pond two years ago. Those of three years are now FARMING AT THE EAST vs. WEST. The following is an extract from an address upon the Agricultural prospects of New England, delivered by the Hon. DANIEL NEEDHAM, at Stanstead, C. E., on the 22d ult. : "When the young man leaves his New England home, and with wife and children emigrates to the far West, what influences move him? Is it not the bold statement that the virgin soil of that distant land readily produces fifty bushels of corn and forty bushels of wheat to the acre? Is it not for this prospect, that he leaves all bis old associations, the land of his birth, the land of abundant schools and churches, the land of good roads and great comforts, to suffer privations in a new country, where school-houses, churches and roads are to be built? The question he should put to himself is, will I better my condition by emigrating? If the land is more productive of corn and wheat in Illinois, Wisconsin and other Western States, is it more productive of money? Admitting fifty bushels of corn can be raised to the acre, do we not raise that quantity on many farms in New England? According to the census of 1850, fifty bushels was the average of the State of Connecticut. But if you raise fifty bushels, how much money will it bring? At this very Mr Ainsworth is a public benefactor in what he has moment, within sixty miles of Chicago, corn can be done. While constructing and filling a pond, at a large bought for twelve cents a bushel. Fifty bushels at twelve expenditure, for his own amusement and gratification, cents a bushel, will give you six dollars; and in order to he has demonstrated the fact that, under circumstances produce this paltry sum of money, you must plow, harmore favorable as regards water and places for making row, hoe, harvest, shell and market an acre of corn. ponds, immense quantities of the most delicious food What will your acre bring you in Vermont? Corn is now can be raised at almost a nominal cost. When this seventy cents a bushel; and if you raise fifty bushels, as country becomes as populous as France such advanta-you should if you are a good farmer, your acre will proges as we possess for the propagation of fish will be ap- duce you thirty-five dollars. preciated and improved. Until then we can only hope spoon! How is it with wheat? Wheat is now worth within too see here and there a liberal and public spirited citi-sixty miles of Chicago, sixty cents a bushel. The average zen like Mr. Ainsworth set the example. [For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] CORN AFTER BUCKWHEAT. MESSRS. TUCKER-Your correspondent, E. L. HOLDEN, asks "brother farmers to give their "experience" on raising corn after buckwheat." I well recollect, when a lad, that my father plowed and planted a field to corn, on a small portion of which was raised buckwheat the year previous. The soil of that part on which the buckwheat grew was precisely like that of the other part, and the crop on this latter, which preceded the corn, I think was rye. It was all plowed and otherwise treated alike; 10 manure on any of it. Now for the result, which was very much like that of Mr. Holden's labor, only ". more so," for on the buckwheat land corn enough was not obtained to plant the same ground again, while on the other part a fair crop was raised. crop of Illinois is less than twenty bushels; and for your acre you will realize less than twelve dollars. In Vermont, our average crop is seventeen bushels, which to-day is worth one dollar and twenty cents a bushel, yielding for the acre, twenty dollars and forty cents. But suppose you convert your corn into pork, will that help the matter? Pork has been selling this entire winter, within sixty miles of Chicago, at two cents a pound. Such The man who leaves Vermont and goes West to get Northern men have gone West and secured wealth, but it rich by agricultural industry, makes a sad mistake. has been by fortunate investments in real estate. men can be found in every school district of our State, But the time is far in the future, when men, by legitimate men who by fortunate speculations have amassed wealth. agricultural industry in the West, will reach the coveted goal of wealth." Plowing Heavy Lands. Again, I know a man whose farm is not a hundred It would be interesting and important to know what miles from mine, who insists that corn can be