Whigs from the early years of the Revolution, and Fox's gradual departure from all the principles of English policy and wisdom". 9. Mr. Perceval. Spencer Perceval (1762-1812) succeeded the Duke of Portland as Prime Minister, 1809; assassinated, 1812.

F. N. For this quotation see The Friend (1818), 'On the Principles of Political Knowledge,' § 1, Essay 5. (First printed in The Friend, 1809, No. 10.)

PAGE 145 1. 2. after that paper was transferred. Stuart sold the Morning Post in 1802, and took over the Courier in 1803. Coleridge's last recorded contribution to the Morning Post is dated Nov. 5, 1802. For his connexion with the Courier see note to Biog. Lit. i. 38, 1. 10.

5. Things of this nature, &c. From the Prologue to The Royal Slave, by William Cartwright (1611-43).

9. Yet in these labours I employed. The controversy to which Coleridge's statements in the Biog. Lit. and T. T. (first edition), respecting his connexion with the Morning Post and the Courier, gave rise, is too complicated to be dealt with in these notes. The reader should consult the Life, pp. 107-9; the Gentleman's Magazine for May and June, 1838, where Stuart gives his own version of the matter: Biog. Lit. 1847, Introduction p. iv, and Biogr. Suppl. ch. v.

15. I was never honoured, &c. In a long and interesting letter to Daniel Stuart of September, 1814 (Letters, p. 627), dealing with his fortunes as a journalist, Coleridge draws a pathetic picture of himself, 'Unthanked and left worse than useless, by the friends of the Government, and the Establishment, to be undermined or outraged by all the malice, hatred, and calumny of its enemies and to think and toil with a patent to all the abuse, and a transfer to others of all the honours.'

19. Mr. Fox's assertion. According to Sara Coleridge (Biog. Lit. 1847, i. 340) 'it is certain that some orator of the Opposition (Charles Fox, as Coleridge asserts) had pointed out all the principal writers in the Morning Post to Napoleon's vengeance, by describing the war as a war "of that journal's creation". I do not know that this Parliamentary allusion is anywhere on actual record.

23. a specified object of Buonaparte's resentment. Coleridge's various reported accounts of the circumstances attending his departure from Rome and Italy in 1806 (Gillman, Life, pp. 17981: Cottle, Rem., pp. 310-13: Caroline Fox's Journals, p. 64) are not wholly consistent, but they agree in this, that he was warned to leave Italy as soon as possible, as Napoleon had ordered his arrest on account of the articles written in the Morning Post (Life, p. 151). A similar statement is contained in a footnote to a title-page of a proposed reprint of newspaper articles, quoted in Letters, p. 498 On this Mr. E. H. Coleridge (ib.) thus comments: 'It is

f. n.

a well-known fact that Napoleon read the articles in the Morning Post, and deeply resented their tone and spirit, but whether Coleridge was rightly informed that an order for his arrest had come from Paris, or whether he was warned that if, with other Englishmen, he should be arrested, his connexion with the Morning Post would come to light, must remain doubtful.' Napoleon's fear of the English Press is illustrated by his courteous behaviour to an otherwise insignificant English journalist (see Biog. Lit. 1847, i. 341).

29. by Cardinal Fesch himself. Cardinal Fesch (1763–1839), Archbishop of Lyons, was sent as ambassador to Rome in connexion with Napoleon's project to be crowned by the Pope at Paris. Cottle (Rem., p. 310) tells us that 'Cardinal Fesch, in particular, was civil, and sought his (Coleridge's) company'. The hint of danger, however, was according to Cottle (ib.) given by no less a person than Jerome Buonaparte himself. But this, like many of Cottle's statements, must be accepted with reserve.

33. that good old man, the present Pope. See the statement quoted in the Letters, p. 498 f.n.: 'By the Pope's goodness I was off by one.'

PAGE 146 1. 1. Duc d'Enghien, a Bourbon, son of the Prince of Condé. Solely in order to strike a blow at the Bourbons, Napoleon caused him to be arrested, summarily tried, and shot (March 21, 1804).

7. my essays contributed to introduce, &c. Cp. letter to Daniel Stuart (Letters, p. 828): 'I dare assert, that the science of reasoning and judging concerning the productions of literature, the characters and measures of public men, and the events of nations, by the subsumption of them under PRINCIPLES deduced from the nature of MAN ... was unknown before the year 1795-6' (i. e. the year of Coleridge's entry into public life, the year of the Conciones and The Watchman).

