truce which the Reis Effendi stated existed de facto on the part of the Turks towards the Greeks, in his address to the representatives of the allied powers in the Archipelago, dated the 10th of Sept. 1828.

At the same time the three allied courts having decided upon the step which they take in opening fresh negotiations at Constantinople, with the sole view of settling the fate of the Greeks, shall claim from the provisional government of Greece the cessation of hostilities on every point, and the return of the Greek troops within the line of the limits described in the foregoing proposition, without, however, any detriment to the future boundaries of Greece.

As soon as the preceding disposi. tions shall have been agreed to by the Porte, their execution shall be placed, conformably with the sixth article of the treaty of the 6th of July, under the guaranty of the three powers by whom the treaty was signed, and the rest will become the object of ampler stipulations between the three allied courts, as declared in the pre-recited article.

Let it be understood that from the present instant the guaranty of the Greek state now about to be formed is insured by the three powers against all hostile enterprise on the part of Turkey against the Greeks.

The ambassadors of France and England shall reject all dispositions which might militate against this fixed basis.

Although Russia, while adhering to these dispositions, be not represented at Constantinople by any individual invested with special pow. ers, it is understood that the negotia. tion will be carried on in her name

as in the name of France and Eng. land; that all the articles shall be debated and agreed to in common by the three courts, and that under no pretence whatever shall any thing be acceded to which might tend to exclude Russia from the negotiation or its results.

The ambassadors of France and England shall employ every means in their power to attain, in the shortest period possible, the acces. sion of the Porte to the propositions which they are authorized to make to her. They will require from the Ottoman government a prompt and decisive answer.

The official documents, to which the present negotiation may give rise, shall be drawn up in common by the two ambassadors in the name of the three powers; a triple copy shall be signed, and one shall be forwarded to each of the contracting parties.

The basis of the present protocol shall serve as instructions for the two ambassadors in their negotia. tions which they are to open with the Porte.

The plenipotentiary of his ma. jesty the emperor of Russia has formally declared, on the part of his sovereign, that he has been authori. zed to negotiate with the Turkish go. vernment on all the points making part of the present protocol, and the plenipotentiaries of England and France have announced that in order to attain the end in view, the repre. sentatives of their courts at the Ot. toman Porte considered themselves authorized to negociate, without any other formalities, in the name of his majesty the emperor of Russia, as in the names of their respective sovereigns, and will for that purpose immediately repair to Constantino.

TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY.

In the name of God Almighty!— His imperial majesty, the most high and most mighty emperor and autocrat of all the Russias, and his highness the most high and most mighty emperor of the Ottomans, animated with an equal desire to put an end to the calamities of war, and to establish, on a solid and immutable basis, peace, friend. ship, and good harmony between their empires, have resolved, with a common accord, to intrust this salutary work to, &c. [Here follow the names and titles of the different plenipotentiaries on both sides.]

ARTICLE I.-All enmity and all differences which have subsisted hitherto between the two empires shall cease from this day, as well on land as on sea, and there shall be in perpetuity peace, friendship, and good intelligence, between his majesty the emperor and padishah of all the Russias, and his highness the padishah of the Ottomans, their heirs and successors to the throne, as well as between their respective empires. The two high contracting parties will devote their particular attention to prevent all that might cause misunderstandings to revive between their respective subjects. They will scrupulously fulfil all the conditions of the present treaty of peace, and will watch, at the same time, lest it should be infringed in any manner, directly or indirectly. ARTICLE II.His majesty the emperor and padishah of all the Russias, wishing to give to his

highness the emperor and padishah of the Ottomans a pledge of the sincerity of his friendly disposition, restores to the Sublime Porte the principality of Moldavia, with all the boundaries which it had before the commencement of the war to which this present treaty has put an end.

His imperial majesty also restores the principality of Wallachia, the Banat of Crayova, Bulgaria, and the country of Dobridge, from the Danube as far as the sea, together with Silistria, Hirsova, Matzia, Isakiya, Toulza, Babadag, Bazardjik; Varna, Pravedy, and the other towns, burghs, and villages, which it contains, the whole extent of the Balkan, from Emine Bouroun as far as Kazan, and all the country from the Balkans as far as the sea, with Siliminea, Jomboli, Aidos, Karnabat, Missanovica, Akhioly, Bourgas, Sizopolis, Kirkkilissi, the city of Adrianople, Lule Bourgas, and all the towns, burghs, and villages, and in general all places which the Russian troops have occupied in Roumelia.

