a Figures of 1912 are somewhat preliminary and subject to revision. b Exclusive of Alaska and Islands belonging to the United States. e Census figures, relating to Continental United States; the figures for 1912 represent au estimate. d Census figures. e True valuation of real and personal property. 1904. g 1800 to 1850, outstanding principal of the public debt, January 1. h Figures for the years 1800 to 1850 include the total public debt. 1911. Gold and silver can not be stated separately prior to 1876. From 1862 to 1875, inclusive, gold and silver were not in circulation, except on the Pacific coast, where it is estimated that the average specie circulation was about $25,000,000, and this estimate is continued for the three following years under the head of gold. After that period gold was available for circulation. k As the result of a special investigation by the Director of the Mint, a reduction of $135,000,000 was made in the estimate of gold coin in circulation on July 1, 1907, as compared with the basis of previous years, and on September 1, 1910, a reduction of $9,700000 was made in the estimate of subsidiary silver. Includes notes of Bank of United States; Statebank notes; demand notes of 1862 and 1863; fractional currency, 1870; Treasury notes of 1890, 1900 to date; and currency certificates, act of June 8, 1872-1900. Includes value of buildings, $3,556,639,496. The Twelfth Census was the first to collect statistics of buildings on farms. n Includes value of buildings, 86,325,451,528. o 1910. p Data of the Department of Agriculture, representing wealth production on farms. q Exclusive of neighborhood industries and hand trades, included in years previous to 1905. Ordinary receipts" include receipts from customs, internal revenue, direct tax, public lands, and miscellaneous, but do not include receipts from loans, premiums, Treasury notes, or revenues of Post-Office Department. s Includes corporation tax, $28,583,104 in 1912. Ordinary disbursements" include disbursements for War, Navy, Indians, pensions, payments for interest, and miscellaneous," but do not include payments for premiums, principal of public debt, or disbursements for postal service paid from revenues thereof. u Imports for consumption after 1850. v Domestic exports only after 1860. w Includes canal boats and barges prior to 1880. x Figures relate to the Western Union only and do not include messages sent over leased wires or under railroad contracts after 1900. y 1800 to 1850, inclusive, from census of 1880; from 1880 to 1900, inclusive, from Rowell's Newspaper Directory; after 1900, from Ayer's American Newspaper Annual. Figures for 1912 include outlying possessions. z Includes salaries for teachers only. 1850, total alien passengers arrived; 1850, 15 months ending December 31; after 1850, fiscal years ending June 30, United States Bureau of Mines. CHAPTER 240 of the acts of the second session of the 61st Congress to establish in the Department of the Interior a Bureau of Mines was approved May 16, 1910. The act provided for the establishment of sald bureau and a director "who shall be thoroughly equipped for the duties of said office by technical education and experience," with an annual salary of $6,000. Transfer to the bureau was provided for the investigations of the analyzing and testing of coals, lignites and other mineral fuel substances, and the Investigation as to the cause of mine explosions, from the United States Geological Survey. The duties of the bureau were prescribed by section 2 of the act, as follows: "It shall be the province and duty of said bureau and its director, under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, to make diligent Investigation of the methods of mining, especially in relation to the safety of miners, and the appliances best adapted to prevent accidents, the possible improvement of conditions under which mining operations are carried on, the treatment of ores and other mineral substances, the use of explosives and electricity, the prevention of accidents. and other Inquiries and technologic Investigations pertinent to said Industries, and from time to time make such public reports of the work, Investigations and Information obtained as the Secretary of sald department may direct, with the recommendations of such bureau." 102 United States Customs Duties. United States Customs Duties. A TABLE OF LEADING ARTICLES IMPORTED, CIVING RATES AT ENTRY BY THE NEW TARIFF ACT OF 1909, COMPARED WITH THE DINGLEY TARIFF ACT OF 1897. (The following table covers only the articles of principal importance imported into the United States The Tariff act of 1909 contains 480 paragraphs each relating to an article or a group of articles.) (ad val.-ad valorem; n.s.p.f.-not specially provided for; n.e.