lost sight of; for the allusions to him in the more important periodicals (such as the Edinburgh Review, the Quarterly, the British Critic, the Analytical Review) during these 'seventeen years' are neither frequent, nor (with one or two exceptions) of a specially abusive nature. But we may take the attack in the Beauties of the Anti-Jacobin, alluded to at the end of the chapter, as an illustration of the lengths to which critics in those days would go. See also a reference by Sara Coleridge (Biog. Lit. 1847, i. clxv) to an article in the Penny Cyclopaedia, which denied Coleridge any merits as a poet.

9. Elegant Extracts. A volume of Elegant Extracts in Poetry, selected for the improvement of Young Persons, was published in 1816. Šimilar selections, in prose and poetry, had been in vogue for many years.

Anas. A collection of the memorable sayings or table-talk of any one (New Eng. Dict. s. v.).

PAGE 35 1. 5. Averrhoe's catalogue. Averroes (1126-96) the Moslem philosopher, an ardent Aristotelian. A great part of his writings (of which the most important are the commentaries on Aristotle) were translated into very indifferent Latin, and of the commentaries upwards of a hundred editions were published between 1480 and 1580. The Catalogue of ' Anti-Mnemonics' I have not been able to trace.

18. for at least 17 years, &c. That is, from 1798, the year of the publication of the Lyrical Ballads, to 1815. Coleridge's association in the Lyrical Ballads was not suspected by its earliest critics. Since that date he had published only The Friend (1809-10) and Remorse (1812), both of which had been reviewed in not unfavourable terms (Eclectic Review, 1811; Quarterly, 1814). The worst charge which his reviewers brought against him was that of neglecting acknowledged powers.

PAGE 36 1. 6. I had excited, &c. The 'gentleman' spoken of in the footnote is Jeffrey, the editor of the Edinburgh Review. Jeffrey defended himself in a long note appended to the review of the Biog. Lit. (Edin. Rev., Aug. 1817). He shows that the second of Coleridge's charges-that relating to his criticism of English prose style-is entirely without foundation. Yet Coleridge repeated the charge many years afterwards to Allsop (Letters, &c., of S. T. Coleridge, ed. by T. Allsop, 1839, vol. ii, p. 113). The allusion to the School of whimsical and hypochondriacal poets', &c., I have not been able to trace in Jeffrey's reviews, and probably Coleridge's memory is here too at fault; but Jeffrey was conscious of having used language at least equally as strong as this (e. g. in his article on Burns, Edin. Rev., Jan. 1809). Sara Coleridge (Biog. Lit. 1847, i. cxlii) declares that her father entertained Jeffrey at Stowey, and (she believes) at Keswick, with 'frank hospitality'. See Biog. Lit. ii. 211, and note. Jeffrey paid

his visit to the Lakes in 1810. In the footnote alluded to he makes light of the hospitality then shown him.

PAGE 38 1. 10. My different essays on subjects of national interest. Coleridge contributed to the Morning Post in the winter of 1799-1800, and the autumns of 1801 and 1802. For the Courier he did not, according to Stuart, write till the autumn of 1809; there is however evidence of earlier contributions (see Gentleman's Magazine, May, 1838; Life, pp. 142, 145, 168). His principal contribution was the series of letters On the Spaniards sent from Grasmere in 1810. In 1811 he worked on the staff both as sub-editor and contributor, but broke off his connexion in that year and did not renew it until 1817. His contributions to these newspapers were collected and published by Sara Coleridge in 1850, under the title Essays on his own times, being a second series of The Friend. (See Biog. Lit. i. 141 ff.; Life, passim.)

12. my courses of lectures on the principles of criticism, &c. Coleridge delivered courses of lectures in 1808 (London), 1811-12 (London), 1812 (two courses, London), 1813-14 (two or more, Bristol), and 1818-19 (two courses, London). In several of the courses Shakespeare or Milton, or Shakespeare and Milton, was announced as the subject: probably there were none (except those on the History of Philosophy in 1818) which did not include criticism of these poets.

14. constitute my whole publicity. It is strange that Coleridge omits all mention of the Conciones ad Populum (1795), The Watchman (1795) and The Friend (1809-10).

24. I changed my plan, &c. This statement does not seem to be confirmed by the facts. In the courses both of 1808 and 181112, Coleridge's criticisms included living authors, whereas in neither of the courses of 1812 did he even propose (according to the prospectus) to deal with modern poetry (cp. Knight's Life of W. Wordsworth, ii. 100; Byron, Life and Letters, ed. T. Moore, 1832, ii. 95, 98).

