operation in the building which was subsequently assigned to the Law Department. Between the years 1870 and 1880 the University made great progress. The

been. Others still live who have taken up the work and carried it bravely forward. In 1870, Chancellor Chauvenet died, and Dr. Eliot assumed the duties.

A Tide-marker in the Mississippi.

Polytechnic school was fully organized, with its technical

courses in civil, mechanical, and mining engineering, and in chemistry. The St. Louis Law School was fully organized and started on its most successful career. The Mary Institute was moved to a fine new building at Beaumont and Locust Streets. The Smith Academy was separated from the undergraduate department and placed by itself in an elegant building. The St. Louis School of Fine Arts was developed and given a home in the exquisite Museum of Fine Arts; and finally the Manual Training School was organized, and the foundations of its success were firmly laid. These great advances required large sums of money, and it is but justice to the memory of Wayman Crow, George Partridge, Hudson E. Bridge, Nathaniel Thayer of Massachusetts, the brothers James and William Smith, William Palm, Gottlieb Conzelman, Ralph Sellew, William Brown, and Dr. Eliot, to say that without them the University as it stands could never have

of both chancellor and president. In 1887, after fiftythree years of constant labor and devotion in the cause of higher education, pure religion, and good citizenship in the city of his adoption, he too, like a sheaf of ripened grain, was laid to rest. To no man more than to William Greenleaf Eliot

lic. The descendants of those early families are with few exceptions Catholics to-day. The Roman church is therefore unusually strong in St. Louis; it has wealth, style, and numbers. The Jesuit fathers founded St. Louis University in 1829, and the College of Christian Brothers dates from about 1850. Both institutions are largely patronized and occupy large and imposing buildings. They give no technical training, confining themselves to the "humanities" and to religious instruction. Convents are numerous in St. Louis and convent schools for girls have been very popular. There are about fifty Catholic churches in the city.

St. Louis has good public schools, and they are cheerfully and loyally supported. Their most remarkable feature is the forty-eight kindergartens established in all parts of the city as part of the system. Under what seems to some an unnecessary ruling, children are not admitted to the public schools until they are six years old; St. Louis, therefore, presents the striking anomaly of having proportionally more kindergartens, and less children in them of kindergarten age, than any other city. In consequence of the large number of parochial schools, Catholic and Lutheran, the enrolment of the public schools is from ten to fifteen thousand less than would be expected in a northern city. The High and Normal school contains between twelve thousand and thirteen thousand pupils, and an excellent corps of teachers; it is particularly strong in the affections of the people. The whole number of teachers now engaged is 1,254, and the enrolment of pupils is 59,700.

The city contains two libraries, besides those of the universities and special schools. The Mercantile, with seventyfive thousand books, is housed on the fifth floor of a fire-proof building; it is very accessible, and its admirable reading room is deservedly popular. New quarters are preparing for the Public Library, with its eighty thousand volumes, in the fine Public School building going up at Ninth and Locust Streets. Neither of these libraries is absolutely free, though the fees charged are small.

One ought not to look for highly developed society in a new town, which has grown up without inherited wealth. Culture in philosophy and art, even in the art of good living and social intercourse, depends chiefly on the ease and luxury which only wealth can bring. Men who are building up business in a new field and meeting, day by day, the imperative demands of a new community, have little. time or money for certain refinements which are matters of course in older cities. St. Louis is only now harvesting her first crop of millionnaires. Her men of wealth are just beginning to feel able to use their means to beautify, adorn, and enrich, not only private houses and grounds, but the institutions which give character and comeliness to the city. St. Louis may boast of no mean outlook. Its literary, æsthetic, scientific, and social clubs are numerous and strong.

Conspicuous among the influences leading to the study of philosophy and literature was the work and inspiring example of Dr. William T. Harris, now U. S. Commissioner of Education. For twenty years he was teacher and superintendent of our public schools, and since his retirement from that work he has contributed to the activity of clubs which he helped to organize. As would be expected, university and high school men have entered fully into the intellectual life of the city beyond the walls of their lecture rooms and laboratories. Some of the clergy have helped outside of their pulpits. One, a lover and creator of good literature, has for eight winters conducted a fortnightly class of some forty men and women in the study of literature. Browning, Emerson, Wordsworth, Homer, Shelley, Milton and Dante have in succession been the objects of systematic and careful reading. There are many similar clubs. The "Wednesday Club," consisting of over one hundred women, meets in its rented hall every two weeks and discusses literature and social science. The Artists' Guild numbers sixty members, enthusiastic painters, sculptors, musicians, and literateurs. Every season brings to the front several musical organizations with most excellent programs. The Germans are natural musicians and

patrons to build up an art centre and to develop great artists. There are doubtless art possibilities in every community, just as there are mute, inglorious Miltons," but it takes a power of some kind to draw them out. Home talent is usually at a discount, but St. Louis artists ought not to complain. The The School of Fine Arts has a reputation deservedly high, and it bears good fruit increasingly. The Crow Museum is filling with interesting treasures, some of great merit. Harriet Hosmer's "Enone" is a wonderfully beautiful statue. It is seen in one of our illustrations.

I now come to speak of the great activities which absorb the working strength and energies of our people. The situation of St. Louis, at the junction of two great rivers and at the head of deep water navigation, naturally suggests trade rather than manufacture, yet, even now, it is pre-eminently a manufacturing city. The reports of the tenth and eleventh censuses furnish

beyond all question that the city is rapidly becoming wealthy; that the people are turning from other pursuits to that of manufacture; that the natural wealth of Missouri is developing; and that our workmen are commanding higher wages.

In speaking of particular interests of St. Louis, I shall not hesitate to name certain corporations which are so connected with the growth and well-being of the city as to justify special mention. In every instance the facts I give have been

figures which indicate in a most emphatic manner the growth and tendency of the city in the direction of manufacture during the past ten years. I dare not quote those figures here they make they make a showing so extravagantly favorable as to suggest criticism. It is probable that the business statistics for 1880 and those for 1890 were compiled in very different ways, and that comparisons should be made with caution. It is, however, perfectly safe to say that, while the population of the city has been increasing 31.4 per cent, the capital invested in manufacture, the men employed, the wages paid, the raw materials used, and the annual product have increased in a much greater ratio. The figures show

of my own seeking. I only regret that I have not space for more.

Beer-brewing is an enormous interest in St. Louis, and I have every reason to believe that its beer is excellent. St. Louis has come honestly by this industry. Ever since the German invasion we have had plenty of Teutons who knew how to make beer. Then we have had in St. Louis and vicinity hundreds of thousands of Germans who were fond of drinking beer. Barley is grown in immense quantities on both sides of the Upper Mississippi. Add to these reasons the market in the south and west, and the ready means for export to foreign lands, and no further argument or explanation is needed.

The Anheuser-Busch Brewery is said to