raised after would be the comparative results, in regard to the crops buckwheat, and that the buckwheat makes no difference produced for three years, between lots plowed in furrows with the corn crop. He has tried it under my own obser- of fifteen inches and others of ten inches wide, on the soil vation, and has succeeded in raising some corn, a fair alluded to. It is a rule in England and Scotland, as well crop, but then he takes land already in a high state of as in some parts of this country, to plow clay land in as cultivation, and by manuring highly, and perhaps apply. fine or narrow furrows as practicable, in order to produce ing other fertilizers, he does raise some corn after buck- the required friability, and give due exposure to the atwheat, but in all probability not near the amount he other-mosphere, which is so necessary to develop the fertility of wise would by applying the same manure, &c., on land not immediately preceded by a crop of buckwheat. Your correspondent to whom I allude, says he would like to know the reason why corn cannot be raised after buckwheat. I cannot give you the reason, but will say that facts are stubborn things to contend with, and I think we can more profitably spend our time, labor, &c., than by trying to raise corn directly after buckwheat. such soils. It may be said that the width of the furrows was not greater than usual in proportion to the depth. On this point it may be inquired whether the expediency of plowing sward to this depth has been demonstrated? Would it not be better, especially on clayey soils, to bury the sward at only a moderate depth, where it would more quickly decompose, and give more immediate benefit to crops-plowing deeper, if necessary, afterwards? Such is the practice in some sections distinguished for successful farming.-Boston Cultivator. THE OLD PEAR TREE.-The old Stuyvesant pear tree, (175 years old,) corner of East Thirteenth Street and The Irish Farmer's Gazette estimates that nearly Third Avenue, New-York, is again in blossom, and ap- a million of dollars were spent last year, by the farmers dears more profuse in its blossoms than for years past of Ireland, for "spurious manures." SHADE TREES. EDS. Co. GENT.-I wish that either you or some one of your numerous contributors, would give us an article upon Shade Trees, the proper time for transplanting, and the after cultivation. I think it is a subject that would interest all your friends, and it most certainly is a very important one. Nothing, I think, adds more to the comfort of the homestead, than fine large shade trees about the house. Ride over the country, and how many places you will see without a tree near them, the hot summer sun beating down upon the unsheltered walls, as if trees were not given on purpose to make our dwellings comfortable. But how pleasant, after going over miles of our bare country roads, to come upon a place where some farmer lives who is alive to the beauties of nature, and has planted a row of trees by his road-side. You almost unconsciously give him your blessing as you pass. At the same time almost every one is willing to acknowledge how much trees add, both to the looks and the comfort of a place; but "oh, its too much trouble," or "I have not time,' or "it costs more than it will come to," is the almost invariable answer you will get to suggestions of improve ment. Let every man then, that owns a place, make it his business the coming fall, when work is not driving, to set out trees around his house, and by the road side, and my word for it he will not repent it. Let every one do this, and in a few years, instead of desolate "pikes," our roads would be perfect avenues, and it would be as it ought, a pleasure to ride about. R. Sullivan Co., N. Y. If every land owner entertained the same views as our correspondent, we should see a beautiful country in a few years. It is strange that men who have no appreciation of rural ornament, should not perceive that their farms would be thus increased ten times as much in market value, as the cost of planting the trees. We invite all our readers to give attention to the subject, and to read the articles on pages 37 and 40, of Rural Affairs, vol. 1; and on pages 225, 233, 246, 250, &c., of vol. 2. MANAGEMENT OF CUTTINGS. The following directions by Mr. A. S. FULLER, on the management of cuttings, made at a recent meeting of the Brooklyn