He was educated at Bethany Academy; studied law; and entered public life in 1838, as a member of the State Legislature, where he served a number of years, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1849 to 1853.

Caldwell, Patrick C.-He was a native of South Carolina, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, serving on the Committee on Manufactures.

Calhoun, John.-He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839.

At

Calhoun, John C.-Born in Abbeville District, S. C., March 18, 1782. He was of an Irish family. His father, Patrick Calhoun, was born in Ireland, and at an early age came to Pennsylvania, thence went to the western part of Virginia, and after Braddock's defeat, moved to South Carolina in 1756. the age of thirteen, he was put under the charge of his brother-in-law, Dr. Waddel, in Columbia County, Georgia. He entered Yale College in 1802, and graduated with distinction; studied law at Litchfield, Connecticut; and in 1807 was admitted to the bar of South Carolina. The next year he entered the Legislature of that State, where he served for two sessions with ability and distinction, and in 1811 was elected to Congress, where he continued until 1817, when he became Secretary of War under President Monroe, and conducted the affairs of that department with energy and ability for seven years. In 1825 he was elected Vice-President, and in 1831, upon General Hayne's leaving the Senate to become Governor of South Carolina, Mr. Calhoun resigned the Vice-Presidency, and was elected member of the United States Senate by the Legislature of South Carolina. After the expiration of his senatorial term, he went voluntarily into retirement. Upon the death of Mr. Upshur, in 1843, he assumed the conduct of the State Department, which he held until the close of President Tyler's administration. In 1845 he was again elected Senator, which office he held until his decease. From

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1811, when he entered Congress, until his death, he was rarely absent from Washington, and during the most of that period he was in the public service

of his State and country. He entered Congress at a time of unusual excitement, preceding the declaration of war of 1812, and had great influence in favor of that measure. In the difficulties and embarrassments upon the termination of war, and the transition to a peace establishment, he took a responsible part. As a presiding officer of the Senate he was punctual, methodical, and accurate, and had a high regard for the dignity of the body, which he endeavored to preserve and maintain. His connection with nullification, his views of the tariff, his opinions in regard to slavery, and the many and exciting questions arising from it, are well known. He shaped the course and moulded the opinions of the people of his own State, and of some other Southern States, upon all these subjects. Amid all the strifes of party politics, there always existed between him and his political opponents a great degree of personal kindness. He died in Washington City, March 31, 1850, leaving behind him the reputation of one of the greatest and the purest of American statesmen. His collected writings and speeches have been published in several octavo volumes, edited by his son, and accompanied with a biography.

Calhoun, John E.-Born in 1749, and graduated at Princeton College in 1774. He afterwards studied law, in which profession he became distinguished. After being for many years in the State Legislature of South Čarolina, he was a Senator in Congress from 1801 to 1802. He was a decided republican, and supporter of Mr. Jefferson. He was one of the committee who were instructed to report a modification of the judiciary system of the United States. He died in Pendleton District, November 3, 1802.

Calhoun, Joseph.-He was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1807 to 1811.

Calhoun, William B.-He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, December 29, 1796; graduated at Yale College in 1814; bred to the law; and was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1835 to 1843. He was also a member of the State Legislature from 1825 to 1835, and Speaker for two years; President of the State Se

nate in 1846 and 1847; Secretary of State from 1848 to 1851; Bank Commissioner from 1853 to 1855; Presidential Elector in 1844; and Mayor of Springfield in 1859.

Call, Jacob.-He was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1824 to 1825.

Call, Richard K.-He was born in Kentucky; and having taken an interest in military affairs, became aidede-camp to General Jackson in 1818, and was promoted to a Captain soon afterwards, and subsequently was appointed Brigadier-General of the Florida militia. He was a member of the Legislative Council of Florida in 1822; a Delegate to Congress from 1823 to 1825; Receiver of Public Money for the Landoffice; and he held the position of Governor of Florida from 1836 to 1844.

Calvert, Charles B.-He was born in Prince George County, Maryland, August 24, 1808; received his earliest education in Philadelphia, but graduated at the University of Virginia in 1827. His whole life has been devoted, on a large scale, to the pursuits of agriculture. He was for many years President of the Maryland Agricultural Society; also of the Prince George County Society; and Vice-President of the United States Agricultural Society. He has devoted special attention to the raising of superior breeds of cattle, every variety of which he has tried on his extensive farms. He was elected to the Legislature of Maryland in 1839, 1843, and 1844; and was elected a Representative, from Maryland, to the Thirtyseventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia and on Agriculture. Died at Riverside, Maryland, May 14, 1864.

Calvin, Samuel.-Born in Washingtonville, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, July 30, 1811. At the age of sixteen, after the death of his father, he was thrown upon his own resources, and became a school teacher, with the view of supporting his father's family, and obtaining the means for a classical education; he accomplished this object; subsequently studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1836, and practised in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. In 1848 he was elected a member of the

Thirty-first Congress, and in 1850 declined a re-election.

