ance of power, 91; one of the Great
Powers, 98; attitude of, at the
congress of Troppau, 99; Verona,
99; cession of "Horse-shoe Reef"
by, to United States, 110; sale of
territory to, by Netherlands, 111;
partition of Africa by, 113; treaty
of, with France as to enclosed
waters, 117; convention of, as to
the Suez Canal, 119, 120; attitude of,
as to the three-mile limit, 121, 122;
treaties of, as to Canadian fisher-
ies, 122-125; Bering Sea, 124, 125;
territorial waters jurisdiction act of,
128; jurisdiction of, over foreign-
born subjects, 132; attitude of, as
to naturalization, 135; jurisdiction
of, over aliens, 138; immunities of
diplomatic agents of, 184; protec-
torate of, over Ionian Islands, 217;
war of, with the Transvaal, 234;
volunteer navy of, 267; guaranty
of, as to Suez Canal, 289; neutrality
laws of, 292, 293; attitude of, as to
Terceira affair, 297, 298; Alabama
case, 307; contraband, 318; convoy,
329; blockade, 331 et seq.; contin-
uous voyages, 336-340; law of, as to
prize money, 344.

Great Lakes, regarded as "high seas,"

117.

Great Powers, enumeration of, 98;
policy of, 98-101.

Greece, in early international law,
13; recognition of, 49; interven-
tion in affairs of, 92, 214; attitude
of Great Powers as to, 99, 100, 289;
recall of citizens by, 138; pacific
blockade of, 228; volunteer navy
of, 267.

Gregory IX, relations of, to canon
law, 9, 15.

Grotius, Hugo, writer, 3, 19, 31, 32,
41, 215, 244, 315, 316.
Guaranty, treaties of, 214; as to
canals, 289.

Guerrilla troops, status of, 243.
Guidon de la Mar. See Sea Laws.
Gulfs, as affecting jurisdiction, 117.

Hague Conference, First, 24-27, 238.
Hague Conference, Second, rules in
regard to commencement of war,
234, 235; convention of, in regard to
the laws and customs of war, 238;
provisions of, in regard to public
property of the enemy, 247; in re-
gard to personal property of enemy
subjects, 249; in regard to enemy
merchant ships, 254; relative to sub-
marine cables, 258; relative to wire-
less telegraphy, 259; relative to
belligerent occupation, 261; forbid-
ding laying of contact mines, 265;
provisions as to exemption of pri-
vate property at sea, 269; flag of
truce, 275; in regard to neutral ter-
ritorial jurisdiction, 295; in regard
to regulations by a neutral for bel-
ligerent ships, 297; provisions for in-
ternment in a neutral port, 299-300;
regulations concerning ordinary en-
try of belligerent vessels, 300; in
regard to vessels with prize, 303; in
regard to supplying and fitting out
belligerent vessels, 307; and list of
absolute contraband, 318; concern-
ing inviolability of postal corre-
spondence, 327; the International
Prize Court, 344, 345.

Hall, William Edward, writer, 28, 34,
87, 142, 156, 182, 195, 278, 298, 304.
Hanseatic League, treaty of, as to
tolls, 118. See Sea Laws.
Harbors, neutrality of, 296, 297.
Harcourt, Sir W., writer, 89.
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, 120.
Heffter, writer, 93.

"Hinterland Doctrine," 109, 114.
Historical collections, exemption of,
255, 256.

Holy Alliance, relations of, to Monroe
Doctrine, 83; to intervention, 92;
opposition of, to popular liberty, 99.
Horses, as contraband of war, 317.
Hospital flag, use of, 264.
Hospital ships, 253, 290.

Hostages, when last given, 9 n.; in
case of ransom, 270.

Immunities and privileges of diplo-
matic agents, 180 et seq.; of consuls,
189-199.

Independence of states, 81 et seq.
Indians, suzerainty of United States
over, 60; extinguishment of title of,
109.

Individuals under international law,
62.