-not enumerated.) *In the entire Silk Schedule the classification was so changed in the new law as to make tabulated comparison with the classifications under the Dingley law impracticable. In general increases were made. THE FREE LIST, RATES OF DUTY UNDER. Dingley Law of 1897. 20 p.c. ad val. 20 p.c. ad val. n.e. 20 p.c. ad val. 35 p.c. ad val. New Law of 1909. 15 p.c. ad val. 15 p.c. ad val. 35 p.c. ad val. The following is a list of the principal articles imported, which are put on the Free List by the Tariff of 1909. There are 236 articles in the list: Aconite, agates, unmanufactured: albumen, n.s.p.f.; amber and ambergris, ammonia, sulphate of; arsenic, analine salts, animals for breeding, exhibition or racing purposes: articles of growth or manufac ture of the U. S. returned: barks, quinine; beeswax; birds, land and water fowl: bismuth; books, maps, music, engravings, bound or unbound, and charts, printed more than twenty years at the date of importation, and publications issued for subscribers or exchanges by scientific and literary associations or academies, or publications for gratuitous private circulation, and public documents of foreign governments; books and pamphlets in raised print, used exclusively by the blind; books, maps, music, specially imported, not more than two copies in any one invoice, for the use of any society or institution solely for religious, philosophical, educational, scientific or literary purposes: books, libraries, furniture, and similar household effects of persons or families from foreign countries, used abroad by them not less than one year; bristles. crude; bullion, gold and silver; camphor, crude; chalk, crude; coal, anthracite; coal tar, crude: cocoa, coffee; coins, copper ore: cotton and cotton waste. Diamonds and other precious stones, rough or uncut, and not advanced in condition or value from their natural state by cleaving, splitting, cutting, or other process, including glaziers' and engravers' diamonds not set. Drugs, crude, n.s.p.f.; fans, common palm leaf, not ornamented; fish, fresh, frozen, or packed in ice, caught in fresh waters by citizens of the United States, and all other fish, the products of American fisheries; furs, undressed glass, enamel, white, for watch and clock dials: guano, manures; hides (see note); ice; India rubber, crude indigo; lodine, crude; iridium; Ivory tusks; kyanite or cyanite; leeches; life boats and life saving apparatus; lithographic stones, not engraved; manuscripts; medals of gold, silver, or copper, and other metallic articles accepted as honorary distinctions; meerschaum, unmanufactured; minerals, crude, n.s.p.f.; models of inventions; needles, hand, sewing and darning; newspapers and periodicals; nuts. Brazil nuts, cream nuts, cocoanuts in the shell and broken cocoanut meat or copra, not prepared; nux vomica; oakum; oil cake; olls, almond. amber, crude and rectified ambergris; anise or anise seed, aniline, only for manure, bergamot, caraway, cassia, cinnamon, chamomile, citronella or lemon grass, civet, cocoanut, (not refined and deodorized), cottonseed, croton, fennel, Ichthyol, jasmine, juniper, lavender; lemon, limes, mace; naroli or orange flower; liquid and solid primal flower essences not compounded; nut oll or oil of nuts, olive oil prepared solely for mechanical or Industrial purposes by denaturing or process rendering it unfit for any edible use, attar of roses, palm, rosemary, thyme, red or white valerian; and also spermacet!, whale, and other fish oils of American fisheries, and all fish and other products of such fisheries; petroleum, crude or refined, including kerosene, benzine, gasoline, naphtha, and similar oils produced from petroleum. Ores of gold, silver and nickel; paper stock, crude, of every description; paraffin, parchment and vellum. Personal effects, not merchandise, of citizens of the United States dying in foreign countries. Philosophical and scientific apparatus, specially imported for religious, phl'osophical, educational scientific, or literary purposes. Phosphates, crude; platinum, unmanufactured; potash, crude. Professional books, implements, Instruments, and tools of trade, occupation, or employment, in the actual possession at the time of arrival, of persons emigrating to the United States. Quinta, sulphate of and salts of cinchona bark; radium; statuary and casts for art and educational purposes only; sausages, bologna. Seeds, anise, canary, caraway, cauliflower, cotton, cummin, fennel, hemp, hoarhound, mangelwurzel, mustard, rape, sugar beet, sorghum or sugar cane for seed; bulbs and bulbous roots, not edible and n.s.p.f. Shrimps and other shellfish; silk, raw; silk cocoons and silkworm eggs; skeletons and other preparations for anatomy; spices, when unground; ginger root, unground and not preserved or candled; stamps, foreign postage; stone and sand, n.s.p.f.; sulphur, lac or precipitated: sulphuric acid; tapioca, cassava; tar and pitch of wood, tea; teeth, natural. Tin ore, and tin in bars, blocks, pigs, or grain or granulated. Provided, all