Cambreling, Churchill C.-He was born in Washington, North Carolina, in 1786, and received an academical education at Newbern, in that State. He had a special fondness for field sports, but did not let them interfere with his duties as a clerk in a Carolina store, where he was engaged for two years. He removed to New York City in 1802, which has since that time been his home, excepting the year 1806, when he was a counting-house clerk in Providence, Rhode Island. He engaged at an early day in mercantile pursuits with John Jacob Astor, and travelled extensively over the world. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1839, and officiated as Chairman of the Committees of Commerce, Ways and Means, and of Foreign Affairs. His reports and political pamphlets were at one time very numerous, one of the former, on Commerce and Navigation, having gone through several editions and been republished in London. While travelling in Europe in 1839, he received the appointment of Minister to Russia, and on his return to the United States he retired to private life. Died at West Neck, Long Island, April 30, 1862.

Cameron, Simon.-He was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in 1799, and was left an orphan when only nine years of age. He educated himself, while pursuing the employment of a printer in newspaper offices at Harrisburg and in Washington City, and when twenty-two years of age edited and published a Democratic journal at the former city, having previously had charge of a paper, the Pennsylvania Intelligencer, at Doylestown, Pennsylvania. In 1832 he established the Middletown Bank of Pennsylvania, and devoted much of his attention to the railroad interests of his native State, and before entering Congress he was the Cashier of a bank, President of two railroad companies, and Adjutant-General of Pennsylvania. He was first elected a Senator in Congress in 1845, where he served until 1849, and he was re-elected to the same position in 1857, for the term ending in 1863. He was spoken of in 1860 as one of the candidates for the Presidency, and in 1861

became Secretary of War under President Lincoln. He resigned that position, and was appointed Minister to Russia in 1861. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864.

Campbell, Alexander.-He was a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, from 1809 to 1813.

Campbell, Brookins. - He was born in Washington County, Tennessee, in 1808; was for many years a member of the State Legislature, and in 1845 was unanimously elected Speaker; he was an officer in the Quartermaster's Department in the war with Mexico, and a member of Congress, from 1852 to the time of his death, which occurred in Washington, District of Columbia, December 24, 1853.

Campbell, George W.-He was born in Tennessee in 1768; received a good education; was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1803 to 1809, serving during the last two years of his term as Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means; was Judge of the United States District Court; was elected Senator of the United States in 1811, but resigned on being appointed Secretary of the Treasury in 1814. He resumed his seat in the Senate the following year, and served till 1818, when he was appointed Minister to Russia, where he remained until 1821. He died at Nashville, Tennessee, February 17, 1848.

Campbell, James H.-He was born in Williamsport, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, February 8, 1820; graduated at the Carlisle Law School; was admitted to the bar in 1841; was a member in 1844 of the Whig Baltimore Convention; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1855 to 1857, and again from 1859 to 1861, serving on the Committee on Elections. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. In 1864 he was appointed by President Lincoln Minister Resident to Sweden.

Campbell, John.-He was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1801 to 1811; also Judge of the Orphans' Court in Charles County,

where he died June 23, 1828, aged sixtythree years.

Campbell, John.-He was born in South Carolina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1819; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1831, and again from 1837 to 1845. Died at his residence in Marlborough District, South Carolina, May 19, 1845.

Campbell, John.-He was a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1837 to 1843.

Campbell, John H.-He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847.

Campbell, John P.-He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Congress.

Campbell, John W.-He was born in Augusta County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1817 to 1827. Died September 24, 1833.

Campbell, Lewis D.-Born in Franklin, Warren County, Ohio, August 9, 1811. He received a limited education; was attached at an early day to the Cincinnati Gazette, as printer and assistant editor; subsequently had the entire control of another political paper; and having studied law was admitted to practice. He was elected a member of Congress, from Ohio, in 1848, and has been re-elected to each successive Congress, down to the Thirtyfifth, when his seat was contested, and the House of Representatives decided against his claim. During the Thirtythird Congress he was Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means.

Campbell, Robert B.—He was born in South Carolina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1809; and was a Representative in Congress, from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1835 to 1837. He was subsequently appointed, by President Fillmore, American Consul at Havana, Cuba.

Campbell, Samuel.-He was born in Mansfield, Connecticut, and was a

Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1823, having previously served five years in the Assembly of that State.

Campbell, Thomas F.-He was a native of South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1834 to 1835.

Campbell, Thomas J.-He was a native of Tennessee, and a member of Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, and twice Clerk of the House of Representatives. During the years 1813 and 1814 he was an Assistant Inspector-General of militia. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, April 13, 1850.

Campbell, Thompson.-He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Illinois, from 1851 to 1853.

