At places marked the time noted is in the morning of the FOLLOWING day. (a) EASTERN" includes: New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Richmond, Norfolk, Charleston, Buffalo, Pittsburgh, Montreal, Quebec, Ottawa, Toronto, etc.

(b) "CENTRAL" includes: Chicago, St. Louis, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Milwaukee, Kansas City, Omaha, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Detroit, New Orleans, Memphis, Savannah, Pensacola, Winnipeg, etc.

"MOUNTAIN" includes: Denver, Leadville, Colorado Springs, Helens, Regina (N. W. T.), etc. (d)" PACIFIC " Includes: San Francisco, Portland (Oregon), Victoria, Vancouver, Tacoma, Seattle, etc.

Old English Holidays.

observed generally or in some parts of Britain. SEPTEMBER 29. MICHAELMAS: Feast of St. Michael, the Archangel. Old Michaelmas is October 11.

THESE holidays, with their names, had their origin in medieval England when the State religion was that of the Church of Rome, and they are still JANUARY 6. TWELFTH DAY, or Twelfth-tide, sometimes called Old Christmas Day, the same as Epiphany. The previous evening is Twelfth Night, with which many social rites have long been connected.

FEBRUARY 2. CANDLEMAS: Festival of the Purification of the Virgin. Consecration of the lighted candles to be used in the church during the year.

FEBRUARY 14. OLD CANDLEMAS: St. Valentine's Day. MARCH 25. LADY DAY: Annunciation of the Virgin. April 6 is old Lady Day.

JUNE 24. MIDSUMMER DAY: Feast of the Nativity of John the Baptist. July 7 is old Midsummer Day.

JULY 15. ST. SWITHIN'S DAY. There was an old superstition that if rain fell on this day it would continue forty days. AUGUST 1. LAMMAS DAY: Originally in England the festival of the wheat harvest. In the Church the festival of St. Peter's miraculous deliverance from prison. Old Lammas Day is

August 13.

NOVEMBER 1. ALL-HALLOWMAS: All-hallows, or All Saints' Day. The previous evening is All-hallow-e'en, observed by home gatherings and old-time festive rites.

NOVEMBER 2. ALL SOULS' DAY: Day of prayer for the souls of the dead.

NOVEMBER 11. MARTINMAS: Feast of St. Martin. Old Martinmas is November 23.

DECEMBER 28. CHILDERMAS: Holy Innocents' Day.
Lady Day, Midsummer Day, Michaelmas, and Christmas are
quarter (rent) days in England, and Whitsunday, Martinmas,
Candlemas, and Lammas Day in Scotland."

Shrove Tuesday, the day before Ash Wednesday, and Maundy Thursday, the day before Good Friday, are observed by the Church. Mothering Sunday is Mid-Lent Sunday, in which the old rural custom obtains of visiting one's parents and making them presents.

The Magnetic Poles.

THE geographical poles of the earth are the extremities of the imaginary line passing through its centre of gravity and about which it revolves, and are therefore symmetrically located with regard to the equator.

The magnetic poles, however, are not coincident with the geographical pcles. nor are they diametrically opposite to each other. Prior to the recent attempt of Amundsen to determine the north magnetic pole, the only other was by Capt. James Ross in June, 1831, who found the dip of the magnetic needle to be 89° 59' 5, in latitude 70° 5' .2 N. and longitude 96 45' .8 W., which is in King William Land, Canada. The result of Amundsen's observations has not yet been published by the Norwegian authorities.

The position of the south magnetic pole has been located in latitude 72° 23' S. and longitude 154 E., by Prof. Edward David and Mr. Douglas Marson, members of Lieut. Shackleton's expedition to the South Pole, which left New Zealand on January 1. 1908.

By reason of the annual variation of the magnetic needle, it is believed that the magnetic poles are not stationary, but have a slow motion around the geographical poles. The subject is shrouded in mystery and constitutes one of the many as yet unsolved problems in terrestrial physics.

34

B. C.

1183 Fall of Troy.

1082 Era of the Great Pyramid.

878 Carthage founded.

776 Olympic Era began.

753 Foundation of Rome.

1682 Pennsylvania settled by William 1846 War with Mexico began.
1848 French Revolution. Republic suc-
ceeded.

Penn.

1685 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes,
Oct. 22.

1688 James II. abdicated, Dec. 11.

689 Jerusalem taken by Nebuchadnezzar. 1690 Battle of the Boyne, July 1.
536 Restoration of the Jews under Cyrus. 1690 First newspaper in America;
509 Expulsion of Tarquins from Rome.

Boston.

1848 Gold discovered in California, Sept. 1851 Gold discovered in Australia, Feb. 12 1851 First International Exhibit'n,London. at 1852 Louis Napoleon became Emperor, 1853 Crimean War began.