Inequalities among states, court prec-
edence, 98; matters of ceremonial,
98; weight of influence, 98 et seq.
Institute of international law, as to
marine jurisdiction, 122; pacific
blockade, 228.

Instructions for United States Armies,
30, 349 et seq.; to diplomatic agents,
169, 206.

Insurgents, who are, 63-65.

Intelligence, transmission of, 322.
Intercourse of states, 75.
International Commission of Inquiry,
222.

International law, definition and
general scope of, 3-5; nature of,
6-11; historical development of,
in early period, 13, 14; in middle
period, 15-19; in modern period,
19-27; influence of United States,
27-31; writers, 31-34; sources of,
practice and usage, 36; precedent
and decisions, 36; treaties and state
papers, 39, 40; text writers, 40-42;
diplomatic papers, 42; states, defi-
nition, 45; nature, 45, 46; recogni-
tion of new, 47-54; legal persons
having qualified status, members of
confederations, etc., 57, 58; neutral-

ized states, 58; protectorates, suze-
rainties, etc., 58-60; corporations,
60-62; individuals, 62; insurgents,
63-65; belligerents, 65-69; com-
munities not fully civilized, 69, 70;
general rights and obligations of
states, existence, 73; independence,
73, 74; equality, 74; jurisdiction,
74; property, 75; intercourse, 75;
existence, application of the right,
77, 78; extension of the right to
subjects, 78, 79; independence,
manner of exercise, 81; balance of
power, 81-83; Monroe Doctrine, 83
et seq.; non-intervention, 87; prac-
tice as to intervention, 88 et seq.;
equality, in general, 97; inequalities,
97-101; jurisdiction, in general, 107;
domain, 107, 108; method of ac-
quisition, 108-112; qualified, 112-
114; maritime and fluvial, 114;
rivers, 114-116; navigation of riv-
ers, 116, 117; enclosed waters,
117, 121; the three-mile limit, 121,
122; fisheries, 122-125; vessels, 125–
129; aërial jurisdiction, 129; per-
sonal, general-nationality, 130;
natural-born subjects, 131; foreign-
born subjects, 131-133; acquired
nationality, 131 et seq.; jurisdiction
over aliens, 138-140; exemptions
from jurisdiction, 141, 142; sover-
eigns, 142, 143; state officers and
property, 144-146; special exemp-
tions, 146-148; extradition, 148 et
seq.; servitudes, 152, 153; property
in general, 155; of the state, 156;
diplomacy and international rela-
tions in time of peace, general de-
velopment, 159; diplomatic agents,
160 et seq.; suite, 166; who may send
diplomatic agents, 167; who may
be sent, 168; credentials, instruc-
tions, passport, 169-171; ceremo-
nial, 171-175; functions, 176, 177;
termination of mission, 178-180;
immunities and privileges, 180 et
seq.; diplomatic practice of the
United States, 187-189; consuls,

189-200; treaties, definition, 203;
other forms of international agree-
ments, 203-206; negotiation of,
206-213; validity of, 213; classifica-
tion of, 214, 215; interpretation of,
215-217; termination of, 217-219;
amicable settlement of disputes,
221 et seq.; non-hostile redress, 225;
retorsion, 226; reprisals, 226; em-
bargo, 227; pacific blockade, 228-
230; war, definition, 233; com-
mencement, 233; declaration, 235;
object, 236, 237; general effects,
238; status of persons in war, per-
sons affected by war, 241; com-
batants, 241-243; non-combatants,
243-245; status of property on
land, public property of the
enemy, 247, 248; real property
of enemy subjects, 248; personal
property of enemy subjects, 249-
251; status of property at sea,
vessels, 253-255; goods, 255, 256;
submarine telegraphic cables, 256-
258; wireless telegraphy, 258-259;
conduct of hostilities, bellig-
erent occupation, 261-263; forbid-
den methods, 263-265; privateers,
265, 266; volunteer and auxiliary
navy, 266, 268; capture and ran-
som, 268-271; postliminium, 271,
272; prisoners and their treatment,
273, 275; non-hostile relations of
belligerents, 275-279; termination
of war, methods of, 281; by con-
quest, 281; by cessation of hos-
tilities, 282; treaty of peace, 282-
284; definition of neutrality, 287;
forms of neutrality and of neutral-
ization, 287-290; history, 290–292;
declaration, 292, 293; divisions,
293; relations of neutral states and
belligerent states, general principles
of the relations between states,
295; neutral territorial jurisdiction,
295-298; regulations of neutral re-
lations, 298-303; no direct assist-
ance by neutral, 304, 305; positive
obligations of a neutral state, 306-