but tin ore shall pay 4c. Ib. when mines of United States produce 1,500 tons of cassiterite and tin per year. Tobacco stems; turpentine, spirits of: turtles; vaccine virus; wax, vegetable or mineral; wearing apparel, articles of personal adornment, toilet articles, and similar personal effects of persons arriving in the United States not exceeding $100 in value. Wood, logs and round unmanufactured timber including pulp woods, n.s.p.f.; woods, in the log, rough or hewn only; works of art, and selence, brought by professional artists or scientists arriving from abroad, temporarily for exhibition or imported in good faith for exhibition and not intended for sale: works of art productions of American artists residing temporarily abroad or other works of art imported expressly for public institutions; works of art, which are proved to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Treasury to have been in existence more than twenty years prior to the date of their importation and are not intended or suitable for purposes of utility: other works of art (except rugs and carpets), which shall have been produced more than one hundred years prior to the date of importation. NOTE-After the Tariff law of 1909 was passed, but before it was signed by the President, the following concurrent resolution regarding hides was adopted: Hides of cattle, raw or uncured, whether dry, salted, or pickled, shall be admitted free of duty: provided, that on and after Oct. 1, 1909, grain, buff, or split leather shall pay a duty of 71⁄2 per cent, ad valorem; that all boots and shoes made wholly or in chief value from cattle hides and cattle skins of whatever weight, of cattle of the bovine species, Including call skins, shall pay a duty of 10 per cent, ad valorem; that harness, saddles, and saddlery, in sets or in parts, finished or unfinished, composed wholly or in chief value of leather, shall pay a duty of 20 per cent. ad valorem. Custom House Examination of Baggage. THE following "Notice to Passengers" was issued by the Treasury Department March 14, 1911: 709. "Wearing apparel, articles of personal adornment, toilet articles, and similar personal effects of persons arriving in the United States; but this exemption shall only include such articles as actually accompany and are in the use of, and as are necessary and appropriate for the wear and use of such persons, for the immediate purposes of the journey and present comfort and convenience, and shall not be held to apply to merchandise or articles intended for other persons or for sale: Provided, That in case of residents of the United States returning from abroad, all wearing apparel and other personal effects taken by them out of the United States to foreign countries shall be admitted free of duty, without regard to their value, upon their identity being established, under appropriate rules and regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, but no more than one hundred dollars in value of articles purchased abroad by such residents of the United States shall be admitted free of duty upon their return. RESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Residents of the United States must declare all articles which have been obtained abroad by puichase or otherwise whether used or unused, and whether on their persons, in their clothing, or in their baggage. The foreign value of each article, stated in United States money, must also be declared. Articles taken from the United States and remodelled, repaired, or improved abroad must be declared, and the cost of such remodelling, repairing, or improving must be separately stated. The following articles are dutiable: Household effects, including books, pictures, furniture, tableware, table linen, bed linen, and other similar articles, unless used abroad by the owner for a period of a year or more. Goods in the piece. Articles of any nature intended for sale or for other persons. The following articles are free If under $100 in value and if necessary for comfort and convenience for the purposes of the journey, and not for sale nor for other persons: Clothing. Tollet articles, such as combs, brushes, soaps, cosmetics, shaving and manicure sets, etc. Personal adornments, jewelry, etc. Similar personal effects, which may include-cameras, canes, fishing tackle, glasses (field, opera, marine), golf sticks, guns, musical instruments, parasols, photographs, smokers' articles, steamer rugs and shawls, toys, trunks, valise3, etc. Clothing and other personal effects taken out of the United States by the passenger if not increased in value or improved in condition while abroad. If increased in value or improved in condition, they are dutlable on the cost of the repairs. All articles are duttable unless specifically exempted by law. Pack in one trunk, if practicable, all dutiable articles. Receipted bills for foreign purchases should be presented