450 Xerxes defeated Greeks at Ther-1704 Gibraltar was taken by the English. 1854 Japan opened by Commodore Perry. mopyla. 1713 Peace of Utrecht, April 11.

55 Cæsar conquered Britain.

A. D

4 Birth of Jesus Christ.

29 The Crucifixion.

1857 The Great Mutiny in India. 1714 Accession of House of Hanover, Aug.1 1857 The Dred Scott decision. 1715 First Jacobite Rebellion in Great 1857 First Atlantic cable message, Aug. 4. Britain; the second in 1745. 1859 John Brown's raid into Virginia. 1720 South Sea Bubble. 1560 South Carolina seceded, Dec. 20. 70 Jerusalem was destroyed by Titus. 1745 Battle of Fontenoy, April 30. 1861 Emancipation of the Russian serfs. 318 Constantine converted toChristianity 1756 Black Hole Suffocation in Calcutta. 1863 Lincoln's Emancipation Proclama410 The Romans abandoned Britain. 1757 Clive won Battle of Plassey in India. tion, Jan. 1. 827 Egbert, first king of all England, 1759 Canada was taken from the French. Oct. 14. 1765 Stamp Act enacted.

1066 Battle of Hastings, Norman Conquest 1773 Steam engine perfected by Watt. 1096 The Crusades began.

1172 Ireland was conquered by Henry II. 1215 King John granted Magus Charta, June 15.

1863 Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3.
1865 Lee surrendered
at Appomattox,
April 9.

1773 Tes destroyed in Boston Harbor, 1865 Pres. Lincoln assassinated, April 14.

Dec. 16.

1775 Battle of Lexington, April 19.
1775 Battle of Bunker Hill, June 17.

1205 First Representative Parliament in 1776 Declaration of Independence, July 4. England.

ended.

1777 Burgoyne's surrender, Oct. 17.
1779 Capt. Cook was killed, Feb. 14.
1781 Cornwallis' surrender at Yorktown,
Oct. 19.

1867 Maximilian of Mexico executed.
1867 The Dominion of Canada established
1869 Finaucial Black Friday" in N. Y..
Sept. 24.

1870 Franco-German War began, July 19. 1415 Battle of Agincourt, Oct. 25. 1870 French capitulated at Sedau, Sept.1. 1431 Joan of Arc was burut, May 30. 1870 tome became the capital of Italy. 1453 Constantinople taken by the Turks. 1871 The German Empire re-established. 1455 The Wars of the Roses began. 1788 First settlement in Australia, Jan. 26. 1871 The Irish Church was disestablished. 1462 The Bible was first printed at Mentz. 1789 The French Revolution began July 14 1871 The great fire in Chicago, Oct. 8-11. 1471 Caxton set up his printing press. 1789 Washington first inaug'ted President 1872 The great fire in Boston, Nov. 9. 1486 The feuds of York and Lancaster 1:93 Cotton-gin invented by Whitney. 1876 Prof. Bell perfected the telephone. 1793 Louis XVI. of France executed, Jan.21 1876 Centennial Exposit'n at Philadelphia Vaccination discovered by Jeuner. 1881 President Garfield shot, July 2. The Irish Rebellion. 1888 Great Blizzard in Eastern part of Battle of Seringapatam; death of U. S., March 11-14. Tippoo. 1889 Brazil became a Republic. Bonaparte declared First Consul, 1859 Johnstown, Pa., flood, May 31. 1893 World's Fair at Chicago. Union of Great Britain and Ireland, 1894 Chinese-Japanese War began. 1895 Cuban Revolution began, Feb. 20. Louisiana purchased from the French 1897 The Turkish-Greek War. Bonaparte became Emperor of France 1898 The Spanish-American War. Battle of Trafalgar, death of Nelson. 1899 Universal Peace Conference.

1801

Nov. 10.

Jan. 1.

1492 Columbus discovered America, Oct.121796
1517 The Reformation began in Germany. 1793
1519 Cortez began the conquest of Mexico. 1799
1335 The first English Bible printed.
1639 Monasteries were closed in England. 1799
1558 Accession of Queen Elizabeth, Nov.17|
1565 Revolt of the Netherlands began.
1565 St. Augustine, Florida, settled.
1572 The St. Bartholomew Massacre, Aug.24 1803
1588 The Spanish Armada defeated, July. 1804
1600 East India Company first chartered. 1805
1603 Uuion of England and Scotland. 1807 Fulton's first steamboat voyage.
1605 The Gunpowder Plot in England.
1607 Jamestown, Va., was settled.
1609 Hudson River first explored.
1616 Shakespeare died, April 23.
1618 Thirty Years' War in Germany began.
1620 Pilgrims by the Mayflower landed.
1623 Manhattan Island settled.