Campbell, William B.- Was born in Tennessee, and when a young man served in Florida as Captain in the mounted volunteers. He was a member of the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress, from 1837 to 1843; went to Mexico as Colonel commanding the First Regiment Tennessee Volunteers, distinguishing himself at Cerro Gordo and at Monterey; was unanimously elected Circuit Court Judge; and was Governor of Tennessee from 1851 to 1853.

Campbell, William W.-Born in Cherry Valley, New York, June 10, 1806; graduated at Union College in 1827, and studied law with Judge Kent, of New York, and in 1831 he commenced the practice of his profession in that city, having previously written and published a history of the Border War of New York. He was a Representative in Congress, from 1845 to 1847, and then spent a year in Europe. On his return, he was appointed a Justice of the Superior Court of New York City, and served seven years, and was subsequently elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, which position he now holds.

Canby, Richard S.-He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849.

Cannon, Newton.-He was born in Guilford County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1814 to 1817, and again from 1819 to 1823, and was also appointed by President Monroe, in 1819, one of two Commissioners to treat with the Chickasaws. He was also Governor of Tennessee from 1835 to 1839. Died September 29, 1842.

Caperton, Hugh.-He was born in Virginia in 1780; was a farmer by occupation; a member, for many years, of the State Legislature; and a Representative in Congress, from the Greenbrier region of Virginia, from 1813 to 1815. He died in Monroe County, Virginia, February 9, 1847.

Carey, George.-He was a native of Charles County, Maryland, but removed to Georgia, and died in Upson County in 1844. He was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1823 to 1827.

Carey, John.-Born in Monongahela County, Virginia, April 5, 1792; removed with his parents to the Northwest Territory, in 1798; from that period until 1812 he labored with his father in the tanning business; in 1814 he assisted in building the first stone house in Columbus; after which he devoted himself to the various employments of carpentering, milling in its various branches, and farming; in 1825 he was elected an Associate Judge, which office he held for seven years; he was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1828, 1836, and 1843; and was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture.

Carlile, John S.-Born in Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, December 16, 1817. He was educated by his mother until fourteen years of age, and then went into a country store as salesman and clerk, and at the age of seventeen commenced business for himself. At the same time he read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1840, and settled in Beverly, Randolph County, in 1842, to practise. He was elected to the State Senate in 1847, and served till 1851. In 1850 he was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Virginia, and in 1855 was elected a Representa

Carnes, Thomas P.- He was born and educated in Maryland; studied law, and settled in Georgia. He was there successively Solicitor-General, Attorney-General, and Judge of the Supreme Court; and was a Representative in Congress, from 1793 to 1795. He died at Milledgeville, May 8, 1822.

Carpenter, Davis. He was born in Walpole, Cheshire County, New Hampshire, December 25, 1799; received an academical education; studied medicine, and took the degree of M.D. at Middlebury College, Vermont, in 1824; he removed to the State of New York in 1825, and there attained the position of Colonel of a rifle corps; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1853 to 1855, in place of A. Boody, resigned. He was subsequently devoted to his profession and to surveying.

Carpenter, Levi D.-He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1843 to 1845.

Carr, Francis.-He was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature, from 1806 to 1811, and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1813. Died in October, 1821, aged sixty-nine years.

Carr, James. He served three years in the Massachusetts Legislature, from Bangor, and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1817.

Carr, John.-He was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1831 to 1837, and again from 1839 to

1841, and died in Clarke County, Indiana, January 20, 1845.

Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton. He was born in Annapolis, Maryland, on the 20th of September, 1737; was descended from a respectable Irish family; was of the Roman Catholic religion, and inherited a very large estate. He was sent at an early age to St. Omer to be educated, and afterwards removed to Rheims. After having studied civil law in France, he went to London, and pursued the study of common law at the Temple; and returned to America at the age of twenty-seven. He soon became known as an advocate for liberty, and was one of the ablest political writers of Maryland. In 1776 he was elected a Delegate to the old Congress, and subscribed his name to the Declaration of Independence, and at the time of his death was the last surviving signer of that document. In 1778 he left Congress, and devoted himself to the councils of his native State; in 1789 he was elected a Senator to the new Congress, and in 1810 he quitted public life, and passed the remainder of his days in tranquillity, beloved and revered by his friends and neighbors, and honored by his country. He was ever considered a model of regularity in conduct and sedateness in judgment. He died in Baltimore, November 14, 1832.

Carroll, Charles H.-He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1843 to 1847, a member of the Assembly of the State in 1836, and a State Senator in 1837.

Carroll, Daniel.-He was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1789 to 1791, and was that year appointed Commissioner for Surveying the District of Columbia.

Carroll, James.-He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to

1841.

Carson, Samuel P.-Born at Pleasant Garden, Burke County, North Carolina. He was for several years a member of the State Legislature, and a Representative in Congress, from 1825 to 1833. He killed Doctor Robert B. Vance in a duel, in 1827; and at the