in ruins, memorable as the scene of an engagement in 1775, when the fort was captured by the Vermont militia under the lead of Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold. Crown Tavern. A former house of London. Its site is now occu pied by the Bank of England, Threadneedle Street. The Crown has been a frequent designation for public houses in England, which were formerly distinguished by the devices of their signs. Crucifixion [of Christ], The. Of the great number of compositions which treat of this subject, the following may be named asamong the more celebrated and better known. Crucifixion, The. A noted picture by Fra Angelico, Giovanni (da Fiesole) (1387-1455). In the Museum of St. Mark, Florence, Italy. Crucifixion, The. A triptych, representing, together with the crucifixion, the Raising of the Brazen Serpent, and Moses striking the Rock, executed by Gerard van Meire (1627-1691), the Flemish painter, and said to be the only picture in existence with which his name is intimately connected. It is in a chapel of the Cathedral of St. Bavon at Ghent. Crucifixion, The. A picture of the Crucifixion, Expulsion, and Last Judgment, by Roger van der Weyden (d. 1464), the Flemish painter, and considered a fine example of that master. It has recently been transferred from the Monastery de los Angelos to the Museum of Madrid, Spain. Crucifixion, The. A large altarpicture by Hans Memling_(d. 1495), the Flemish painter. It is in the Palais de Justice at Paris. Crucifixion, The. An altar-piece, with wings representing the Sacrifice of Abraham and the Brazen Serpent, by Cornelis Engelbrechtsen (1468-1533), the Flemish painter. It is now in the townhall at Leyden, Holland. Crucifixion, The. A picture by Guido Reni (1575-1642), and one of that painter's finest creations. In the gallery at Bologna, Italy. Another striking picture on the same subject by that artist is in the gallery of Modena. Another in Rome, in the Church of S. Lorenzo in Lucina. Of this last Robert Browning writes: Beneath the piece Of Master Guido Reni, Christ on Cross, Second to nought observable in Rome." Crucifixion, The. A picture by Anthony van Dyck (1599–1641). In the Cathedral of Mechlin, Belgium. There are also several other paintings upon the same subject by that artist. Crucifixion, The. A picture by Jacopo Robusti, called Il Tintoret to (1512-1594). In the School of St. Roche, Venice, Italy. Crucifixion, The. A large altarpiece, with wings representing scenes from the life of Christ, executed by Hans Memling (d. 1495), the Flemish painter, and pronounced the most important representation of this subject which the Flemish school offers, "full of original motives and admirable carrying out." It is now in the cathedral at Lubeck, Germany. Crucifixion, The. A picture by Gheerardt David (1484-1523), the Flemish painter. In the Museum of Berlin, Prussia. Crucifixion, Descent from the Cross, and Entombment. Portions of an altar-piece of eighteen or twenty panels, painted in 1502 by Hans Holbein the Elder (d. 1524). This picture was originally in the Abbey of Keisheim, but is now at Munich, Bavaria. Crucifixion, The. An altar-piece at Weimar, Germany, by Lucas Cranach (1472-1553). It includes admirable portraits of Luther, Melanchthon, and the painter himself. Crucifixion, The. A well-known picture by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640). In the museum at Antwerp, Belgium. Crucifixion, The. A picture by Jacopo Robusti, called Il Tintoretto (1512-1594), and regarded as one of his finest and most perfect works. It is in a room of the Scuola di S. Rocco, at Venice, Italy. Crucifixion, The. A picture by Albert Dürer (1471-1528), the German painter and engraver, and regarded as one of his best works. It is in the gallery of Dresden, Germany. Crucifixion, The. A picture by Tintoretto (1512-1594). In the Schleissheim Palace, near Munich, Bavaria. Crucifixion, Chapel of the. One of the chapels in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem. It is believed to stand upon the spot where Christ was nailed to the cross. Crucifixion of St. Peter. 