1711 ཁ Spotswood seeks to mediate June, 1711 C. R., I, 760 C. R., I, 795 Cary threatens Hyde with Parke's fate other citizens of those counties res; onding but slowly to the call of the governor for active support. Indeed so slowly did they respond that Hyde early realized the superior strength of his adversary, and at once applied for aid to the governor of Virginia. On June 13th Spotswood, in response to the demand, determined to send a mediator to seek a suspension of military operations until the differences of the contestants could be laid before the Lords Proprietors. To that end, on June 20th he wrote letters to each, Hyde and Cary, which he sent by Mr. Clayton, saying to Cary that he had ever advised Hyde to moderation and to endeavor to reconcile and unite both parties, and that it was on this basis that he now proposed mediation. On June 25th Clayton reached Pollock's residence, which was situated somewhat west of the site of Edenton, and on the next day delivered the letter to Cary, whose well-manned brigantine and barco-longo were then sailing off some twelve miles from Pollock's in the sound. Cary agreed to the proposition to meet Hyde the next day at an appointed place, and that in the meantime the forces should remain where they were. But Hyde, upon consideration, found the appointed place too inconvenient, and suggested two other points for a conference to be held on the 28th. But this proposition, says Hyde himself, did not reach Cary in time, because of bad weather, and negotiations thereupon were broken off. Clayton again visited Cary and delivered a second letter from Spotswood, withheld at first, threatening Cary with his own armed interference if he should not come to terms. Cary now declared he would make no terms, but that he would seize Hyde and his council, and that Hyde might expect the same fate that Colonel Parke had at Antigua. This threat produced a great commotion among the friends of Governor Hyde, for two years before Colonel Parke, the governor of the island of Antigua, one of the British Isles in the Caribbean Sea, had after three years of tyranny and despotic oppression been seized by the outraged people, and had been torn limb from limb; a tragic fate, well known in Virginia, where one of Governor Parke's daugh HYDE IS VICTORIOUS ters had married Colonel Custis, and was thus allied to some of the first people in that colony. 762, 795 177 But Cary's threats were impotent. His men were not C. R, I, equal to the occasion. On the morning of June 30th, he determined to make the attempt to seize Hyde, and approach- June 30 ing Pollock's house that lay near the water, he fired two cannon from his brig and, throwing a force into two boats, made a dash for the land. But Hyde was prepared, and returning shot for shot, struck the mast of the brig, and deployed his men along the shore ready for the assault. Such an unexpected show of force struck terror into the hearts of Cary's men, who quickly returned to their vessel and sought to draw off.* Hyde in turn manned some boats and gave pursuit. And now Cary's force thought only of escape. The brig was hastily run ashore, and the men fled into the woods. When Hyde's boats approached, the brig, armed with six cannon, fell into their hands, along with her owner, Emanuel Lowe, and three sailors, who composed her crew. 1711 De Graffen ried's Narra tive, C. R., I, 918 moderation Being favored by this good fortune, Hyde issued a procla- Hyde's mation pardoning all who had been led into acts of violence, except the chief movers, which, together with the loss of prestige incident to the miscarriage of the attempt to seize Hyde, tended to draw the people away from Cary, whose forces rapidly dispersed. Roach, however, fortified himself at Pamlico, and it was said that John Porter went among the Indians and endeavored to persuade them to fall upon the people on the western shores of Chowan, the inhabitants there having espoused the cause of Hyde. The Indians, however, declined the invitation, if any were indeed made to them. In the meantime, Hyde, flushed with his success in capturing the armed brigantine, hastily threw on board of the vessel a force of his own and sailed off to Pamlico to make an end C. R., I, 795 of the matter by capturing Cary at Roach's house, the place where he had fortified; but again did the governor find discretion the better part of valor. Cary was too strongly en *This sudden flight was probably due to the appearance among Hyde's followers of Baron De Graffenried's servant, in his yellow coat, which led to the impression that some of the queen's troops were present, it being treason to make war on them. 1711 Cary and trenched; no attack was made, and the expedition returned without result. But Spotswood having on the application of Hyde sent some marines to his assistance, the appearance of these on Pamlico, about July 10th, being troops of the queen, accomplished the final dispersion of the Cary forces. Colonel Cary and several of his most active supporters to England hastily proceeded to Virginia to take shipping for England, July 31 but were there seized by Spotswood, and, on July 31st, were sent to England on board a man-of-war under charges of rebellion and sedition. They arrived in London on September 25th, but there being no evidence produced