66 Walking his round of duty
Serenely, day by day;

With the strong man's hand of labor
And childhood's heart of play.

"Wherever outraged Nature

Asks word or action brave;
Wherever struggles labor,
Wherever groans a slave.

"Wherever rise the peoples,

Wherever sinks a throne,

The throbbing heart of Freedom finds
An answer in his own."

And here is the picture of Charles Sumner-in which he is described as combining the scathing power of Brougham, with Canning's grace-described as having been nourished by all the Muses, springing from their arms an athlete to smite the Python of our time; described as placing on the shrine of freedom the gifts of Cuma and of Delphi; and as standing strong as truth, tranquil-fronted, and above all the tumult of earth.

Next, Whittier gives us the sight of Barbour, killed in Kansas by the border ruffians-dying in defence of freedom.

"Bear him, comrades, to his grave,
Never over one more brave,

Shall the prairie grasses wave.

"Bear him up the frozen hill,

O'er the land he came to till,
And his poor hut roofed with sod.

Patience friends! the human heart
Everywhere shall take our part;

Everywhere for us shall pray

"On our side are Nature's laws,
And God's life is in the cause
That we suffer for to-day.

"Frozen earth to frozen breast,

Lay our slain one down to rest,

Lay him down in hope and faith."

Then we see the fair face and clear eye of Starr King.

"The great work laid upon his twoscore years,

Is done and well done; if we drop our tears,
Who loved him as few men were ever loved,
We mourn no blighted hope, or broken plan
With him whose life stands rounded and approved
In the full growth and stature of a man.

O East and West! O morn and sunset! twain

No more forever! Has he lived in vain,

Who, Priest of Freedom, made you one, and told
Your bridal service from his lips of gold."

When we ask what was the power, what the motive, which united these anti-slavery men, and enabled them to resist and finally conquer the immense array of force opposed to them, we must say first that it was because they had on their side justice and truth, "and who knows not," said Milton, "that truth is strong-next the Almighty."

But to this motive was joined another. Man's courage and energy is often roused by the very difficulty and danger of the task before him. Why do men climb the Matterhorn; go out to India to shoot

tigers; go to the North Pole to be frozen in those awful deserts of cold; find their way to the sources of the Nile, or of the Congo? Partly, I think, because of the very danger and difficulty of these enterprises. God has put in the human brain the organ of combat; not that man shall fight bitter battles with his brother-man, but that he may fight against evils, falsehoods, wrongs and cruelties. Every reformer must have a large organ of combativeness, and an equally large organ of destructiveness. Then, besides all other motives, he is inspired by the joy of the combat-the dread delight of battle. A desire to battle with wrongs and destroy them is not inconsistent with good will towards the wrong-doer. Such was the temper of the abolitionists-their words were sharp, and pointed, and like the Sword of the Spirit pierced through to the dividing asunder of all sophistries and falsehoods. But their hearts were kind and their feelings tender, and those who knew them best will testify that they were, after all, a good-natured and affectionate people.

CHAPTER V.

ANTI-SLAVERY IN POLITICS.

"Count me o'er earths chosen heroes. They were men who stood alone,

While the crowd they agonized for hurled the contumelious stone ;
Stood serene, and down the future saw the golden beam incline
To the side of perfect justice, mastered by their faith divine,"

LOWELL.

THERE have been three parties in the United States which had for their main object to resist the aggressions of the slave-power by political action. First came the "Liberty Party" formed in 1840 by a convention at Albany, presided over by Alvin Smith, an early abolitionist, and a man of great ability. It nominated James G. Birney for President, and at the election which made Gen. Harrison, President, it cast only 7000 votes out of 2,000,000. In 1841, Salmon P. Chase joined its ranks. In 1843 it held a ccnvention at Buffalo, which Stephen S. Foster said, "was one of the most earnest, patriotic, and intelligent bodies which ever met on this continent." In 1844, it cast 60,000 votes, held the balance in New York, and defeated Henry Clay, and so caused the election of Polk and the annexation of Texas-which was probably a great mistake.

The next political anti-slavery party was the "Free

Soil" party-formed in 1848, to oppose the extension of slavery into new territories. It met at Buffalo, August 9, and nominated Mr. Van Buren for the Presidency and threw 270,000 votes, most of which being taken from the Democratic party, caused Gen. Cass to lose the State of New York, and gave the election to Gen. Taylor. The third political party op posed to Slavery was the "Republican" party, which Mr. Wilson says was formed and christened in Michigan by a fusion of Free-Soilers and Whigs opposed to the Kansas-Nebraska bill. This bill passed in May 1854, repealed the Missouri Compromise, and admitted slavery into all the territories of the United States.

July 6th, 1854, a convention in Michigan of FreeSoilers and Whigs formed a new union and called it the Republican party. This was followed by a general uprising of the people of the North. It nominated Gen. Fremont for the Presidency. He was defeated in 1856, by James Buchanan. There were three candidates, Buchanan, (Democrat) Fillmore, (American) and Fremont (Republican). Fremont received 1,340,000 votes. In the next election, in 1860, the Republican party elected Lincoln as President by a popular vote of 1,866,000 against 1,575,000 for Douglas, 847,000 for Breckenridge, and 590,000 for the Bell and Everett ticket. In 20 years it rose om 7,000 votes to nearly 2,000,000. While these