ARTICLE III. The Pruth shall continue to form the limit of the two empires, from the point where the river touches the territory of Moldavia to its junction with the Danube; from that spot the frontier line will follow the course of the Danube as far as the mouth of St. George's, so that, leaving all the islands formed by the different arms of that river, in possession of Russia, the right bank shall remain, as formerly, in the possession of the Ottoman Porte. Nevertheless, it is agreed that this right bank shall remain uninhabited from the point where the arm of the St. George separates itself from that of Souline, to a distance

of two hours from the river, and that no establishment of any kind shall be formed there, any more than on the islands which shall remain in possession of the court of Russia, where, with the excep. tion of the quarantines which may be established there, it shall not be allowed to make any other es. tablishment or fortification. The merchant-vessels of the powers shall have the liberty of naviga. ting the Danube in all its course; and those which bear the Ottoman flag shall have free entrance into the mouth of Keli and Souline, that of Saint George remaining common to the ships of war and merchant vessels of the two contracting powers. But the Russian ships of war, when ascending the Danube, shall not go beyond the point of its junction with the Pruth.

ARTICLE IV. Georgia, Imeritia, Mingrelia, and several other provinces of the Caucasus, having been for many years and in perpetuity united to the empire of Russia, and that empire having besides, by the treaty concluded with Persia, at Tourkmantchai, on the 10th of February, 1828, acquired the Khanats of Erivan and of Naktchivan, the two high contracting powers have recognised the necessity of establishing between their respective states, on the whole of that line, a well determined frontier, capable of preventing all future discussion. They have equally taken into censideration the proper means to oppose insurmountable obstacles to the incur. sions and depredations which the neighbouring tribes hitherto committed, and which have so often compromised the relations of friendship and good feeling between the two empires: consequently, it has

been agreed upon, to consider, herceforward, as the frontiers between the territories of the imperial court of Russia, and those of the Sublime Ottoman Porte in Asia, the line which, following the present limit of the Gouriel from the Black Sea, ascends as far as the border of Imeritia, and from thence, in the straighest direction, as far as the point where the frontiers of the Pochaliks of Akhaltzik and of Kars meet those of Georgia, leaving in this manner to the north of, and within that line, the town of Akhaltzik and the fort of Khallnalick, at a distance of not less than two hours.

All the countries situate to the south and west of this line of demarkation towards the Pachaliks of Kars and Trebisond, together with the major part of the Pachalik of Akhaltzik, shall remain in perpetuity under the domination of the Sublime Porte, whilst those which are situated to the north and east of the said line towards Georgia, Imeritia, and the Gouriel, as well as all the littoral of the Black Sea, from the mouth of the Kouben, as far as the port of St. Nicholas inclusively, under the domination of the emperor of Russia. In consequence, the imperial court of Russia gives up and restores to the Sublime Porte the remainder of the Pachalik of Akhaltzik, the town and the Pachalik of Kars, the town and Pachalik of Bayazid, the town and Pachalik of Erzeroum, as well as all the places occupied by the Russian troops, and which may be out of the above mentioned line.

ARTICLE V. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia having, by a capitulation, placed them.

selves under the suzerainete of the

Sublime Porte, and Russia having guarantied their prosperity, it is understood that they shall preserve all the privileges and immunities granted to them in virtue of their capitulation, whether by the treaties concluded between the imperial courts, or by the Hatti Sheriffs issued at different times. In consequence, they shall enjoy the free exercise of their religion, perfect security, a national and independent administration, and the full liberty of trade. The addi. tional clauses to antecedent stipulations, considered necessary to secure to these two provinces the enjoyment of their rights, shall be inscribed in the next separate act, which is and shall be considered as forming an integral part of the present treaty.

ARTICLE VI. The circumstances which have occurred since the conclusion of the convention of Akermann not having permitted the Sublime Porte to undertake imme. diately the execution of the clauses of the separate act relative to Se. via, and annexed to the 5th article of the said convention, the Sub. lime Porte engages in the most solemn manner to fulfil them with out the least delay, and with the most scrupulous exactness; and to proceed in particular, to the immediate restitution of the six districts detached from Servia, so as to insure forever the tranquillity and the welfare of that faithful and obedient nation. The firman, confirmed by the Hatti Sheriff, which shall order the execution of the aforesaid clauses, shall be delivered and communicated to the imperial court of Russia, within the period of a month within the date of the signature of the treaty of peace.