Hort. Society, will be interesting to our practical readers: Hardy cuttings-that is from out-door hardy wooded plants, such as currants, will succeed best if made in September when the wood is ripe; they are cut just under an eye or bud and left about six inches long-planted in rows about two inches apart in the rows; by spring they will be ready to make a large growth. Be sure to pack the earth in tight at the bottom of the cutting or they will not succeed. In this way most of the hardy out-door plants can be propagated, such as the Rose of Sharon, Spireas, Deutzias, &c. For the grape two eyes are best, the top one nearly covered. and cold. The most favorable state for cuttings to grow in, is when the roots will form and not produce any foliage. Layers are so near a cutting that he said he would mention a few ways that were practiced-by bending a branch down and covering with earth late in the fall, they will root the first year; to facilitate the rooting they are with the inner bark. He showed a Pink which had been partly cut through, so that the earth can come in contact treated in that way in August, and now it was a perfect mass of roots, and ready to be separated from the old plant and put in a pot; if this had not been cut, it would not have rooted in two years. Layers from evergreens can only be made while the sap is in full vigor, for if cut at any other time, they will throw out the resinous matter and prevent the sap from forming roots. This is why so few of the gardeners succeed in raising choice evergreens. [For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] Buckwheat as a Green Manure. In the article on Corn after Buckwheat, in the Co. GENT. of April 10, it is said that "buckwheat profits from the manure which is laid on for a succeeding wheat crop, and which ripens and becomes suitable for the nourishment of wheat." In reply to this, our correspondent, A. W. W. of Chester Co., Pa., says: recommended as often perhaps as once a year from my Twenty or more years ago, having seen the same thing boyhood, I determined to try it. Accordingly a six acre lot was limed, manured, and sown with buckwheat in the month of June. When it was in full bloom, it was harrowed down and plowed under, and in due time sown with wheat. An aged neighbor who owned the adjoining land, but who knew nothing of chemistry, and probably could not do no good. He had tried it, and he thought the buckspell the word, predicted confidently that the wheat would wheat poisoned it. And so the result seemed to show. Poisoned it was, certainly. When we went to cut the wheat, the old neighbor was on the ground, pleased, as most prophets would be, to see their own predictions verified. He called it "streaked." I considered it too near a total failure to ever attempt a repetition of the experiment. I have time and again since then seen the same thing recommended, but my own testimony has been and is in agreement with my old neighbor's, "It is poison." CURE FOR WARTS. a Bathe the hand having warts in warm water, dry with a soft towel, and touch the top of each wart only with aquafortis; knitting needle or anything having a small point will answer to take up a small drop sufficient for each wart. In a few days a dead pelicle will be formed on the top of the warts, which will scale off when bathed in warm water. When this is removed apply the aquafortis again, and so on repeatedly, till the entire wart is reduced to a level with the true skin. This mode is effective, and without pain. The wart so treated will never come again; but care must be taken that the aquafortis does not touch the true skin about the wart, as it may blister it.-Irish Farmer's Gazette. In the Report of the Ithaca Farmers' Club for 1861, submitted for publication in the Transactions of the State Ag. Society, we note the following reference to the subject of the collection of Agricultural Statisties: The Delaware grape, which is one of the hardest vines to propagate, can be readily done by taking small cuttings before the frost and planting where they are to grow, covering well during the winter with leaves, &c., and by spring they will be well calloused over and ready to make "We are looking forward hopefully to the operation of good shoots. Of soft-wooded plants, take off part of the the law of the present session for the collection of Agriold wood along, and they will root