The weight of a cubic foot of distilled water at a temperature of 60° F. is 1,000 ounces Avoir. dupois, very nearly, therefore the weight (in ounces, Avoirdupois) of a cubic foot of any of the substances in the above table is found by multiplying the specific gravities by 10, thus:-one cubic foot of oak weighs 1,170 ounces; one cubic foot of marble 2,700 ounces, and so on. *Compared with water.

Freezing, Fusing, and Boiling Points.

Weight and Weight of Men.

TABLE OF AVERAGE HEIGHT AND WEIGHT OF MALES, BASED ON ANALYSIS of 74,162 ACCEPTED APPLICANTS FOR LIFE INSURANCE AS REPORTED TO THE ASSOCIATION

A Height and Weight Table compiled by a Committee of the Medical Section of the National Fraternal Congress, 1900, which is the analysis of 133,940 applications of selected risks, in a few instances differed very slightly from the above.

HEIGHT AND WEIGHT OF WOMEN.

The following table gives the relative height and weight of women, all ages. The weight of ordinary clothing, however, is included.

NOTE-The centre of pressure of water against the side of the containing vessel or reservoir is at two-thirds the depth from the surface. One cubic foot salt water weighs 64 3 pounds.

THEORETICAL VELOCITY OF WATER IN FEET PER SECOND.

PRESSURE OF WATER PER SQUARE INCH AT DIFFERENT DEPTHS.

Steam flows into atmosphere at the rate of 650 feet per second.

Tensile Strength of Materials.

Tensile Strength is the resistance of the fibres or particels o. a body to separation. It is therefore proportional to their number, or to the area of its transverse section. The fibres of wood are strongest near the centre of the trunk or limb of a tree. Tensile strength in pounds per square inch.

WOODS.

Teak....

14,000

14,000

12,000

MISCELLANEOUS,

14.500 Blue Stone.

1,400

10.00

Granite...

10,000

Limestone

1,000

13,400 Marble

700

Hemlock. 90,000 Hickory

8,700

Sandstone.

100

88

United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.

The Capitol at Washington.

THE Capitol is situated in latitude 38° 53′ 20.4 north and longitude 77° 00′ 35!!.7 west from Greenwich. It fronts east, and stands on a plateau eighty-eight feet above the level of the Potomac. The entire length of the building from north to south is seven hundred and fifty-one feet four inches, and its greatest dimension from east to west three hundred and fifty feet. The area covered by the building is 153, 112 square feet.

The dome of the original central building was constructed of wood, covered with copper. This was replaced in 1856 by the present structure of cast iron. It was completed in 1865. The entire weight of iron used is 8,909,200 pounds.

The dome is crowned by a bronze statue of Freedom, which is nineteen feet, six inches high and weighs 14,985 pounds. It was modelled by Crawford. The height of the dome above the base line of the east front is two hundred and eighty-seven feet five inches. The height from the top of the balustrade of the building is two hundred and seventeen feet eleven inches. The greatest diameter at the base is one hundred and thirty-five feet five inches.

The rotunda is ninety-seven feet six inches in diameter, and its height from the floor to the top of the canopy is one hundred and eighty feet three inches.

The Senate Chamber is one hundred and thirteen feet three inches in length, by eighty feet three inches in width, and thirty-six feet in height. The galleries will accommodate one thousand persons. The Representatives' Hall is one hundred and thirty-nine feet in length, by ninety-three feet in width, and thirty-six feet in height.

The southeast corner-stone of the original building was laid September 18, 1793, by President Washington with Masonic ceremonies. The corner-stone of the extensions was laid July 4, 1851, by President Fillmore.

The room now occupied by the Supreme Court was, until 1859, occupied as the Senate Chamber. Previous to that time the court occupied the room immediately beneath, now used as a law library.

Lincoln's Gettysburg Speech.

(Address at the Dedication of Gettysburg Cemetery, November 19, 1863.)

a

FOURSCORE and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this continent new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We are met to dedicate a portion of it as the final resting-place of those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper

that we should do this.

But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work that they have thus far so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us; that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to the cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that the dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation shall, under God, have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.