In the

15. the merit of having first explicitly defined. Morning Post, Oct. 1802: Essays on His own Times, ii. 542. See note to Essay V, ‘On the Principles of Political Knowledge (The Friend, 1818: York, Library ed., p. 148), where Coleridge claims for his Morning Post article 'the first philosophical appropriation of a precise import to the word Jacobin, as distinct from Republican, Democrat and Demagogue'.

PAGE 147 I. 10. the series of essays entitled, &c. Published in the Morning Post, Sept. 21, 25, Oct. 2, 1802; Essays on His Own Times, ii. 505.

12. in those which followed. Morning Post, Oct. 12, 1802; Essays, &c., ii. 532.

The

17. at the commencement of the Spanish revolution. eight Letters on the Spaniards' appeared in the Courier of December-January, 1809-10, and were reprinted in Essays on His Own Times, ii. 593-661. See Letters, p. 629 and note, and

T. T., April 28, 1823, where the story is told of Lord Darnley's incredulity respecting the predictions made in these letters, and of his astonishment at their subsequent fulfilment.

27. if my own feelings had not precluded. Coleridge had at no time any intention of remaining at Malta. In the first instance he went out merely in the hope of freeing himself from ill-health and 'inward distractions'. His occupations in Malta he describes as a business he detested'; and before a year was out, he was chafing at the delays which kept him in Malta, though it was no happy home-coming to which he could look forward.

PAGE 148 1. 34. the compositions... I have made public. Coleridge is thinking of his writings in periodicals and journals-The Watchman, The Friend, the Courier and Morning Post, and the Lecture-Pamphlets of 1795.

PAGE 151 1. 9. Keen pangs of love, &c. From the poem To a Gentleman (William Wordsworth), l. 65-75, composed at Coleorton in January, 1807. The poem was sent in MS. to the Beaumonts, and afterwards printed in Sibylline Leaves, but with many alterations. See Poet. Works, pp. 177 and 634: Memorials of Coleorton, i. 216. The lines here printed stand as in the original.

23. Affectus animi varios, &c. From Petrarch's Epist., Lib.i. Barbato Salmonensi; Op. Basil. 1554, p. 1330 (ref. Biog. Lit. 1847). In the original four verses occur between 'Vox aliudque sonat' (which should be 'voxque aliud mutata sonat') and 'Jamque observatio vitae'. A portion of the same poem was prefixed as a motto to Love Poems in the Sibylline Leaves. See A. P., p. 262 and Editor's Note.

CHAPTER XI

PAGE 152 1. 1. the late Mr. Whitbread's. Samuel Whitbread (1758-1815), politician and philanthropist. He took an active part in the rebuilding and reorganizing of Drury Lane Theatre (reopened Oct. 10, 1812). See Biog. Lit. ii. 181.

He

9. Whitehead. The poet William Whitehead, 1714-85. was made laureate on the death of Cibber in 1757, and in this capacity wrote his humorous' Charge to the Poets' (1762).

17. With the exception of one extraordinary man. ? Robert Southey. See Biog. Lit. i. 47-8.

PAGE 153. 1. 5. one contradistinction of genius from talent. For another point of distinction see Biog. Lit. i. 59, and cp. T. T., May 21, 1830, and Lectures, p. 13 ('Talent was a manufacture: genius a gift which no labour or study could supply, &c.'), and p. 64. For the analogy of virtue and genius, cp. Coleridge's statement (A. P., 165),' when a mere stripling, I had formed the opinion that true taste was virtue, and that bad writing was bad feeling;' and

Lectures, p. 225 ('The close and reciprocal connection of taste and morality'). See, too, Prospectus to Friend (1809), 'the necessary dependence of taste on moral impulses and habits,' and Letters, p. 672.

22. Dear tranquil time, &c. From the poem To a Gentleman (William Wordsworth), l. 91-2.

PAGE 154 1. 15. Baxter. Richard Baxter (1615-91), the famous divine, besides being a voluminous writer, spent a life of the greatest activity as preacher, pastor, and reformer of the Church.

16. Darwin. Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802), poet and scientist: he also practised extensively as a physician at Lichfield.

