SELECT COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION-ROUTES
TO THE SEABOARD,

WITH

APPENDIX AND EVIDENCE.

APRIL 24, 1874.-Ordered to be printed.

WASHINGTON:

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1874.

1. INTRODUCTORY

CONTENTS.

2. PRODUCTION; HOME CONSUMPTION AND FOREIGN EXPORTA-

TION; FREIGHTS AND PRICES; THE COURSE OF TRADE;

FOREIGN MARKETS..

A. PRODUCTION OF CEREALS IN THE UNITED STATES.

B. HOME CONSUMPTION AND FOREIGN EXPORTATION

C. FREIGHTS AND PRICES.

D. THE COURSE OF TRADE.

a. The general movement of grain from the West to the seaboard...

b. The eastward movement of grain by the various lines of transport.............

c. The interior distribution of grain between the western borders of the

Atlantic States and the seaboard....

d. The shipment of grain from the Western States to Montreal and to New

York..

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e. The movement of grain from the Western States to the Gulf States...

f. The exportation of grain from ports of the United States to foreign

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countries

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E. FOREIGN MARKETS

3. ACTUAL COMPETITION BETWEEN WATER AND RAIL TRANSPORT.

A. COMPETITION BETWEEN THE LAKES AND RAILWAYS.....

B. COMPETITION BETWEEN THE ERIE CANAL AND PARALLEL RAILWAYS:.

C. RELATIVE COST OF TRANSPORT BY WATER AND BY RAIL IN VARIOUS

PARTS OF THE COUNTRY AND UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF

WATER-CARRIAGE..

4. DEFECTS AND ABUSES OF EXISTING SYSTEMS OF TRANSPORTA-

TION...

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65

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5. THE CONSTITUTIONAL POWER OF CONGRESS TO REGULATE

COMMERCE AMONG THE SEVERAL STATES

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A. THE POWERS OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT DERIVED DIRECTLY

FROM THE PEOPLE.

81

B. THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE POWERS GRANTED BY THE PEOPLE

TO CONGRESS

82

C. RULE BY WHICH THIS POWER IS TO BE CONSTRUED.

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D. JUDICIAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE WORDS "POWER TO REGULATE COM-

MERCE AMONG THE SEVERAL STATES"

E. THIS POWER EXTENDS TO LAND AS WELL AS TO WATER

F. "THE POWER TO REGULATE" INCLUDES THE POWER TO FACILITATE

AS WELL AS TO DISBURDEN COMMERCE.

G. ACTS OF CONGRESS REGULATING RAILWAYS.

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کو

H. STATE CHARTERS DO NOT INTERFERE WITH THE EXERCISE OF THIS

POWER...

J. THE GRANT OF AUXILIARY POWERS CONFERS UPON CONGRESS A CHOICE

OF MEANS, AND DOES NOT CONFINE IT TO SUCH MEANS AS ARE IN-

DISPENSABLY NECESSARY

Page.

93

95

K. THE DEGREE OF NECESSITY FOR THE EMPLOYMENT OF ANY PARTICU-

LAR MEANS WILL NOT BE INQUIRED INTO BY THE COURTS, BUT MUST

BE LEFT TO THE DISCRETION OF CONGRESS.

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L. POWER TO APPROPRIATE MONEY FOR INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS

M. POWER TO INCORPORATE A COMPANY FOR THE PURPOSE OF CON-

STRUCTING A RAILWAY OR ČANAL.

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N. NATIONAL RIGHT OF EMINENT DOMAIN WITHIN A STATE..

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6. COMPETITION BETWEEN RAILWAYS AND ITS PROMOTION BY

THE CONSTRUCTION OF ADDITIONAL LINES.

109

B. RATES TO BE FIXED BY RELATION TO COST AND PROFIT ON CAPITAL.

C. IMMEDIATE REDUCTION OF RATES AND FARES

130

131

G. DIVISION OF PROFITS BEYOND A CERTAIN LIMIT BETWEEN COMPANIES

AND THE PUBLIC..

135

H. INTERCHANGE OF TRAFFIC, THROUGH-RATES, AND RUNNING POWERS..

J. PUBLICATION OF RATES-

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137

K. COMBINATIONS AND CONSOLIDATIONS WITH COMPETING LINES TO BE

PROHIBITED

138

L. RAILWAY COMPANIES TO BE REQUIRED TO RECEIPT FOR QUANTITY,

AND TO ACCOUNT FOR THE SAME AT ITS DESTINATION.

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8. INDIRECT REGULATION AND REDUCTION OF CHARGES THROUGH

THE AGENCY OF ONE OR MORE RAILWAY-LINES TO BE

OWNED OR CONTROLLED BY THE GOVERNMENT.

A. A MIXED BUSINESS INCREASES COST OF TRANSPORT..

B. CAPACITY OF A DOUBLE-TRACK FREIGHT-RAILWAY

a. Economical results to be anticipated..

b. Expenses and earnings compared..

c. Advantages and disadvantages, both political and economic-

A. THE NORTHERN LAKE AND CANAL ROUTE, EMBRACING THE LAKES AND

THE NEW YORK AND CANADIAN CANALS

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a. The Welland Canal and Saint Lawrence route.

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