Westchester
Farmer.

On the

Westchester Farmer," see WINSOR's America,

Vol. VI. p. 104.

The Miscellaneous Essays and Occasional Writings of Francis Hopkinson, in 3 vols. were published at Philadelphia in 1792. Hopkinson. On Hopkinson's life and writings, see TYLER: Literary History of the American Revolution, Chap. XXX.

LITERATURE IN AMERICA FROM 1776 TO 1800

Book II. Chapter VIII.

On the general conditions of life in America between the close of the Revolution and the beginning of the nineteenth century, see HENRY ADAMS'S History of the United States, 9 vols., New York, 1889-91.

On the Federalist group, the chief authorities are The Federalist, etc., ed. Paul Leicester Ford, New York, 1898; The Works of Alexander Hamilton, ed. Henry Cabot Lodge, 9 vols., Federalist. New York, 1885-86; Madison's Papers, being bis Correspondence and Reports of Debates, ed. Henry D. Gilpin, 3 vols., Washington, 1840, and his Letters and Other Writings, 4 vols., Philadelphia, 1865; The Correspondence and Public Papers of Jobn Jay, ed. Henry P. Johnston, 4 vols., New York, 1890. For biographical detail, see HENRY CABOT LODGE's Alexander Hamilton, Boston, 1882 (American Statesmen series); WILLIAM C. RIVES's History of the Life and Times of James Madison, 3 vols., Boston, 1859-68; SYDNEY HOWARD GAY'S James Madison, Boston, 1884 (American Statesmen series), and GEORGE PELLEW's John Jay, Boston, 1890 (American Statesmen series). Copious bibliographic detail will be found in WINSOR's America, Vol. VII. pp. 259–260, and in Paul LEICESTER FORD's Bibliotheca Hamiltoniana, New York, printed for the author, 1886.

A sufficient notion of CRÈVECŒUR may be got from TYLER: Literary History of the American Revolution, Vol. II. pp. 347-358, and Stedman and Hutchinson's Library, Vol. III. pp. 138–146. Crèvecœur. Crèvecœur's Letters from an American Farmer were published at London in 1782; there is a French translation in two volumes, published at Paris in 1784.

Selections from the writings of the "Hartford Wits" are given in the third volume of Stedman and Hutchinson's Library; while Pro

Wits.

fessor Tyler's Literary History of the American Revolution Hartford discusses their work at some length. For an interesting monograph on the Hartford Wits, see F. SHELDON: The Pleiades of Connecticut, Atlantic Monthly, Vol. XV. p. 187 (Feb., 1865).

Dwight.

TIMOTHY DWIGHT's works are not in print. Original editions of importance are: The Triumph of Infidelity: A Poem. Printed in the World, 1788; The Conquest of Canaan: A Poem, in Eleven Books, Hartford, 1785; Greenfield Hill: A Poem, in Seven Parts, New York, 1794; Travels in New England and New York (1796-1815), 4 vols., New Haven, 1821-22. For further details, see Professor Tyler's excellent Three Men of Letters [Berkeley, Dwight, Barlow], New York, 1895, pp. 184-185.

The Poetical Works of Jonathan Trumbull, LL.D., were published at Hartford in 1820. Notable editions of M' Fingal are the first, M'Fingal: a Modern Epic Poem, in Four Cantos, Hart- Trumbull. ford, 1782, 16mo; the sixth, London, 1793, with explana

tory notes by Joel Barlow; and an edition with introduction and notes by B. J. Lossing, New York, 1880.

Of JOEL BARLOW's writings no edition is in print. For Barlow. bibliography and other details, see TYLER's Three Men of Letters, pp. 131-183.

Freneau.

The writings of FRENEAU are no longer in print. Among early editions should be noted Miscellaneous Works of Mr. Philip Freneau, Containing his Essays and Additional Poems, Philadelphia, 1788; Poems Written between the Years 1768 and 1794, Monmouth, 1795; Poems Written and Published during the American Revolutionary War . . . and Other Pieces not heretofore in Print, 2 vols., Philadelphia, 1809. On Campbell's borrowings from Freneau, see TYLER: Literary History of the American Revolution, Vol. I. pp. 177 ff.

BOOK III. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

ENGLISH HISTORY SINCE 1800

Book III. Chapter I.

For English history in the nineteenth century, the general refer

ence will suffice.

from 1815 to 1833, with Especial Reference to Periodicals, Madison, Wisconsin, 1898.

For the Knickerbocker writers in general, one should glance, if possible, at The Knickerbocker Gallery: a Testimonial to the Editor of the Knickerbocker Magazine from its Contributors. .. New York: Samuel Hueston, MDCCCLV.

Willis.

On WILLIS, Professor Beers writes: "Of the various collective editions of his [Willis's] verse, published since 1844, . . . the final and most complete is . . . the Clark and Maynard edition of 1868. No really complete edition of Willis's writings has ever been printed. The first collective edition which laid claim to being complete was entitled The Complete Works of N. P. Willis, I vol., 895 pp., New York, J. S. Redfield, 1846. The thirteen volumes in uniform style, issued by Charles Scribner from 1849 to 1859, form as nearly a complete edition of Willis's prose as is ever likely to be made." (Beers's Willis, p. 353.) A volume of selections from Willis's prose writings appeared at New York in 1885, under the editorship of Prof. H. A. Beers. The best biography of Willis is that by Professor Beers, Boston, 1885, in the American Men of Letters series.