Roscoe. William Roscoe (1753-1831), the historian, combined with his literary work the profession of an attorney, and afterwards of a banker.

27. Among the numerous blessings. The remainder of this paragraph, and the next as far as the words 'to withhold five', is, as Sara Coleridge (Biog. Lit. 1847, i. 233) points out, repeated in almost the same words in The Constitution of Church and State, 1830, the last of Coleridge's works published in his lifetime (see pp. 77-80 of the second ed., 1839).

PAGE 155 1. 1. the lofty grave tragedians taught, &c. Par. Reg. iv. 261.

25. It cannot be valued, &c. Job xxviii. 16-18.

PAGE 156 1. 17. Trullibers. The name is taken from Parson Trulliber, the unprincipled clergyman of Fielding's Joseph Andrews.

PAGE 157 1. 9. Et Pater Aeneas. Aeneid, iii. 343.

PAGE 158 1. 7. the Misogyne, Boccaccio. Opere Vulgari di G. Boccaccio, Firenze 1833, xv. 17-27 (see Biog. Lit. 1847, App. Note M., vol. i. p. 345).

16. spirits, not of health', &c.

Be thou a spirit of health, or goblin damned,

Bring with thee airs from Heaven or blasts from Hell, &c. Hamlet i. 4. 40.

PAGE 159 1. 22. an early chapter of this volume. See ch. ii, 'On the supposed irritability of men of genius.'

30. Am sorgfältigsten, &c. This passage in Herder I have not been able to trace. Herder spoke depreciatingly_of_the writer's profession to Schiller, when they first met in 1788 (Tomaschek, Schiller u. die Wissenschaft, p. 45).

CHAPTER XII

PAGE 160 1. II. until you understand, &c. Cp. note in A. P. of date April, 1801, where Coleridge writes in reference to G. Bruno's De Monade, &c.: 'Nor do I presume even to suppose that the

meaning is of no value (till I understand a man's ignorance, I presume myself ignorant of his understanding), but it is for others at present, not for me;' and Memorials of Coleorton, ii. 105 (Letter of Jan. 1810): 'It is a maxim with me, always to suppose myself ignorant of a writer's understanding, until I understand his ignorance.'

15. Hierocles, a Neoplatonist of the seventh century and commentator of Pythagoras.

17. a treatise of a religious fanatic. Jacob Boehme: see letter just quoted (1. 11), which deals with the Teutonic mystic, to whose 'ignorance' Coleridge conjectures that he has found a key.

PAGE 162 1. 33. if a man receives as fundamental facts. Cp. A. P. p. 185 (? 1806): 'Time, space, duration, action, active passion passive, activeness, passiveness, reaction, causation, affinity-here assemble all the mysteries unknown. All is known-unknown, say rather, merely known. All is unintelligible, and yet Locke and the stupid adorers of that fetish earth-clod take all for granted.'

PAGE 164 1. 21. The first range of hills, &c. On this elaborate metaphor Coleridge thus comments at a later date (April, 1825, quoted Biog. Lit. 1847, i. 247): 'If I did not see it with my own eyes, I should not believe that I had been guilty of so many hydrostatic Bulls as are contained in this unhappy allegory or string of metaphors! How a river was to travel up hill from a vale far inward, over the intervening mountains, Morpheus, the Dream weaver, can alone unriddle. I am ashamed and humbled, S. T. C.' Has not Coleridge misinterpreted his own figure?

F. N. This distinction between transcendental and transcendent. Johnson defines transcendent as 'supremely excellent'; transcendental as (1) general: pervading many particulars; (2) supremely excellent'. For Kant's distinction of the terms, see Werke, ed. Hartenstein, III. 246.

What these are... project was not fulfilled.

will be stated. in The Friend. This

PAGE 185 F. N. the correspondence between Wakefield and Fox. Correspondence of... G. W. (Gilbert Wakefield) with the . . . Right Hon. C. J. Fox. chiefly on subjects of classical literature, London, 1813.'

PAGE 166 1. 14. The same passage is quoted by Schelling, Werke, I. ii. 78.

19. Likewise in the fifth book, &c. The same passage (Ennead, V. 5. 8) is quoted A. P. p. 48 (Nov. 1810), as illustrating 'the System of the Quakers'.