32. Harrington, apparently James Harrington (1611–77), political theorist, and author of The Commonwealth of the Oceana (1656), a book long famous and noticed by Hume in his essays as 'the only valuable model of a commonwealth' extant (ref. Biog. Lit. 1847). Cp. A. P. Oct. 5, 1804 (p. 79): 'The really good praises of the unworthy are felt by a good man and man of genius, as detractions from the worthy, and robberies--so the flashy moderns seem to rob the ancients of the honours due to them, and Bacon and Harrington are not read because Hume and Condillac are? PAGE 39 1. 19. I was in habits of intimacy, &c. Cp. A. P. 1810 (p. 221) (on the Edin. Review): In vain should I tell my critics that... on seeing my own name in their abuse, I regard it only as a symbol of Wordsworth and Southey, and that I am well aware that from utter disregard and oblivion of anything and all things

which they know of me by experience, my name is only mentioned because they have heard that I was Wordsworth's and Southey's friend.'

27. his earlier publications. The Poems published with Mr. Lovell were issued in 1795, Joan of Arc in 1796, and the 'two volumes under his own name' in 1797.

PAGE 40 1. 10. the admirable dialogue de Causis Corruptae Eloquentiae'. The dialogue known as De Oratoribus, and originally ascribed to Tacitus, was in the sixteenth century identified by Lipsius with Quintilian's lost dialogue De Causis Corruptae Eloquentiae. This view of its authorship was maintained during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but from the beginning of the nineteenth there has been a reaction in favour of Tacitus. See Peterson's edition (Oxford, 1893), Introduction. This dialogue is referred to in Satyrane's Letters (Biog. Lit. ii. 149).

II. Strada's Prolusions. Famianus Strada (1572-1649), Jesuit preacher and historian, best known for his work on the war between Spain and the Netherlands (pub. 1632-47). His Prolusiones et Paradeigmata Eloquentiae (1617) are essays on literary style, illustrated from the writers of antiquity, the historians in particular. An imitation of Claudian which occurs in one of the essays under the title of The Muses' Duel, has been translated into English by Crashaw, Hinton, and by a 'third hand' (in 1671).

16. agreed far more with Warton than with Johnson. The critical writings of both Joseph and Thomas Warton show a reaction in favour of the Elizabethan as opposed to the classical' taste. See (e. g.) J. Warton's Essay on Pope, and T. Warton's History of English Poetry, which was a powerful instrument in re-awakening interest in earlier English literature. Dr. Johnson condemned the imitations of Milton and Spenser in T. Warton's poetry, as

Phrase that time hath flung away,
Uncouth words in disarray

Tucked in antique ruff and bonnet,
Ode and elegy and sonnet.

18. of the same mind with Sir Philip Sidney. Cp. Sidney's Defense of Poesie, ‘I never heard the old song of Percie and Douglas that I found not my heart moved as with a trumpet, and yet it was but sung by some blind crowder with no rougher voice than rude style' (ref. Biog. Lit. 1847).

21. his works, published since then. Southey's Thalaba was published in 1801; Madoc, in 1805; The Curse of Kehama in 1810; and Roderick in 1814. The chief accusation brought against his poetry in the Edin. Review was that of 'childish affectation'. Thus Madoc is termed an 'affectation of infantine simplicity'. Further, Southey's faults are often created by partiality for the peculiar manner of that new school of poetry, of which he is a faithful disciple'. (The italics are my own.) See Edin. Review,

Oct. 1802, Oct. 1805, Oct. 1807, Feb. 1811, &c. Life and Correspondence of R. S., iii. 51, 124, 275.

PAGE 41 1. 11. the words of Jeremy Taylor. I cannot trace this quotation.

16. From the lofty address of Bacon. See Novum Organum, ed. T. Fowler, p. 157:-' Franciscus de Verulamio sic cogitavit; talemque apud se rationem instituit, quam viventibus et posteris notam fieri ipsorum interesse putavit' (ref. Biog. Lit. 1847). The sentence in our text beginning with these words ('from the lofty', &c.) has, in the original edition of the Biog. Lit., no conclusion. The words following the quotation from Pindar ('there was a gradual sinking', &c.) were added by the editors of the second edition.

PAGE 42 1. 2. all men being supposed able to read. Cp. Southey's complaint (Letter to J. Rickman, Mch. 1804) that 'everybody is a critic, that is, every reader imagines himself superior to the author, and reads his book that he may censure it, not that he may profit by it'. (Southey's Life and Correspondence, ii. 277.)