ARTICLE VI. Russian sub.

jects shall enjoy, throughout the whole extent of the Ottoman empire, as well by land as by sea, the full and entire liberty of commerce secured to them by the former treaties concluded between the two high contracting powers. No infringement of that liberty of commerce shall be committed, neither shall it be permitted to be checked, in any case or under any pretence, by a prohibition or any restriction whatever, nor in consequence of any regulation or measure, whether it be one of internal administration or of internal legislation. Russian subjects, vessels and merchandise, shall be secure against all violence and all chicanery. The former shall live under the exclusive jurisdiction and police of the ministers and consuls of Russia. The Rus sian vessels shall not be subjected to any visit on board whatever, on the part of the Ottoman authorities, neither out at sea, nor in any of the ports or roadsteads belonging to the dominions of the Sublime Porte. And all merchandize and commodities belonging to a Russian subject, after having paid the custom-house duties required by the tariffs, shall be freely conveyed, deposited on land, in the warehouses of the proprietor or of his consignee, or else transferred to the vessels of any other nation whatever, without the Russian sub. jects being required to give notice to the local authorities, and still less to ask their permission. It is expressly agreed upon, that all grain proceeding from Russia shall enjoy the same privileges, and that its free transit shall never experience, under any pretence, any difficulty or impediment. The Sublime Porte engages besides, to watch carefully that the commerce

and navigation of the Black Sea shall not experience the slightest obstruction of any nature whatever. For this purpose, the Sublime Porte recognises and declares that the passage of the canal of Constantinople, and the strait of the Dardanelies, entirely free and open to Russian ships under mer. chant flags, laden or in ballast, whether they come from the Black Sea to go into the Mediterranean, or whether, returning from the Mediterranean, they wish to re-enter the Black Sea. These vessels, provided they be merchantmen, of whatever size or tonnage they may be, shall not be exposed to any impediment or vexation whatever, as it has been stipulated above. The two courts shall come to an understanding with respect to the best means for preventing all delay in the delivery of the necessary clearances. In virtue of the same principle, the passage of the canal of Constantinople and of the strait of the Dardanelles is declared free and open for all the merchant vessels of the powers at peace with the Sublime Porte, whether bound to the Russian ports of the Black Sea, or returning from themwhether laden or in ballast-upon the same conditions as those stipu. lated for the vessels under the Rus. sian flag. In fine, the Sublime Porte, acknowledging the right of the Imperial Court of Russia to obtain guaranty of this full liberty of commerce and navigation in the Black Sea, solemnly declares that she will never, under any pretence whatever, throw the least obstacle in its way. She promises, above all, never to permit herself in future to stop or detain vessels, laden or in ballast, whether Russian or be

longing to nations with which the Ot toman empire shall not be in a state of declared war, passing through the strait of Constantinople and the strait of the Dardanelles, to repair from the Black Sea into the Mediterranean, or from the Mediterranean to the Russian ports of the Black Sea. And if, which God forbid any of the stipulations contained in the present article should be infringed, and the reclamation of the Russian minister on that sub. ject should not obtain a full and prompt satisfaction, the Sublime Porte recognises, beforehand, the right in the Imperial Court of Russia to consider such an infraction an act of hostility, and immediately to retaliate on the Ottoman empire.

ARTICLE VIII. The arrangements formerly stipulated by the 6th Article of the Convention of Akerman, for the purpose of regu. lating and liquidating the claims of the respective subjects and merchants of both empires, relating to the indemnity for the losses expe. rienced, at different periods, since the war of 1806, not having been yet carried into effect, and Russian commerce having, since the conclusion of the aforesaid convention, suffered new and considerable in. jury in consequence of the measures adopted respecting the navigation of the Bosphorus, it is agreed and determined that the Sublime Porte, as a reparation for that injury and those losses, shall pay to the Imperial Court of Russia, in the course of eighteen months, at periods which shall be settled hereaf ter, the sum of one million five hundred thousand ducats of Holland; so that the payment of this sum shall put an end to all claim or reciprocal pretensions on the part