The New Civics: A Textbook for Secondary Schools

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Macmillan, 1921 - 420 頁

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Why Rights are protected by Negative Means II
11
Some Rights that we have in dealing with Other Individuals
12
Rights against the Governments
13
Summary of Rights
14
SOME CIVIC OBLIGATIONS 16 The Connection between Interests and both Rights and Obligations
15
Some Other Public Obligations
16
Duties to Other Individuals
17
Social Criminals
18
SECTION CHAPTER II
21
What Kind of Education does a Citizen need?
22
Selfeducation as the Only True Education
23
Why Public Education must be not only Free but Universal
24
PREPARATION FOR LIFE AND CITIZENSHIP 25 Training in Citizenship in the School
25
Degrees of Selfgovernment in Different Schools
26
The Honor System
27
The Citizen in Business PAGE 21 22
28
FOUNDATIONS AND EFFECTS OF GOOD CITIZENSHIP 29 Character as the Basis of Citizenship
30
Knowledge and Ability
31
Patriotism and Peace
33
CHAPTER III
37
Commercial Areas
38
Agricultural Areas
39
Minerals and Water Power 38 Geography and the Future of the American People
41
THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES 39 Population Past and Present
42
Distribution of Population Geographically
43
Distribution of Population Industrially 42 Distribution of Population by Races
44
Original Racial Elements
45
Early Nineteenth Century Immigration
46
Recent Immigration
48
Economic Effects of Immigration
49
CHAPTER IV
56
Social Control
62
The Departments of Government
68
Enterprise private
71
Production and Distribution
75
Marriage in the Past
80
THE HOUSEHOLD AS AN ECONOMIC UNIT
86
CHAPTER VI
97
The People and the Parties in Nominations
105
Holding an Election
106
The Short Ballot
107
Who May Vote
108
IOI Woman Suffrage
109
Problems of Elections
110
Efforts made to guard the Purity of Elections III
111
Responsibility and Removal of Elected Officials
112
CHAPTER VII
115
The Permanent Party Committees
116
The Parties and Public Office
117
Bosses and Rings
118
The Voter and Political Parties
119
THE APPOINTMENT OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS III Appointments and Removals I 20
120
The Spoils System
121
Development of Civil Service Reform
122
The Problem of Civil Service Public Control and Good Government
123
THE INITIATIVE Referendum AND RECALL 116 Direct Legislation the Initiative
125
The Referendum
126
Use of Direct Legislation
127
Advantages of Direct Legislation
128
The Recall
129
w w w c
131
CHAPTER VIII
133
OUR AMERICAN BILLS OF RIGHTS 123 Constitutional Protection through Bills of Rights
134
Freedom of Speech Press and Petition
135
Freedom of Thought
136
Constitutional Rights of a Person Accused of Crime
137
SAFEGUARDING OF MODERN SOCIAL RIGHTS 127 Freedom of Action
138
Rights of Workers and of Women
139
Safeguarding of Savings and Homesteads
140
Protection of Health and Life
141
The New Social Constitution
142
ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 132 Our System of Courts
143
Use of the Jury System
144
Advantages of Jury Trial 135 Disadvantages of Jury Trial
145
Failures in the Administration of American Justice
146
The Necessity for an Upright Judiciary in a Republic
147
PUNISHMENT OF OFFENDERS 138 Enforcement of
148
Punishment of Adult Criminals
149
Prison Reform
150
Reform Schools
151
Juvenile Courts
152
CHAPTER IX
157
Private Property as a Social Institution
159
Protection and Taxation of Private Property
160
Taking Private Property for Public
161
Characteristics of a Good Tax 159 160 161
162
NATIONAL TAXES 148 Financial Powers of Congress under the Constitution 149 Duties on Imported Goods 150 Internal Revenue
163
SECTION PAGE 151 Income Taxes
165
Miscellaneous National Taxes
166
The Management of National Finances
167
38
168
Corporation Taxes
169
Inheritance Taxes
170
CHAPTER X
174
The Municipal Charter
175
Three Types of City Government at Present
176
The Mayor
177
Commission Government
178
Merits of Commission Government
179
GENERAL PROBLEMS OF CITY GOVERNMENT 166 The Problem of Functions
180
Administrative Departments
181
Municipal Elections
182
Municipal Finances
183
WELFARE PROBLEMS 170 The Housing Problem
184
Fire Protection
186
City Parks
188
Municipal Playgrounds
189
Failures of American Cities
190
Municipal Reform
191
Conditions Affecting the Problem
192
The Question of Franchises
193
SECTION PAGE 180 The Water Supply
194
Gas and Electricity
195
Telephone Service
197
39
199
41
201
CHAPTER XI
203
Counties and County Boards
204
Other County Officials
205
The American Township
206
Work of Rural Local Government
207
THE STATE LEGISLATURE 190 Importance of the Legislature
208
Organization of the State Legislature
209
Limitations on the Legislature
210
STATE ADMINISTRATION AND COURTS 195 The State Governor
211
Powers of the Governor
213
Organization of the State Administration
214
The State Courts
215
The Constitutional Convention
226
Work of the Convention
227
Adoption of the Constitution
228
THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS 210 Need of Amendment 211 The National Bill of Rights
229
The War Amendments
230
Recent Amendments
231
THE WRITTEN AND UNWRITTEN CONSTITUTIONS 214 What the Unwritten Constitution is Like