308; neutral relations between
states and individuals, 311-315;
contraband, 315-319; penalty for
carrying contraband, 319-321; un-
neutral service, 321-325; visit and
search, 325-329; convoy, 329, 330;
blockade, 330-335; violation of
blockade, 335–336; continuous voy-
ages, 336-340; prize and prize
courts, 341-345.

Internment of belligerent troops,
274, 295, 296, 299.

Interpretation of treaties, 215-217.
Intervention in affairs of other na-

tions, 81-95.

Ionian Islands, protectorate of, 22,

217.

Islands, title to, when formed in
rivers, 112.

Isolation of the United States, effect
of, 49.

Italy, attitude toward the United
States on question of sovereign po-
litical unity, 78; one of the Great
Powers, 98; relation of, to the Triple
Alliance, 101; partition of Africa by,
113; convention of, as to the Suez
Canal, 119-120.

Jackson, President, attitude of, as to
the Falkland Islands, 51.
Japan, recognition of, 48; jurisdiction
of, over aliens, 139; freedom of
Emperor of, from suit, 143; treaty
of United States with, as to consu-
lar functions, 196; termination of
treaty of, with China, 217; prize
law of, 254, 327; treaty of peace of,
with China, 283; attitude of, as to
convoy, 329.
Jettison of cargo, 13.
Jurisdiction of states, 74, 107 et seq.;
of diplomatic agents, 180 et seq.;
of consuls, 189-199; over non-com-
batants, 243; neutral territorial,
295; in case of blockade, 330-335;
as to prize courts, 341. See Inter-
national Law.

Jus belli, early international law, 13.

Ambassadors, Diplomatic Agents.
Letter of credence, form of, 171.
Letters, in diplomatic relations, 204-
205.

Letters of marque. See Privateer-
ing.

Levies en masse, as combatants, 242,
273.

Liberia, recognition of, 49.
Licenses to trade, 277, 278.
Lieber, Dr., writer, 7, 30.

Lien, right of state to enforce, 108.
Lima, Congress of 1847, 85.
Limitation of armaments in South
America, 86.

Lincoln, President, proclamation of,
as to blockade, 234, 235, 333 n.
Loans of money, by neutral to bellig-
erent state, 305; by citizens of a
neutral state, 305.

London, Declaration of, 1909, 27;
naval conference, 1908-1909, 256,
268.

Luxemburg, neutralization of, 58,
288.

Madagascar, protectorate of, 59.
Mails and mail steamers, under neu-
tral flag, 322, 323.

Marcy, Secretary, as to naturaliza-
tion, 136.

Mare clausum, rule of, as to Bering
Sea, 124.

Marine League. See Three-mile Limit.
Maritime ceremonials, in salutes, 98.
Maritime war. See Neutrality.
Marriage, as affecting nationality, 133;
performed by diplomatic agent, 177.
McKinley, President, message of, as
to Cuba, 92; proclamation of, as to
blockade, 333 n.

Mediation. See Good Offices.
Memoranda, what they are, 176, 177,
204.

Messages, transmission of, 324.
Milan Decree of Napoleon, 331.
Military assistance not to be fur-
nished by neutral to belligerent, 304.
Mines, automatic contact, 265.
Ministers, jurisdiction of Supreme
Court as to, 38. See Ambassadors,
Diplomatic Agents.