THE Coast and Geodetic Survey of the Department of Commerce and Labor is charged with the survey of the coasts of the United States and coasts under the jurisdiction thereof, and the publication of charts covering said coasts. This includes base measure, triangulation, topography and hydrography along said coasts; the survey of rivers to the head of tide water or ship navigation. deep sea soundings, temperature and current observations along sald coasts and throughout the Gulf and Japan streams, magnetic observations and researches and the publication of maps showing the variations of terrestrial magnetism: gravity research, determination of heights, the determination of geographic positions by astronomic observations for latitude, longitude and azimuth, and by triangulation to furnish reference points for State surveys and to co-ordinate Governmental surveys.

The results obtained are published in annual reports and in special publications; charts upon various scales, including sailing charts, general charts of the coast and harbor charts; tide tables issued annually in advance: coast pilots with sailing directions covering the navigable waters: notices to mariners issued weekly as a joint publication of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Bureau of Lighthouses and containing current information necessary for safe navigation; catalogues of charts and publications, and such other publications as may be required to carry out the organic law governing the survey.

Preamble.

Legislative powers.

House of Repre sentatives. Qualifications of

Constitution of the United States.

WE, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION for the United States of America.

ARTICLE 1.

SECTION I. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. BECTION II. 1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature.

2. No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been Representa-seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

tives.

tatives.

Apportionment 3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included withof Represen-in this Unlon according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative, and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose 3; Massachusetts, 8, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, 1; Connecticut, 5: New York, 6; New Jersey, 43 Pennsylvania, 3; Delaware, 1; Maryland, 6; Virginia, 10; North Carolina, 5; South Carolina, 5, and Georgia, 3. 4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.

Vacancies, how
filled.
Officers, how
appointed.

Senate.

Classification of
Senators,

Qualifications of
Senators.
President of the
Senate.

Senate a court

5. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. SECTION III. 1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.

2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointment until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.

3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided.

5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the VicePresident, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States.

6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be for trial of in- on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside; and no peschinents person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. Judgment in 7. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification case of convic- to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictinent, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law. ElectionsofSen

tion.

Adjournment of
Congress.

Pay and privi-
leges of mein-
bera.

Other offices prohibited.

Revenue bills.

How bills become laws.

SECTION IV, 1. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to places of choosing Senators.

2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. BECTION V. 1. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and inay be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each House may provide.

2. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and with the concurrence of two-thirds expel a member.

3. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.

4. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.

SECTION VI. 1. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either House they shall not be questioned in any other place.

2. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office.

SECTION VII. 1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills.

2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered; and if approved by two-thirds of that House it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed It, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return; la which case it shall not be a law.

* See Article XIV., Amendments.

90

Constitution of the

United States.

Approval and

3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may veto powers be necessary (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and of the Presi- before the same shall take effect shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by twodent. thirds of the Senate and the House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.

Immigrants,

SECTION VIII. 1. The Congress shall have power:

To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States, but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States.

2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States.

3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes,

4. To establish an uniform rule of naturalization and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States.

5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and

measures.

6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States.
7. To establish post-offices and post-roads.

8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive rights to their respective writings and discoveries.

9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court.

10. To defiue and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of

nations.

11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water. 19. To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years.

13. To provide and maintain a navy.

14. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces.

15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions.

16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress.

17. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of Government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dry-docks, and other needful buildings. 15. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any department or

officer thereof.

SECTION IX. 1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now existing shall think how admitted. proper to admit shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.

Habeas corpus.

Attainder.
Direct taxes.

Regulations regarding customs duties.

Moneys, how diawn.

Titles of nobil

ity prohibited,

Powers of
States defined,

Executive pow.

2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or Invasion the public safety may require it.

3. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.

4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State.

6. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another, nor shall vessels bound to or from one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.

7. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to

time.

8. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States. And no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever from any king, prince, or foreign state.

SECTION X. 1. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation, grant letters of marque and reprisal, com money, emit bills of credit, make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts, pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

7. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any impost or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress.

3. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.

ARTICLE II.

SECTION I. 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall er, in whom hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows:

vested.

Electors.

Proceedings electors.

2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States shall be appointed an elector.

of 3. [The electors shall meet in their respective States and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of Proceedings of the whole number of electors appointed, and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal the House of number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President; Representa-and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose

tives.

Time of choosing electors.

the President. But in choosing the President, the vote shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote. A quorum, for this purpose, shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the Presi dent, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Beuate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-President.]*

4. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors and the day on which they shall give their votes, which day shall be the same throughout the United States.

* This clause is superseded by Article XIL, Amendments.