tion. At the age of seventeen he was removed to the college and academy of Philadelphia, where, in 1764, he completed his classical and philosophical studies with distinguished reputation. In consequence of the absence of Dr. Smith, the provost, no commencement was held in the college for this year; but in May, 1765, he graduated Bachelor of Arts, having previously entered as a tutor in the grammar school, then under the direction of Mr. Beveridge. The eminent attainments of this gentleman in scholarship, and his skill and fidelity as an instructor, had acquired the highest reputation. Some of his pupils are yet living, and it will not be thought too great a compliment to them or to him to remark, that as Latin and Greek scholars they are not excelled, and have rarely been equalled by the alumni of any institution in this country.

In this situation Dr. Andrews continued about one year, when, on the warm recommendation of Dr. William Smith, provost of the college, he was induced by Dr. Kuhn and George Ross, esq. to take charge of a classical school at Lancaster. Having formed an early intention of devoting himself to the christian ministry in the episcopal church, he pursued his theological studies there with the advice and assistance of the Rev. Mr. Barton for a little more than twelve months. He then embarked in company with the late Dr. Magaw, for London, for the purpose of receiving holy orders. In February, 1767, he was ordained a deacon by Dr. Terrick, bishop of London, and was admitted into priest's orders a few days afterwards.† Being appointed by the society for propagating the gospel in foreign parts, a missionary to Lewistown, in Delaware, he soon took on himself the duties of that station. After remaining there about three years, finding that the climate was injurious to his health, he removed to Yorktown, in this state, where he succeeded the Rev. Mr. Thom

• After the examination of Dr. Andrews and Dr. Magaw for orders, the bishop of London happening to meet at court, the proprietary, Mr. Thomas Penn, expressed to him the satisfaction which he had received from the examination of those two gentlemen, from the province of Pennsylvania.

† While he was in England, the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him by his alma mater; and he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the Washington college, in Maryland, a short time before he removed to Philadelphia.

son as missionary to York and Carlisle. Here, in 1772, he married a daughter of captain Robert Callender, a woman of great domestic worth, and a faithful and affectionate wife. The salary which Dr. Andrews received as missionary to this place, proving inadequate to the support of his family, he accepted an invitation to Queen Anne's county, Maryland, and carried with him thither the affectionate regret of his parishioners and neighbours, to whom he had endeared himself by a faithful discharge of his pastoral duties, and by the urbanity and benevolence which characterized his intercourse with the world. He was appointed by the governor of the then province of Maryland rector of St. John's parish, Queen Anne's, and resided there in that capacity until some time after the declaration of independence. At the beginning of the important contest which led to this measure, Dr. Andrews was among those who thought and declared that the right of taxation assumed by Great Britain could not be defended on constitutional principles, and this opinion he uniformly maintained. A conscientious abhorrence of civil war, however, and a distrust of the ability of this country to engage in hostilities, on such apparently unequal terms, with a reasonable prospect of success, induced Dr. Andrews, with some of the best men of those times, to endeavour to confine opposition within the limits of constitutional allegiance. In this they erred, perhaps, but it was on the side of prudence, and consistently with their views of the welfare and happiness of their country, however, in this instance they may have been mistaken. Dr. Andrews always set his face against faction and turbulence, and was at all times opposed to political persecution; but no man was a warmer friend to genuine liberty, or a more strenuous supporter and asserter of the independence of his country and her just rights, against the encroachments of every nation.†

* Mrs. Andrews died on the 22d. of February, 1798. Her death was occasioned by the shock which her affection suffered in the death of a son, caused by fire, and her consequent grief. Dr. Andrews suffered much from the recollection of this sad event. He often spoke of it, and never without

tears.

In his lectures on politics, he has recommended and illustrated with great force and ability, the Federal Constitution, of which, and the administration of it by general Washington, he was a sincere and ardent admirer.

For the reasons just mentioned, he delayed for some time to take the oath of abjuration until he found there was a determined resolution and an ability to maintain the independence which had been declared; and even afterwards he warmly disapproved of the severity with which the loyalists were treated, and of many of the public measures. His residence in Maryland being rendered unpleasant by the heat of party spirit, he returned to Yorktown, and opened a Greek and Latin school there. His known talents and acquirements soon attracted a sufficient number of scholars, most of whom were the children and wards of his former parishioners and neighbours in Queen Anne's. Such were their affection and respect for the man, notwithstanding the political differences which had induced him to withdraw from them. His school flourished, and many of his scholars rose afterward to distinction; some of them to eminence in life: all of them have ever spoken of him with the greatest reverence and affection. was little disposed to conceal, still less to disguise his opinions in relation to the manner of conducting the pending controversy, and they were consequently generally known. Yet such were the ingenuousness and integrity of his character, and so great the respect in which he was held, that he was never molested by popular violence and persecution at a season when others experienced them in all their bitterness. He was at this time a member of a literary club, in which he associated with many gentlemen who took an active and conspicuous part in the war against Great Britain; but his intercourse with them was intimate and harmonious. During his residence at York, the unfortunate major Andre having been captured, was ordered thither on his parole, and remained a prisoner of war until he was exchanged. Dr. Andrews soon became acquainted with his amiableness and accomplishments, and delighted to dwell on