more readily. Quince cultural Statistics throughout the State, and cannot doubt and other things of that kind will do better this way. that the Agricultural interests of the State will be greatly Evergreens, such as the Arbor Vitæ, Juniper, &c., if benefitted by the information thus obtained, if the law is small cuttings are put in a frame out-doors and covered faithfully executed. And as its execution will depend to with a sash, whitewashed, they will grow very easily. a great extent upon the active co-operation of the variSome kinds of plants will grow best and only from cut-ous Agricultural Societies of the State, we take pleasure tings of the roots, such as the Paulownia, Spireas, Black-in embracing the present opportunity to pledge the carberries, Raspberries, &c. Peach will grow readily in nest co operation of the Ithaca Farmers' Club, in carrying Georgia from cuttings, but here the winters are too long the law into effect." SH FOR SALE. The subscriber offers for sale, at reasonable prices, a number of Short-Horn cows, heifers and bulls, of Bates' blood, and in prime con dition, and also a few pure and high grade Alderney cows, heifers and bulls of the best blood in the country, delivered at the cars in Albany free of charge. Address Dr. HERMAN WENDELL, Feb. 13-w&mti. Hazelwood, Albany, N. Y. HESTER COUNTY PIGS FOR SALE.SAMUEL HILL, Jr., Florence Nursery, Florence, Mass. June 12-wlyr.* AYRSHIRE STOCK AND PRINCE ALBERT PIGS FOR SALE. THOROUGH-BRED AYRSHIRE STOCK, from importations of choice animals in 1859. PRINCE ALBERT PIGS from Imported Stock, in pairs not akin. REFERS TO E. H. HYDE, Esq., President of Connecticut State Ag. Society, SANFORD HOWARD, Esq., Editor Boston Cultivator, Boston, Mass. 66 "K" ITTY CLYDE."-I offer for sale the above named THOROUGH-BRED FILLY, four years old, 15 hands, half an inch high-color chestnut sorrel. She was got by celebrated race horse REVENUE out of Rosabel, by imported Consternation; grand dam Madam Celeste, by Andrew; great g. dam Lady Flirt, by Old Hickory; g. g. g. dam by Durock, sire PREMIUM CHESTER COUNTY WHITES. of American Eclipse-8. 8. 8. g. dam by imported Baronet, &c. THOMAS WOOD continues to ship to any part of the Union these celebrated HOGS in pairs not akin, at reasonable terms. AdPENNINGTONVILLE, Chester Co., Pa. dress CURE WARRANTED OF Sore Throat, or Nursing Sore Mouth, by the use of Mrs. SARAH LOHR's DIPHTHERIA CURE." If used according to direction on each bottle, at an early stage of the disease, WE WARRANT A CERTAIN CURE, or REFUND MONEY IN ALL CASES. Use it. It will save LIFE and MONEY. No physician needed. A swab, FREE, with each bottle. Two sizes of bottles, 35 and 50 cents, singly; $2.25 and $3,50 per dozen at wholesale, cash. Send for our numerous certificates, or get them of your Druggist. Sold by Druggists everywhere. Or address May 1-w5tm2t. BUY LOHR & CO.. EMPIRE AGRICULTURAL WORKS. TALDERNEY COWS, CHINESE SHEEP AND The undersigned manufacture Changeable Endless Chain Railway HORSE POWERS, COMBINED THRESHERS AND CLEANERS, Threshers, Separators, Wood-Saws, &c. These Powers produce more power. with less elevation, and are operated with greater ease to the team than any other, requiring very slow travel of Horses, being only about one and a half miles per hour when doing a good fair business, which is about 400 to 500 bushels of Oats per day, or half that quantity of Wheat or Rye. The Thresher and Cleaner runs still and easy, separates the grain perfectly clean from the straw, cleans quite equal to the best Fanning Mills, leaving the grain fit for mill or market, and is capable of doing a larger business without waste or clogging than any other Two Horse Cleaner before the public. For price and description send for Circular, and satisfy your Agricultural Books for Sale at this Office. WHITE CHESTER PIGS for sale. Apply to WILLIAM REDMOND, 45 Barclay-St., New-York. THE FARMER'S LIBRARY. We know of no works which afford so much Practical Information on the subject of American Agriculture, which can be procured for double the cost, as the Third Series of "THE CULTIVATOR," the 9th Ivol, of which is now completed. The price of the Nine volumes, handsomely bound in muslin, is 75 cents each at this office, or $1.00 each sent by mail, post paid. Either volume from 1 to 9, can be had separately at the same price. The Nine volumes will be sent per Express to any part of the country, on receipt of $6.75. TURNIP SEED CIRCULAR, for the present year. It is addressed Exclusively to Dealers in Seeds, 213 and all such, who desire a copy, whether Druggist, Country Merchant or Seedsman, will be supplied by mail, on the receipt of address writ 217 221 ten on a letter envelope, with one cent stamp attached. 