1. A large fresco painting by Michael Angelo (1475-1564), and one of his last. In the Vatican, Rome. 2. A well-known picture by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640), in the Church of St. Peter, in Cologne, Germany. Crusaders, The. A picture by Wilhelm Kaulbach (b. 1805), the eminent German painter. Crutched Friars. A street in London, named after a convent of Crouched Friars. Crystal Palace. A building which originally stood in Hyde Park, London, constructed for the Exhibition of the World's Industry, held in that city, and opened for that purpose May 1, 1851. It is said to have received its name from Douglas Jerrold, its roof and sides being made of glass. The entire area of the building was about 17 acres. It was subsequently taken down, re-erected and enlarged at Sydenham in Kent, where it is still an object of attraction. "The Alhambra and the Tuileries would not have filled up the eastern and western nave; the National Gallery would have stood beneath the transept; the palace of Versailles (the largest in the world) would have extended but a little way beyond the transept; and a dozen metropolitan churches would have stood erect under its roof of glass." Athenæum. But a few years ago we believed the world had grown too civilized for war, and Crystal Palace in Hyde Park was to be the inauguration of a new era. Battles bloody as Napoleon's are now the familiar tale of every day, and the arts which have made greatest progress are the arts of destruction. Froude. Solvency is in the ideas and mechanism of an Englishman. The Crystal Palace is not considered honest until it pays; no matter how much convenience, beauty, or éclat, it must be self-supporting. Emerson. Culla, Santa. See SANTA CULLA. Culzean Castle. The seat of the Marquis of Ailsa, in the neighborhood of Maybole, Scotland. It is a Gothic castle of the last century. It is alluded to in the poems of Burns. Cumaan Sibyl. 1. A well-known picture by Domenico Zampieri, called Domenichino (1581-1641). In the Palazzo Borghese, Rome. 2. A picture by Guido Reni (1575-1642). In the Uffizi Palace, Florence, Italy. Cumberland, The. A vessel of the United States navy, sunk by the iron-clad ram Merrimac in Hampton Roads, Saturday, March 8, 1862, going down with her colors flying, and firing upon her impenetrable assailant as the water rose above her own gundeck. To the last her brave commander Morris refused to surrender; and the ship sank, carrying down with her a hundred dead and wounded. At anchor in Hampton Roads we lay, On board of the Cumberland, sloop-of Cumberland Road. See NATIONAL ROAD. Cumnor Hall. An ancient manorhouse near Oxford, made memorable by the genius of Scott, in connection with the Earl of Leicester and Amy Robsart. Some remains of the building are still visible, but most of the ruins have disappeared. The dews of summer night did fall; The moon, sweet regent of the sky, And many an oak that grew thereby. Full many a traveller oft hath sighed," And pensive wept the countess' fall, As wandering onward they've espied The haunted towers of Cumnor Hall. [Mickle's ballad of "Cumnor Hall" is supposed to have suggested to Scott the romance of "Kenilworth."] Cupid. A statue by Michael Angelo Buonarotti (1475-1564). In the Kensington Museum. Cupid and Danaë. See DANAE AND CUPID. Cupid and Psyche. A celebrated ancient cameo, representing the reconciliation of Cupid and Psyche; ascribed to Tryphon, who lived in the time of Alexander's successors. It is now in the collection of the Duke of Marlborough, England. Cupid and Psyche. See MARRIAGE OF CUPID AND PYSCHE. Cupid catching a Butterfly. An exquisite marble sculpture by Thomas Banks (1738-1805), regarded as a model of classic grace. It was purchased by Catherine II. of Russia. In Russia. Cupid complaining to Venus. A mythological fresco in the Vati can, Rome, designed by Raphael, but executed by his pupils. Cupid, Education of. A wellknown picture by Antonio Allegri, surnamed Correggio (14941534). In the National Gallery. London. A Cupid wrestling with Pan. mythological fresco in the Vatican, Rome, designed by Raphael (1483-1520), but executed by his scholars. Curragh of Kildare. A fine undulating down about six miles in length and two in breadth, the principal race-course in Ireland. "Unequalled perhaps in the world for the exceeding softness and clasticity of the turf, the verdure of which is evergreen,' and the occasional irregularities which are very attractive to the eye. The land is the property of the crown." Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall. Curraghmore. The seat of the Marquis of Waterford, in the county of Waterford, Ireland. Curtain Theatre. A former the atre of London, conjectured to have been so called from having been the first theatre to adopt the use of a stage-curtain. It is mentioned in 1577, and is referred to by Stow and others. Aubrey (1678) speaks of it as a "kind of nursery or obscure playhouse, called the Greene Curtain, situate in the suburbs toward Shoreditch." It was afterwards used for prize-fighting. Curule Chair. The name given to a kind of ivory chair, without arms or back, and which was one of the insignia of senatorial dignity in ancient Rome, when the Gauls under the lead of Brennus entered Rome, which had been for the most part abandoned by the citizens in terror. A few of the aged