Mississippi River, navigation of, 28.
Money, as contraband of war, 317.
Monroe Doctrine, history of, 83 et seq.;
position of United States as to, 101.
Monroe, President, author of Monroe
Doctrine, 83.

Montenegro, recognition of, 49.
Moser, writer, 33, 41.

"Most favored nation," what it
means in treaties, 216.
Munitions of war, sales of, by neutral,
304. See Supplies of War.

Napoleon Bonaparte, relation of, to
Monroe Doctrine, 83; sale of Louis-
iana by, 111; Berlin Decree of, 227,
331; Milan Decree of, 331.
National Prize Court, 341.
Nationals defined, 130, 264.
Natural-born subjects, jurisdiction
over, 131.

Naturalization, law as to, 133 et seq.
Naval Conference of London, 1908,

International, 27. See Declaration

of London.

Naval war code of the United States,
322.

Navigation of rivers, 28, 116, 117.
Navy, exemption of, from local juris-
diction, 145.

Netherlands, sale of territory by, to
Great Britain, 111; convention of,
as to Suez Canal, 120.

Neutral flag, transfer of enemy vessel
to, 255.

Neutral goods, capture of, 256, 311

et seq.

Neutrality, regulations of 1793 in
regard to, 28; proclamation of, 66;
of goods, 255, 256; submarine tele-
graphic cables, 256 et seq.; definition
and history of, 287-293; laws of
United States as to, 291, 292, 306;
of nations during war between Spain
and the United States, 292; as to
departure of hostile vessels from
neutral ports, 300-302; British reg-
ulations as to, 301 n.; as to direct
assistance, 304, 305; obligations of
state, 306-308; ordinary commerce
in case of, 311-315; contraband in
case of, 315-319; unneutral service
in case of, 321-325; visit and search
in case of, 325-329; convoy in case
of, 329, 330; blockade, 330-335;
violation of blockade, 335, 336;
continuous voyages, 339, 340; prize
and prize courts, 341, 345.
Neutralization of states, 58; forms of,
287-290.

Noncombatants, who are, 243–245.
Non-hostile redress, what is, 225.
North Sea fisheries, convention as to,
122.

Norway, dissolution of, from Sweden,
49; union of, with Sweden, 58;
protectorate over, 59.

Notes, what they are, 177, 204, 205.
Notification of blockade, 332, 333;
of war, 235.

Nuncios, rules as to, 163 et seq. See
Ambassadors, Diplomatic Agents.

Object of war, 236-238.
Occupation, a method of acquiring
territory, 108-110; belligerent, 249-
251.

Officers of merchant vessels, status

of, 242.

Oléron, laws of. See Sea Laws.
"Open door" policy in the Far East,
29.

Oriental states, exemption of sub-
jects of Western states in, 146-148.
Oscar, King, address of, to Swedish
Riksdag, 49.

Pacific blockade, what it is, 228-230.
Panama, protectorate of, 59; canal
route, neutralization of, 289.
Pan-American Conference of 1889,
223.

Pan-American Conferences, 1889,
1901-02, 1906, 86; Scientific Con-
gress, 86.

Paris, Treaty of. See Treaty of Paris.
Parole, release on, 274.
Passengers, capture of, 269.
Passport, form of, 141; of diplomatic
agent, 170, 179; given in time of
war, 276.

Peace of Westphalia, as an epoch in
international law, 19; relation of, to
the balance of power, 82; recog-
nition of diplomacy by, 162; pre-
ceded by armistice, 282.
Perdicaris and Raisuli, 29.
Perfidy. See Deceit.

Permanent Court of Arbitration, 224.
Personal property, status of, in war,
255, 256.

Persons, jurisdiction over, 130; sta-
tus of, in war, 241.
Philippines, sale of, to the United
States, 111.

Phillimore, writer, 34, 148.
Pillage, prohibition of, 249.
Pius Fund arbitration, 224.

Poison, use of, forbidden in war, 263.
Poland, partition of, 21, 82, 111.
Political refugees. See Right of Asy-
lum.