He

Among others, may be mentioned Dr. Benjamin Smith Barton, the professor of Natural History and of Botany, and of Materia Medica, in the University of Pennsylvania. The Dr. speaking of Dr. Andrews, on a late occasion, said, " As for myself, I shall ever look with unaffected pleasure upon that period of my age, when I first imbibed a love and knowledge of the Roman and Greek authors, under the direction of a teacher, than whom no one, perhaps, in America, had studied their merits and their beauties with a more critical attention."

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them, while he was lamenting the unfortunate and unworthy enterprise which proved fatal to his life. Andre shared liberally at York in the hospitality of Dr. A's house-and often met there some of the warmest whigs of the day. Their intercourse was so managed by their benevolent host, as to assuage the feelings of enmity, and smooth the asperity of political animosity.

After some years residence at Yorktown, he again removed to Maryland, and took charge of the parish of St. Thomas, at Garrison Forest, where he remained until his final removal to this city.

In the year 1785, the academy of the protestant episcopal church in this city was established. The peculiar circumstances which gave occasion to the establishment of this academy, rendered it indispensable that a gentleman should be found to preside over it, who would combine great weight and respectability of character, with distinguished talents and learning, and skill and experience in giving instruction. Dr. Andrews was soon selected as the person qualified in all respects for the situation; and having accepted the unanimous invitation of the trustees, he came to this city in May, 1785, and immediately entered on the duties of his appointment. The most sanguine expectations had been entertained of the success and usefulness of this academy under his direction: they were not disappointed. The schools were filled with scholars, and no elementary insti tution in the United States has ever deserved or acquired a higher reputation.*

At length, in the year 1789, the legislature having restored to the former trustees of the college, academy, and charitable schools of Philadelphia their corporate character, and the estate of which they had been deprived in 1779, the continuance of the

* During the absence of the Reverend Dr. White, for the purpose of receiving episcopal consecration, from November 1786 to the succeeding April, Dr. Andrews officiated for him in the united churches of Christ church and St. Peter's, in this city, very greatly to the satisfaction of the members of these churches. He was also, for several years rector of St. James's at Bristol, and regularly officiated there.-The nervous disease, by which he was afflicted, rendered him altogether unable to officiate for many years before his death.

Protestant Episcopal Academy was considered as of secondary importance, and Dr. Andrews was persuaded to exchange his situation in the latter for the professorship of humanity in the former seminary. To his reputation, in a very great degree, may be attributed the success of the college and academy, in the struggle which ensued with its rival institution, the University of the state of Pennsylvania. In September 1791, on the petition of the trustees of both institutions, they were united under the corporate title of "The University of Pennsylvania," and Dr. A. was, soon afterwards, elected vice provost thereof, with the duties of the professorship of moral philosophy and instruction in the higher classics.

Having continued in this situation more than twenty years, and performed the duties of it with unwearied assiduity, and acknowledged ability, in December 1810 he was elected, unanimously, to the office of provost, which had become vacant by the resignation of Dr. M'Dowell. But his constitution, otherwise robust, had already begun to yield to the nervous disease, which, inherited from his father, had afflicted him more and more from his childhood. No doubt, too, the sedentary habits which his official duties had imposed upon him, produced injurious effects. He was the first to perceive and to speak of the decline of his health; yet such were his fortitude and equanimity, that his cheerfulness remained unimpaired. He often remarked to his friends that the natural ruddiness of his complexion, and the liveliness of his disposition, would probably accompany him to the verge of the grave, and that he should almost arrive there before they apprehended him to be in danger. His prediction was verified. In the early part of the summer of 1812, he was attacked with a vertigo, and symptoms of disease which his physicians thought indications of water on the chest. His general debility and great difficulty of breathing, scarcely admitted of his presiding at the commencement of graduates in the arts in July of that year,

*He often spoke of his death as an event which must soon happen, and of which he felt no terror.-It was particularly the subject of his conversation at the house of Dr. Chandler, a connexion by marriage, on the Saturday preceding his death. He mentioned it with great composure and becoming seriousness.