213 222 201 202 204 204 The attention of Dealers is specially requested to the following paragraphs in the Circular referred to: "At no previous time has the promise been greater for full supplies of Seeds. The late mild winter was propitious for the preservation of all roots designed for seeding, and each acre of our grounds (nearly 209 400 in extent) gives promise of a prolific harvest; under these favorable 211 circumstances, we feel disposed to admit our customers to a share of 212 our good fortune, and shall accordingly reduce the prices of most 218 leading articles," 216 220 "Inasmuch as the true interest of our customers, Dealers in Seeds, THE ORDERS OF CONSUMERS RESIDENT NEAR ANY OF OUR WHOLESALE DAVID LANDRETH & SON, RENCH WHITE ZINC PAINT, MADE FROM PURE METAL, BY THR Orchards-Reversed Economy, Answer to Inquiries on Fruit Culture... Strawberries in Philadelphia, Mildew on Roses, by C. B. M., Fruit in lowa, by SUEL FOSTER. Design for an Ornamental Gate, by S. L. B... The Blue Grape Beetle, by J. LARROWE, The Wistaria, by G. B. H.,. A While in the Orchard, by D. D.,. 223 Shade Trees, Importance of, by R.... 230 Management of Cuttings, by A. S. FULLER, 230 THE DAIRY DEPARTMENT. Address Average Yield of Milk and Butter per Cow. by AGRICOLA... 206 213 June 19-w3t. Vieille Montagne Co. of Paris, Just imported from Holland and for Sale: One Buck and three Does, Fallow Deer. Price, $275. Two Does, heavy with young, $90 each. Buck and Doe, not with young. $70 each. Pair Mute Swan, 3 years old, $40. These prices include cage and delivery in New-York, at either of Express Offices, Depots, or on board vessel. By enclosing amount, birds or animals will be forwarded at once, if not previously disposed of-if sold, the money will be returned. Apply to June 19-wit. C. N. BEMENT, 66 East 29th Street, New-York. PARTNER WANTED-To go into the Nursery business and raising of small fruits. Packed dry in barrels, 2204 and 441 lbs. Mixed in oil, in 25, 50, 100, 200 and 500 lb. kegs, Sole Agent Vieille Montagne Company, COOK'S IMPROVED PORTABLE SUGAR EVAPORATOR. The subscriber has received from the proprietors the sole agency for the sale of COOK'S IMPROVED PORTABLE EVAPORATOR in the following counties: Chester, Delaware and Montgomery in Pennsylvania, Cecil, Hartford and Baltimore in Maryland. And also an agency for the sale of the MOST IMPROVED CANE CRUSHERS for horse or water power. A limited amount of pure To any one with some capital, understanding the nursery business CANE SEED on hand for distribution, this is a first rate chance. For further particulars address I. A. LAWTON, For information about the cultivation of the cane and its manu March 20-wtf. UBLISHED BY LUTHER TUCKER & SON size, in full bloom, the larger flowers of which measured Ρυ EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS, 395 BROADWAY, ALBANY, N. Y, J. J. THOMAS, ASSOCIATE EDITOR, UNION SPRINGS, N. Y. TERMS FIFTY CENTS A YEAR.-Ten copies of the CULTIVATOR and Ten of the ANNUAL REGISTER OF RURAL AFFAIRS, with one of each THE CULTIVATOR has been published twenty-eight years. A NEW free to the Agent, Five Dollars. SERIES was commenced in 1853, and the nine volumes for 1853, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60 and 61 can be furnished, bound and post paid, at $1.00 each "THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN," a weekly Agricultural Journal of 16 quarto pages, making two vols. yearly of 416 pages, at $2.00 per year, is issued by the same publishers. EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE. Scattered Notes of Travel. FARMING NEAR PHILADELPHIA.