention concluded at London, relative to this object, on the 17th of June, 1807, when cer. tainly there was as yet no reference to this expedition, The following is the article:" It is fully understood, that, in case that unforeseen circumstances should render im practicable the object of this couvention, or that his Britannic majesty should find it necessary to withdraw the said troops (the Ger man legion) from Swedish Pomerania, the stipulation of this convention shall in no manner prevent his Britannic majesty from giving such orders as he may judge proper with respect to the ulterior dispo. sition of these troops which are now placed under the orders of his Swedish majesty."-The court of London has since fully justified, this enterprize, and the experience of every day justifies it. rous rous French armies remained in Lower Saxony and over-awed the north. There were still nations to subjugate, ports to shut, and forces to direct against England. They were to penetrate at any rate: they would have acted in any case and under any pretence that might have offered. At present. it is the expedition against the Danish fleet which is the rallying word of the whole league. What is remarkable is, that the Danish government, al. ready beset by French troops, overpowered, impelled, and even paid by France, issues a declaration of war against Sweden, with out daring even to name the power which forces it to act. It seeks with embarrassment grievances, and reasons to appear to have had in this determination a will of its own. It cites the remonstrances of Sweden against the arrest of the Swedish mails as vexations, while in its severity against English correspondence, it would not suffer it to pass according to treaty, and declares that it is imperiously obliged to take these measures. It pretends to know the thoughts of the king, and imagines them hosfile, though for some months it had concerted an aggression upon Sweden. It pretends to reason on the interests of the country, though it has abandoned its own interests, and even its existence, to a foreign influence. In fine, it reproaches Sweden with having provided for her defence by a subsidiary treaty, though itself is paid for an aggres. sion; and then it pronounces, though indeed with a kind of ti midity, the word mercenary, which the government that pays it had probably dictated to it. It is proposed here to render to his Bri tannic majesty the most authentic solemn testimony, that in all his transactions with Sweden he never demanded offensive measures; nor required any thing that was not perfectly compatible with its tranquillity and independence. The most convincing proof of this is the promptitude with which his ministry acceded to the proposition of the king for the pacification of the Baltic, by a formal promise not to send thither any ships of war, but on conditions useful and honourable to all the north. Let the Danish government read in this proposition the complete refutation of the complaints of which the manifesto against Sweden is comą posed; and in the moments when it shall return itself, let it compare the state of things which the king has desired with that which France and Russia wish. Let all the allies of France read in this consent of England the difference between the connections which unite the two courts and those which enchain them, and let them pronounce on which side is to be found a due regard for particular interests, and a just moderation for the general good.-Denmark herself has been, during a long time, the object of this moderation, and did not cease to be so till she became absolutely dangerous. When the north was outraged by the devastation of Lower Saxony, the oppression of the Hanseatic towns, what did she to avenge them? Sweden, England, and Russia, made war for this ob. ject; but no one thought of forcing Denmark to take part in it. She was the ally of Russia, then, as well as at present; why did she not embrace her cause? What could she then alledge for her tranquillity U 4 that that Sweden cannot now alledge? All this is explained by the single fact which she endeavours to conceal that she is at present under the influence of the French go. vernment. Had England followed the principles of this enemy, she would not have waited the moment of her surrender to disarm her, she would have invaded her several years before; she would have guarded her, and all this with a view to the good of the north.Her ancient alliance with Russia is made a pretext for this aggression, though all the world knows that it is merely defensive, and that it remained suspended during the late wars with Russia, when perhaps that power might have claimed it. The court of Denmark, in order to justify its proceedings, hesitates not to make all kinds of assertions, dares to defend the injustice of Russia, and betrays a premeditated plot; and all this it does to conceal the chief, nay, only reason, which is that Denmark is the ally of France. But injustice and falsehood find their end; honour and truth will triumph in their turn. His majesty, relying on the justice of his cause, hopes, with conscious pride of reigning over a brave and loyal people, so often tried by dangers, and held up by the Almighty, that the same Providence will vouchsafe to bless his army, and restore to his subjects a safe and honourable peace, to the confusion of his enemies. Proclamation of General Armfeldt, on entering Norway. INHABITANTS of Norway.The Danish government has declared war against Sweden, without any cause or provocation on her part; it has crowned the calamities that afflicted the north, and spoutaneously submitted to a foreign yoke. The Swedish troops, therefore, enter your country according to the laws of war, in order to prevent hostilities from being committed in their own country. But the laws of war are carried into execution only by sol diers; the peaceful inhabitants of the towns and country, if they excite no disturbances, shall enjoy tranquillity and protection.-The Swedish soldiers, celebrated for or. der and discipline, respect the personal safety and property of the unarmed; and should Providence bless his majesty's arms. the army under my command, so far from proving hurtful to your different trades, shall open your ports to commerce and importation, quicken your industry, and secure in the north an asylum for loyalty and honour. AUGUSTUS MAURICE ARMFELDT. The King of Sweden's Proclamation on the Rupture of the Intercourse with Prussia. Dated Stockholm Castle, April 5th, 1808. WE, Gustavus Adolphus, by the grace of God, king of Sweden, of the Goths and Vandals, &c. unto all our true and loyal subjects, greeting-We herewith graciously make known to you, that his majesty, the king of Prus sia, has declared to us that all kind of intercourse between his domi nions and Sweden is suspended; and that in consequence thereof, all trade and navigation to Swedish ports |