senators alone remained, clad in their purple robes and seated in their curule chairs. It is related that one of the Gauls, approaching the Senator Papirius, and supposing him to be a statue, passed his hand gently over his long beard. The patri cian resented the affront by striking him with his ivory bâton, which was at once the signal of a general massacre. This chair was also used by successful generals in a public triumph, and was fitted to a kind of chariot (currus), whence its name. The Girondists, once more united for the last time, dined together to consult upon what remained to do. They counselled each other to stand firm at their post, and to die upon their curule chairs, defending to the last the character with which they were invested. Thiers. Than Timoleon's arms require, And Tully's curule chair, and Milton's golden lyre Mark Akenside. Cuthbert. See SHRINE OF ST. CUTHBERT. Cyclopean Towers. A singular and picturesque group of limestone towers, rising to a height of nearly 70 feet, in Augusta County, Va. Cymon and Iphigenia. A picture | by Sir Joshua Reynolds (17231792), the celebrated English por trait-painter. Cypress Grove. A well-known public cemetery in New Orleans, La. Cypress Hills. A cemetery near mid, but still in tolerable preservation, at Passargardæ in ancient Babylonia, believed to be the tomb of Cyrus the Great (B.C. 529). "This building is now called the tomb of Cyrus, and probably was so, though copied from a form which we have just been describing as a temple. But it must be borne in mind that the most celebrated example of this form is as often called the tomb as the temple of Belus, and among a Turanian people the tomb and the temple may be considered as one and the same thing." Fergusson. Dalhousie Castle. D. An old Scotch Castle, the seat of the Earl of Dalhousie, in the valley of the Esk, Scotland. "An avenue of near three-quarters of a mile of firs, cedars, laburnums, and larches, wound through the park to the castle, and, dipping over the edge of a deep and wild dell, I found the venerable old pile below me, its round towers and battlemented turrets Dalkeith Palace. The seat of the Dalmahoy Park. A mansion near Midcalder, in Scotland, the seat of the Earl of Morton. Among the curiosities here are mentioned the keys of Lochleven Castle, which, after the flight of Queen Mary, were thrown into the lake, and of which keys there are said to be seven different sets in Scottish houses, each claiming to be genuine. Dalmeny Park. The seat of the Earl of Rosebery near the village of Dalmeny, in Scotland. Dan. In ancient times a city in the extreme northern part of Palestine, a frontier-town or outpost of the Israelites. It was originally called Laish, and was inhabited by a people who were connected with Sidon. Its position relative to Beersheba, another ancient town on the extreme southern boundary of Palestine, some 40 miles from Jerusalem, has given rise to the familiar expression from Dan to Beersheba," which signified the land of the Hebrews in its entirety, and which as commonly used now means to traverse the whole extent of any journey or undertaking. I pity the man who can travel from Dan to Beersheba, and cry, "Tis all barren. Laurence Sterne: Sentimental Journey It is sad to see an honest traveller con fidently gauging all foreign objects with a measure that will not mete them; trying German Sacred Oaks by their fitness for British shipbuilding; walking from Dan to Beersheba, and finding so little that he did not bring with him. Carlyle. Danaë. A well-known picture by Antonio Allegri, surnamed Correggio (1494-1534). In the Borghese palace, Rome. Danaë and Cupid. An admired picture by Titian (1477-1576). In the Museum at Naples, Italy. Dance of Death. 1. A series of wood-cuts after designs by Hans Holbein the Younger (1498-1543), the German painter. They were first published at Lyons in 41 plates, and in a subsequent edition, which also appeared at Lyons, in 1507, were increased by 12 additional plates. 2. This subject was also treated by the Swiss painter Nicolas Manuel, surnamed Deutsch (1484-1531), in a humorous way, in 46 large fresco pictures on the churchyard wall of the Dominican convent at Berne. Dance of the Giants. A monumental structure, generally thought to be of Druidical origin, at Stonehenge, England. It consists of two circles and two ovoids, one within the other, and measuring 300 feet in circumference. Dance of the Magdalen. A beautiful engraving by Luc Jacobsz, commonly called Lucas van Leyden (1494-1533). Now in the British Museum. Dancing Faun. 1. An ancient statue now in the Tribune of the Uffizi Palace in Florence, Italy. It has undergone restorations by Michael Angelo. 2. There is another ancien |