-The condition of agriculture in the immediate neighborhood of Philadelphia and the adjacent counties, has been long known, in many respects, as unsurpassed in any portion of the country, and hence even an imperfect report of its peculiar character and excellence, can hardly fail to prove interesting to the readers of the COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. It was with much satisfaction therefore that I accepted an invitation from my kind friend SAMUEL RHOADS, (widely known for his literary ability as editor and publisher of Friend's Review,) to visit some of the best farms in the neighborhood of West Philadelphia, and he generously devoted a couple of days to accompany me to several of these places. Near the city, most of the farms are small; and a large share of their profits arise from milk dairies or the temporary pasturage of the large droves of cattle on their way to the markets of the city. Outside of these, are many excellent farms, and I regretted that time would not allow me to visit but very few. The first was that of one foot in diameter without spreading the petals. The leaves were two feet long and ten inches wide. Several of the newer sorts of strawberry are cultivated, among which the Wilson is decidedly preferred for its reliability and productiveness, and good flavor when allowed to become well ripened. The Triomphe de Gand has not succeeded very well. The owner has retired from a lucrative city business, and makes farming a pleasant as well as profitable amusement. He keeps careful accounts, and his balance sheet shows a handsome profit. He occupies a farm of one hundred acres, which has been held by the family since its first occupation in the days of William Penn. It is in the form of a parallelogram, and is handsomely and regularly laid out with a tier of fields on each side of the central lane, so that all are readily accessible. The fences are all neat post-and-rail-those next the highway with four horizontal rails, and the rest with three-all being about four feet high. They cost here about $1 per rod, and last 15 or 20 years, the posts then requiring renewing. A regular rotation is adopted. It consists of 1. Corn (with a portion of the field with potatoes) on sod, with manure. 2. Oats after the corn, and rye after the potatoes. 3. Wheat, manured, seeded with clover and timothy. The fields remain longer or shorter in grass, according to the proportion of hay and pasturage needed. This term is usually four or five years, as hay and pasturage constitute the best of the profits. About 13 quarts of a mixture of clover and timothy are sown on each acre. The meadows average at least two and a half tons. The owner expects to sell a hundred tons of hay this year from this moderate farm, besides all that is needed for home use. The price is now $15 per ton in Philadelphia, which will be $1,500 for the crop sold. When higher in price he has realized over $2,000. To keep up the fertility of the land, he makes it a rule whenever a load of hay is drawn to the city, to bring back a load of manure. JACOB P. JONES, three or four miles west of the Schuylkill. The country eastward is nearly level, rendered slightly undulating by streams, but at this place rising in a fine ridge on the slope of which the residence is handsomely situated. It is a new dwelling, built of gneiss, and is a fine specimen of home-like comfort, combined with a sufficient amount of elegance. The view towards the city is rarely equalled for its character of richness and repose, luxuriant woodlands, round headed scattered trees, and fertile fields, mingling in the formation of a landscape of great beauty, beyond which the partly hid spires and domes of Philadelphia connect land and sky together. One can hardly realize that so quiet and rural a place is so near the noise and dust of a city of half a million people. The grounds were finely ornamented with some rare trees-among them a fine Magnolia grandiflora, 12 feet The two worst weeds are garlic and oxeye daisy. The forhigh, in a vigorous state of growth, but requiring winter mer is eradicated by pulling out-the latter by good cultivaprotection; and a Magnolia macrophylla, about the same tion and heavy seeding to grass. On one-half of a recently The owner of this farm plows deep, and subsoils down to a depth of about fourteen inches-he is "not afraid of deep plowing." Corn usually yields about 60 bushels per acre, and oats from 60 to 70 bushels. Wheat produces about 25 bushels, sometimes 28. Rye is chiefly valuable for its straw, which, when thrashed with flail, sells at $15 per ton in the city. A broadcast dressing of guano in the spring on grass, especially if it can be given just before a rain, and costing three or four dollars per acre, affords a a handsome remuneration in the increase of growth. |