against them, they were discharged. - Porter's will Off. Sec. State On November 20th, within a month after his arrival, we find Cary before the Lords Proprietors obtaining copies of the charges made against him by Hyde. A year later he had returned to Carolina, Hyde having been instructed by the Lords Proprietors not to proceed to the punishment of any of the parties engaged against him. John Porter remained in England and died at Bridgewater during the spring or summer of 1713. On the death of Governor Tynte, the Lords Proprietors C. R., I, 750 appointed Hyde governor of North Carolina in his own. right, and a recent act of Parliament requiring the approval of the Crown, the royal assent was given, and on May 9, 1712, he received his appointment, bearing date January 24th. Taking the oaths, he became Governor of North Carolina, being the first appointed by the Lords Proprietors since Ludwell's time, and this appointment was the beginning of the entire separation of the government of North Carolina from that of the southern colony. Final separation of North and South Carolina CHAPTER XV THE TUSCARORA WAR The Indians disquieted.-Lawson's activities.-Lawson executed.— The cause of the Indian war. The massacre.-Preparations for defence.-Active war.-Gale's mission successful.-Barnwell acts vigorously.-War measures.-Barnwell makes a truce.-Barnwell's Indians return to South Carolina.-Hostilities renewed.-The death of Hyde.-Pollock's truce with King Blount.-James Moore arrives. -He takes Fort Nohoroco.-Many Tuscaroras depart for New York. -Major Maurice Moore arrives.-Effects on the settlers.-Harmony in the colony.-Governor Eden.-South Carolina imperilled.—Aid sent. The Cores renew hostilities. The Indians disquieted 1711 In the dissensions of the colony, the Pamlico section adhered to Cary, and the Indians of that region were led by the execrations of the neighboring whites to regard the new governor as a person to be detested by them, while the rapid extension of the settlements to the southward and along the waters of the Pamlico and Neuse raised apprehensions lest they should be forced back and utterly expelled from their old hunting grounds. At this time the tribes at the north Sept., 1711 had dwindled into insignificance; they were the Meherrins, the Nottoways, and the Chowans on Bennett's Creek and the Pasquotank, some of whom had already fallen into the habits of the whites, wore clothes and had cattle, making butter for sale. On the western frontier, beginning in Virginia and extending nearly to the Neuse, were the Tuscaroras, a warlike tribe of northern origin. They occupied fifteen towns and numbered altogether 1200 fighting men. Adjoining them were the Woccoons, about one-tenth their number; and a few miles distant were the Pamlicos, once an important tribe, who had, however, been swept away by a fearful epidemic some fifteen years before, and now could boast only fifty braves. The Neuse and the Chautauquas, who occupied the region allotted to De Graffenried's colony, 1711 Line, 89 were likewise weak; but the tribes farther to the eastward, on Bear River and Core Sound, were more populous. Near Bath was a small tribe of Pungos, and on the sounds to the south were found the Coranines; while at Hatteras lived the remnant of a tribe now reduced to sixteen braves, who claimed that some of their ancestors were white, and valued themselves extremely on their kinship to the English, and were very friendly. In confirmation of this claim, in effect that they were descended from Raleigh's Lost Colony, Lawson declares that some of them had grey eyes, a circumstance not observed among any other Indians. In the distant interior, on the Eno, had been the Occoneechees, and nearby the Schoccories and the Keiauwees, and farther south the Saponas and the Toteros; but these a few years earlier had consolidated and had removed from Carolina into Virginia, settling at Christianna, ten miles Byrd's Div. north of the Roanoke. After remaining there some twentyfive years, however, they returned to Carolina and dwelt with the Catawbas. In all, there were some 1500 braves bordering on the south and west of the settlements; but the Indians to the northward, nearer the Virginia line, did not sympathize in the apprehensions felt by the lower towns concerning the encroachments made on the Pamlico and Neuse and were not inclined to be inimical to the whites. Lawson's work Sept. 8, 1711 Lawson had projected an interior road from the southern settlement to Virginia, and with a view to locating it he had made a progress through the region inhabited by the Indians; he had also as surveyor been conspicuous in establishing the Palatines and the Swiss, and in laying off plantations, and indeed himself had a large grant located on the Neuse; and thus he became an object of particular resentment among the discontented Indians. Such was the feeling early in September, some two months after the dispersion of Cary's forces and the flight of his principal adherents from the colony, when Lawson and Christopher Gale and Baron De Graffenried arranged for an expedition up the Neuse and to make a progress through the Indian towns with a view of locating the proposed road. Gale was fortunately detained, but the baron and Lawson, accompanied by two negroes, on September 8th, set out from |