whenever possible. Use Joes not exempt from duty wearing apparel or other articles obtained abroad, but such articles will be appraised at their value in the condition as Imported due allowance being made for depreciation through wear and use. NONRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Nonresidents of the United States are entitled to bring in free of duty, without regard to the one-hundred-dollar exemption, such articles as are in the nature of wearing apparel, articles of personal adornment, tollet articles, and similar personal effects, necessary and appropriate for their wear and use for the purposes of the journey and present comfort and convenience and which are not intended for other persons or for sale. Citizens of the United States, or persons who have at any time resided in this country, shall be deemed to be residents of the United States, unless they shall have abandoned their residence in this country and acquired an actual bona-ade residence in a foreign country. Such citizens or former residents who desire the privileges granted by law to nonresidents must show to the satisfaction of the collector's representative on the pler, subject to the collector's approval, that they have given up their residence in the United States and that they have become bona-fde residents of a foreign country. The residence of a wife follows that of the husband; and the residence of a minor child follows that of its parents. .GOODS OTHER THAN PERSONAL EFFECTS. Housebold effects of persons or familles from foreign countries will be admitted free of duty only if actually used abroad by them not less than one year, and if not intended for any other person, nor for sale. Such effects should be declared whether the passenger be a resident or a nonresident of the United States. Articles intended for use in business, or for other persons, theatrical apparel, properties, and sceneries, must be declared by passengers, whether residents or nonresidents. CIGARS AND CIGARETTES. All cigars and cigarettes must be declared. Each passenger over eighteen years of age may bring in free of duty 50 cigars or 300 cigarettes if for the bona-fide use of such passenger. Such cigars and cigarettes will be in addition to the articles included within the $100 exemption. BAGGAGE DECLARATIONS. The law provides that every person entering the United States shall make a declaration and entry of his or her personal baggage. The law further requires that the values of articles shall be determined by customs officers, Irrespective of the statements of passengers relative thereto. Passengers should observe that on the sheet given the there are two forms of declarations; the one printed in black is for residents of the United States; the one in red, for nonresidents. The exact number of pieces of baggage, including all trunks, vallses, boxes, packages, and hand bags of any description accompanying the passenger, must be stated in the declaration. The senior member of a fa nlly, present as a passenger, may make declaration for the entire family. Ladles travelling alone should state that fact in their declarations in order that an expeditious examination of their baggage may be made. When the declaration is preparel and signel, the coupon at the bottom of the form must be detached and retained by the passenger, and the form given to the officer of the ship designated to receive the same. A declaration spoiled in its preparation must not be destroyed, but turned over to the purser, who will furnish a new blank to the passenger. After all the baggage and effects of the passenger have been landed upon the pler, the coupon which has been retained by the passenger must be presented at the Inspector's desk, whereupon an inspector will be detailed to examine the baggage. Passengers must acknowledge in person, on the pier, their signature to their declarations. Examination of any baggage may be postponed if the passenger requests the officer taking his declaration to have it seat to the appraiser's store. Passengers must not deduct the $100 exemption in making out their declarations. Such deductions will be made by customs officers on the pler. CONTESTED VALUATION. Passengers dissatisfied with values placed upon dutiable articles by the customs officers on the pler may demand a re-examination, but application therefor should be immediately made to the omeers there in charge. If for any reason this course is impracticable, the packages containing the articles should be left in customs custody and application for reappraisement made to the collector of customs. In writing, within ten days after the original appraisement. No request for reappraisement can be entertained after the articles 203 bila renmmel fron customs custody. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. Currency or certified checks only can be accepted in payment of duties, but, upon request, |