Mrs. Kirkland's books, originally published by Francis, of New York and Boston, seem to be no longer in print; they are chiefly A New Home: Who'll Follow? 1839; Forest Life, 1842; Western Clearings, 1846.

Melville.

Hermann Melville's best-known stories are: Typee, 1846 ; Omoo, 1847; Moby Dick, the White Whale, 1851.

Standard biographies of Bayard Taylor are his Life and Letters, edited by Marie Hansen-Taylor and Horace E. Scudder,

Taylor. 2 vols., Boston, 1884, and ALBERT H. SMYTH'S Bayard Taylor, Boston, 1896, in the American Men of Letters series.

The principal writings of George William Curtis, with their dates of publication, are: Nile Notes of a Howadji, 1851; Lotus Eating: A Summer Book, 1852; The Potiphar Papers, 1853; Curtis. Prue and I, 1856; Works; Collected and Newly Revised by the Author, 5 vols., 1856; Essays from the Easy Chair, three series, 1892-'93-'94. Mr. Edward Cary has written a life of Curtis for the American Men of Letters series, Boston, 1894.

BOOK V. THE RENAISSANCE OF NEW ENGLAND

SOME GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW ENGLAND
Book V. Chapter I.

The outlines of New England history in the colonial period are well depicted in JOHN FISKE'S The Beginnings of New England, Boston, 1889, which has a good bibliography, and in BROOKS ADAMS'S The Emancipation of Massachusetts, Boston, 1887. WINSOR'S America, Vol. III., and CHANNING AND HART's Guide, § 109 ff., contain extensive bibliographic notes on New England colonial history.

Of the later records of New England life mentioned in the text, Mrs. STOWE'S Oldtown Folks, originally published at Boston in 1869, where also her Uncle Tom's Cabin appeared in two volumes in 1852, may be found in the lately published Riverside edition of her works; WHITTIER'S Snow Bound, first printed at Boston in 1866, is prominent in any edition of his poems; LOWELL's Cambridge Thirty Years Ago (1854) is in the first volume of the Riverside edition of his works, and his A Great Public Character (1867) is in the second volume of the same edition; Miss LARCOM's chief works, with the dates of publication, are: Ships in the Mist and Other Stories, 1859; Poems, 1868; Childhood Songs, 1874; An Idyl of Work, 1875; Wild Roses of Cape Ann, and Other Poems, 1881; A New England Girlhood, 1889; Miss JEWETT's principal works up to 1895 may be found in Foley's American Authors, pp. 158–9; since 1895 she has published The Country of the Pointed Firs, 1896, and The Queen's Twin, and Other Stories, 1900; Dr. EDWARD EVERETT HALE'S New England Boyhood, first published at Boston in 1893, may be found in the sixth volume of his lately collected works, Boston, 1900; Miss WILKINS has written The Adventures of Ann, 1886; A Humble Romance and Other Stories, 1887; A New England Nun and Other Stories, 1891; Young Lucretia and Other Stories, 1892; The Pot of Gold and Other Stories [1892]; Jane Field. A Novel, 1893; Giles Cory, Yeoman. A Play, 1893; Pembroke: A Novel, 1894; Madelon. A Novel, 1896; Jerome, A Poor Man. A Novel, 1897 ; Miss ALCOTT's Little Women was published at Boston, 1868-69. On the literary history of New England, see W. C. LAWTON's New England Poets, New York, 1898.

Webster.

THE NEW ENGLAND ORATORS

Book V. Chapter II.

WEBSTER'S Works, in 6 vols., were published at Boston in 1851; for select speeches, see E. P. WHIPPLE'S The Great Speeches and Orations of Daniel Webster, with an Essay on Daniel Webster as a Master of English Style, Boston, 1879. Good biographies of Webster are GEORGE TICKNOR CURTIS's Life of Daniel Webster, 2 vols., New York, 1870, and HENRY CABOT LODGE'S Daniel Webster, Boston, 1883.

EDWARD EVERETT's Orations and Speeches on Various Occasions, in 4 vols., were published in Boston, 1853-68. On the renascent influence of Everett's teaching, one should read Emerson's "Historic Notes of Life and Letters in New England," Works, Riverside edition, Vol. X. pp. 307 ff.

Everett.

Choate.

Winthrop.

RUFUS CHOATE's Works, with Memoir by S. G. Brown, were published in Boston, 1862.

ROBERT CHARLES WINTHROP'S Addresses and Speeches on Various Occasions were published, in 4 vols., Boston, 1852–86. The standard life of Winthrop is the Memoir by his son, Robert C. Winthrop, Jr., Boston, 1897.

THE NEW ENGLAND SCHOLARS AND HISTORIANS

Book V. Chapter III.

For an article on "Libraries in Boston" by the late Justin Winsor, see his Memorial History of Boston, Vol. IV. pp. 235 ff.

Prince.

PRINCE'S Chronological History of New England may be conveniently found in ARBER's English Garner, Vol. II. pp. 287 ff., London, 1879.

GEORGE TICK NOR's History of Spanish Literature was published in three volumes at New York, 1849; his Life of William Hickling Prescott appeared at Boston in 1864. The best biography Ticknor. of Ticknor is The Life, Letters, and Journals of George Ticknor, by Miss Anna Ticknor, 2 vols., Boston, 1876.

SPARKS's historical labours may be suggested by these chief titles: Library of American Biography, first series, 10 vols., Boston, 183438; 2d series, 15 vols., Boston, 1844-48; Washington's Writings, 12 vols., Boston, 1834-37; Franklin's Works, 10 vols., Boston, 1836-40; Correspondence of the American Revo

Sparks.