232
Powers of Congress
233
The Presidency
234
The National Courts
235
THE NATION AND THE STATES 218 Classes of Governmental Powers
236
Relation of the State and National Constitutions 221 Unity of Our Federal System
237
CHAPTER XIII
241
Sessions and Organization of Congress
242
Special Characteristics of the Senate
243
Special Characteristics of the House of Representatives 226 The Committee System
245
A Bill in the First House
246
Later Stages of Lawmaking
247
THE PRESIDENT 229 The Presidents Position
248
Election of the President
249
Presidential Term and Succession
251
General Powers of the President
252
The Power of Appointment
254
THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS 234 The Presidents Cabinet
255
The Heads of the Executive Departments PAGE
256
The Original Departments PAGE
257
Departments Added during the Early Years of the Republic
258
Recently Organized Departments
259
THE NATIONAL JUDICIARY 239 The Work of the Judicial Department
260
Judges and Jurisdiction
261
The Separate Courts
262
261
264
PART III
267
CHAPTER XIV
269
The State System of Education 244 State Colleges and Universities
270
Grammar and High Schools
272
School Finances
273
Wider Uses of the School Plant
274
Public Libraries
275
Causes of Poverty 250 The Problem of Charity
277
280
279
Care of the Insane
280
Indoor and Outdoor Relief
281
Other Forms of Charity
282
Conservation of Human Life HEALTH AND GENERAL WELFARE
283
General Health Regulations 257 Disposal of Waste
284
Pure Milk and Meats
285
Pure Food Laws
286
42
289
LABOR AND INDUSTRY 261 The Laborer His Labor and His Wage
291
WOMAN AND CHILD LABOR 262 Extent and Effects of Child Labor
293
Public Regulation of Child Labor
294
Women as Wage Earners
295
Conditions and Hours of Womans Labor
296
Minimum Wage Regulations
297
EMPLOYER EMPLOYEE AND THE PUBLIC 267 Industrial Accidents 268 Employers Liability
298
Workmens Compensation
299
The Problem of Unemployment
300
Some Aspects of Industrial Warfare
302
Conciliation and Arbitration
303
THE PROMOTION OF INDUSTRY 273 Government in Its Relation to Business
305
Protection and Organization of Industry
306
Successive Forms of Business Combination
307
Advantages and Evils of Combination
308
THE CONTROL OF INDUSTRY 277 The Problem of Corporation Control
309
State Antitrust Laws
310
The Sherman Antitrust Law of 1890
311
Recent Application of the Sherman Antitrust Act 281 The Clayton
312
The Federal Trade Commission
313
226
315
CHAPTER XVI
318
284
319
286
321
Railway Problems and the Public
322
CONTROL OF RAILWAYS 288 State Control of Railways
324
The First Interstate Commerce Commission
325
The Present Interstate Commerce Commission
326
PAGE 291
327
FOREIGN COMMERCE 292 The Government and Foreign Commerce
328
293
329
294
330
295
331
296
332
297
336
299
338
300
339
The Federal Reserve System
340
302
342
303
344
Newer Postal Work
345
305
346
306
348
307
349
308
350
309
353
310
354
Government of Organized Territories
355
313
356
OUR POLICY REGARDING AGRICULTURAL LANDS 314 Public Land Policy in the Past
357
Agricultural and Grazing Lands
358
The Irrigation Law of 1902
359
Significance of Agricultural Land Policy
360
318
361
319
362
Water Conservation and Water Power 320 Inland Waterways
363
321
364
227
366
CHAPTER XIX
367
The Monroe Doctrine
368
The Making of Treaties
370
NATIONAL DEFENSE 327 The Need of Preparedness 328 The Army 329 The Militia
371
Naval Defense
373
Coast Defense 332 Pension Legislation
376
The Problem of Military Preparedness
377
Real Preparedness
378
APPENDIX
383
A The Constitution of the United States
390
B Area and Population of the States
401
Summaries on Citizenship and Government
402
44
409
235
411
358
412
47
414
249
415
251
416
255
417
256
418
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第 392 頁 - ... 3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the congress may by law have directed.
第 388 頁 - Person. [2] The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. [3] No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. [4] No Capitation, or other direct, tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken.
第 390 頁 - The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before he enter on the execution of his office he shall take the following oath or affirmation...
第 390 頁 - The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes ; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.
第 384 頁 - Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New- York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia...
第 393 頁 - New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.
第 384 頁 - Vacancies. 3. No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. 4. The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.
第 385 頁 - ... Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members ; and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide.
第 387 頁 - Nations; [11] To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; [12] To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; [13] To provide and maintain a Navy...
第 385 頁 - Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy ; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.

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