1812 Second war with Great Britsin.
1812 The French expedition to Moscow.
1813 Perry's victory on Lake Erie, Sept.10.
1814 The printing machine invented.
1814 Scott's "Waverley" published.
1815 Battle of New Orleans, Jan. 8.
1815 Battle of Waterloo, June 18.

1634 Maryland settled by Roman Catholics 1819 First steamship crossed the Atlantic.
1636 Rhode Island settled by Roger 1820 Missouri Compromise adopted.
1823 Monroe Doctrine declared, Dec. 2.
1640 Cromwell's Long Parliament assem-1528 First passenger railroad in U. S.
bled.

1649 Charles I, was beheaded, Jan. 30.
1653 Oliver Cromwell became Lord Pro-1832 S. Carolina Nullification Ordinance.
1835 Morse invented the telegraph.
1835 Seminole War in Florida began.
1664 New York conquered from the Dutch. 1837 Accession of Queen Victoria, June 20
1664 The great plague of London.
1845 Texas annexed.

1660 Restoration of the Stuarts.

1666 The great fire of London began Sept.2. 1846 Sewing machine completed by Howe.
1679 labeas Corpus Act passed in Eng- 1846 The Irish Potato Famine.
land.
1846 British Corn laws repealed, June 26.|

1899 The South African War began.
1900 Boxer Insurrection in China.
1900 The Galveston tornado, Sept. 8.
1901 Death of Queen Victoria.
1901 Assassination of President McKinley
1902 Martinique destroyed by volcano.
1903 Republic of Panama established.
1904 The Great Fire in Baltimore, Feb. 7.
1904 The Russo-Japanes War began.
1906 San Francisco earthquake and con-
flagration.

1908 American Battleship fleet nearly cir
cumnavigated the Globe.
1908 Great Earthquake in Southern Italy.
1909 The North Pole discovered, April 6.
1910 Revolution in Portugal. Republic

established.

1911 The Italian-Turkish War began.
1911 The South Pole discovered, Dec. 14.
1911 China proclaimed a Republic.
1912 Steamship Titanic wrecked, April 14.

The French Revolutionary Era.

IN September, 1793, the convention decreed that the common ers should be abolished in all civil affairs, and that the new French era should begin on September 22, 1792, the day of the true autumnal equinox, and that each succeeding year should begin at the midnight of the day on which the true autumnal equinox falls. The year was divided into twelve months of thirty days each. In ordinary years there were five extra days, from the 17th to the 21st of our September, and at the end of every fourth year was a sixth complimentary day. This reckoning was first used on November 22, 1793, and was continued until December 31, 1805, when it was discontinued, and the Gregorian calendar, used throughout the rest of Europe, was resumed. The following were the dates for the year 1804, the last complete year of this style of reckoning:

The months were divided into three decades of ten days each, but to make up the 365 five were added at the end of September: I'rimidi, dedicated to Virtue; Duodi, to Genius, Tridi, to Labor, Quartidi, to Opinion, and Quintidi, to Rewards. To Leap Year, called Olympic, a sixth day, September 22 or 23, Sextidi, "the day of the Revolution," was added.

To each tenth day, thirty-six in all, were assigned thirty-six "Fetes Decadaires," decreed by the National Convention on the eighteenth Prairial, in honor of the Supreme Being and Nature, the Human Race, the French People, Benefactors of Humanity, Martyrs for Liberty, Liberty and Equality, the Republic, Liberty of the World, Love of Country, Hatred of Tyrants and Traitors, Truth, Justice, Modesty, Glory and Immortality, Friendship, Frugality, Courage, Good Faith, Herolam, Distu terestedness, Stoicism, Love, Conjugal Fidelity, Paternal Love, Maternal Tenderness, Filial Piety, Infancy, Childhood, Manhood, Old Age, Sickness, Agriculture, Industry, Our Ancestors, Our Posterity, Goodness.

1 Aug. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112131415 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sept. 9101112131415

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

1 2 3 4 5 Oct. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

4 5 Jan.

Anniversaries.

DATES OF HISTORICAL EVENTS CUSTOMARILY OR OCCASIONALLY OBSERVED,

1. Emancipation Proclamation by Lincoln,

36

Ready-Reference Calendar.-1.

Ready-Reference Calendar.-1.

For ascertaining the Day of the Week for any given Time from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Year 2200.

RULE-To the day of the Month, add Factors for Month, Century, and Year, and divide the total by 7. If there is no remainder, the day is Sunday.

66

1 is the remainder

2

"

3

"4

5

Should the total be less than 7, it is to

Monday.
Tuesday.

Wednesday.

Thursday.

be taken as a

CENTURIES (Cardinal Numbers).

