Leading Constitutional Decisions

action appellants applied Article authority Chief Justice child labor tax citizens citizenship civil clause commerce clause congressional constitutionally conviction Court held criminal Dagenhart decision declared delivered the opinion denied dissenting District Court doctrine due process due process clause duty effect election employees enactment enforcement equal protection established evidence exclusive executive exercise fact federal government Fifth Amendment forbid Fourteenth Amendment Fourth Amendment freedom granted habeas corpus immunity imposed interstate commerce invalid judgment judicial jurisdiction jury labor legislative legislature liberty limited Louisiana ment military Negro officers organization persons petitioners police power political power of Congress present President primary primary election principle privileges process of law prohibition prosecution purpose question ratification regulation religion religious restraint restrictions rule secured segregation seizure Senate Smith Act statute Supreme Court taxation Tenth Amendment tion trial Union United valid violation vote Wong Kim Ark