II. St. Nepomuc. St. John of Nepomuc (1330-1383), patron saint of Bohemia, and Canon of the metropolitan chapter of Prague. The enmity of the Emperor Wenceslaus (the causes of which are disputed) led to his persecution, and finally to his death by drowning in the Moldau. The story alluded to in the text is told in J. P. Richter's Blumen-, Frucht- u. Dornenstücke, Nr. v (ref. Biog. Lit. 1847).

13. St. Cecilia. Her position as patron saint of music is generally ascribed to the fact that 'in singing the praises of the Lord, she often joined instrument to vocal music. I do not know from what source Coleridge's account of the legend is drawn. Another version is given by Herder ('Caecilia,' Werke, ed. Suphan, v. 253), who bases the tradition on a monkish misinterpretation of the Latin in the Acta Caeciliae.

21. the unique 'Cid'. Southey's Cid (1808) consists of a translation of the Spanish Cronica del Cid (thirteenth century), enriched with incidents and descriptions borrowed from the Poem of the Cid (twelfth century) and the ballads of which the 'Cid' is the hero. The same subject had already attracted Herder in Germany. (See Life and Correspondence of R. S., vol. iii, ch. xiii and xiv.)

PAGE 43 1. 1. half a dozen or more playful poems. Such are the 'Devil's Thoughts' written in conjunction with Coleridge, and published with additions as The Devil's Walk in Southey's Collected Poetical Works, the Nondescripts, Gooseberry Pie, &c. All these pieces were written before 1800.

25. I know nothing that surpasses the vileness, &c. This style of criticism is again animadverted on in ch. xxi, conclusion. Cp. A. P. 1803 (p. 30), on 'the head-dimming, heart-damping principle of judging a work by its defects, not its beauties'.

PAGE 44 1. 13. till... the reviewers support their decisions, &c. Cp. Coleridge's suggestions in ch. xxi, for the establishment of a review which should 'administer judgement according to a constitution and code of laws' grounded 'on the twofold basis of universal morals and philosophic reason'.

27. Haec ipsi novimus esse nihil. The motto prefixed by Southey, at Coleridge's suggestion, to his Minor Poems, 1815. Cp. letter to Southey, Dec. 1799 (Letters, p. 317), ‘On this I am decided, that all the light pieces should be put together under one title, with a motto thus: "Nos haec novimus esse nihil-Phillis amat Corylos".

30. the prudery of Spratt. Sprat, the biographer of Cowley, refused to publish his letters, on the ground that' Letters that pass between particular Friends, if they are written as they should be, can scarce ever be fit to see the light'. (See Life prefixed to Works, 1668.) Johnson remarks of this biography that 'Sprat's zeal of friendship, or ambition of eloquence, has produced a funeral oration rather than a history'. (Johnson, Lives of the Poets : Cowley.)

PAGE 45 1. 24. the articles of his composition in the reviews. Southey was invited by Jeffrey to contribute to the Edin. Review, but declined. When the Quarterly was established, chiefly through the efforts of Sir Walter Scott, in 1809, Southey was asked to write for it. He accordingly sent an article to the first number, and subsequently became a regular contributor, although he regretted the resemblance of the review in tone and temper to the Edinburgh. See Life and Correspondence of R. S., iii. 124, 222.

F. N. the articles on Methodism, &c. See the Quarterly Review, Nov. 1810, Art. xiii, On the Evangelical Sects; and Oct. 1811, Art. xv; Life and Correspondence of R. S., iii. 303, 319.

PAGE 46 1. 3. if we except the highest lyric... he has attempted cvery species successfully. Coleridge's privately expressed opinion of Southey's poetry was hardly so favourable. As early as 1796 (Letters, p. 210) he had criticized Joan of Arc unfavourably. To Payne Collier he said, in 1811 (Preface to Payne Collier's edition of the Lectures on Shakespeare (1859), pp. xxiv, xxv), that 'he looked upon the Curse of Kehama as a work of great talent, but not of much genius'; and to Crabb Robinson he declared (Diary, &c., MS. March 13, 1811), that 'he deemed him (Southey) not qualified to appreciate Spanish poetry. He was a jewel-setter'; and (Jan. 29, MS.) that neither Southey nor Scott were poets'. See, however, T. T., p. 338 (ed. 1858), for praise of The Curse of Kehama.

10. claims. Apparently a misprint for charms.

PAGE 47 1. 2. Publicly has Mr. Southey been reviled, &c. See reference to Anti-Jacobin at the end of this chapter. The tone of the criticisms in the Edin. Review (see previous note) hardly merits