The year 00 of Centuries in heavier type was, or will be, a Leap year.

།ཚེ། །རྩ།

7

·ཞི་རྒྱ།ཅི

44

50

The system of this Calendar is taken from one printed in Whitaker's (London) Almanac.

Ready-Reference Calendar.-2.

For ascertaining any Day of the Week for any given Time within Two Hundred Years from the introduction of the New Style, 1753, to 1952 inclusive.

NOTE. -The letters in the list of Years from 1753 to 1952," refer to the table headed with the Months, the figures in which refer to the same figures at the head of the

Monday 1 Tuesday
Tuesday 2. Wednesday
Wednesday 3 Thursday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday

Wednesday
Thursday

4

Thursday
Friday

3 Saturday

5

1 Friday

2 Saturday
3SUNDAY

6

1 Saturday

2 SUNDAY 2 Monday

4SUNDAY 4 Monday 4 Tuesday

7

SUNDAY I

2

3 Friday
4 Saturday

3 Monday 3 Tuesday

3

4 Wednesday 4

5 SUNDAY

5 Monday 5 Tuesday

5

6 SUNDAY

6 Monday

6 Tuesday

4. Friday
5 Saturday

SUNDAY 7 Monday

table of Days. For ex-Monday 8 Tuesday

7 Tuesday

5 Wednesday 5 Thursday

6 Wednesday 6 Thursday 6 Friday

7 Wednesday 7 Thursday 7 Friday Wednesday 8 Thursday 8 Friday 8 Saturday Tuesday 9 Wednesday 9 Thursday 9 Friday 9 Saturday 9 SUNDAY ample: Toknow on what wednesd. 10 Thursday 10 Friday 10 Saturday 10 SUNDAY 10 Monday

13

16 17

20

9 Monday 10 Tuesday 11 Saturday 11|SUNDAY 11 Monday 11 Tuesday day July 4, 1913, willThursday 11 Friday 11 Wednesd. 11 Friday 12 Saturday 12 SUNDAY 12 Monday 12 Tuesday 12 Wednesd. 19 Thursday 12 fall look for 1913 in the Saturday 13 SUNDAY 13 Monday 13 Tuesday 13 Wednesd. 13 Thursday 13 Friday SUNDAY 14 Monday 14 Tuesday 14 Wednesd. 14 Thursday 14 Friday 14 Saturday 14 table of Years. The let-Monday 15 Tuesday 15 Wednesd. 15 Thursday 15 Friday 15 Saturday 15 SUNDAY 15 tere" is attached. Look Wednesd. 17 Thursday 17 Friday Tuesday 16 Wednesd. 16 Thursday 16 Friday 16 Saturday 16 SUNDAY 16 Monday 17 Saturday 17 SUNDAY 17 Monday 17 Tuesday for the same letter in the Thursday 19 Friday 18 Saturday 18 SUNDAY 18 Monday 18 Tuesday 18 Wednesd. 18 Friday 19 Saturday 19 SUNDAY 19 Monday 19 Tuesday 19 Wednesd. 19 Thursday 19 table of Months and in a Saturday 20 SUNDAY 20 Monday 20 Tuesday 20 Wednesd. 20 Thursday 20 Friday SUNDAY 21 Monday 21 Tuesday 21 Wednesd. 21 Thursday 21 Friday 21 Saturday 21 parallel line under July is Monday 9 Tuesday 22 Wednesd. 22 Thursday 22 Friday 22 Saturday 22 SUNDAY 22 Tuesday the figure 2, which di- Wednesd. 24 Thursday 24 Friday 23 Wednesd. 23 Thursday 23 Friday 23 23 Saturday 23 SUNDAY 23 Monday 24 Saturday 24 SUNDAY 24 Monday 24 Tuesday 24 25 Saturday 25 SUNDAY 25 Monday 25 Tuesday rects to column 2 in the Thursday 25 Friday 25 Wednesd, 25 Friday 26 Saturday 26 SUNDAY 26 Monday 26 Tuesday 26 Wednesd. 26 Thursday 26 table of Days below, in Saturday 27 SUNDAY 27 Monday 27 Tuesday 97 Wednesd. 27 Thursday 27 Friday SUNDAY 25 Monday 25 Tuesday 28 Wednesd. 93 Thursday 28 Friday 98 Saturday 25 which it will be seen that Monday 99 Tuesday 29 Wednesd. 29 Thursday 29 Friday 29 Sarm day 29 SUNDAY 99 Tuesday 36 Wednesd. 30 Thursday 30 Friday 30 Saturday 30 SUNDAY 30: Monday July 4 falls on Friday. Wednesd. 31 Thursday 31 Friday 31 Saturday 31SUNDAY 31 Monday 31 Tuesday

27

30

31