PERMANENT COURT OF ARBITRATION OF THE HAGUE Continued. Mr. Salvador Gallegos, LL. D., formerly Minister for Foreign Affairs, formerly Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. Mr. Salvador Rodriguez Gonzalez, LL. D., formerly Minister for Foreign Affairs, of Justice and Public Charities. Mr. Alonso Reyes Guerra, LL. D., Consul-General at Hamburg, Germany. Servia Mr. George Pavlovitch, formerly Minister of Justice, President of the Court of Cassation, Professor of Law of the University of Belgrade. Dr. Milovan Milovanovitch, LL. D., Minister for Foreign Affairs, formerly Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Rome. Dr. Milenko R. Vesnitch, LL. D., formerly Minister of Justice, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Paris. Slam-Mr. Frederick W. Verney, Member of Parliament, formerly Counsellor of Legation at London. Mr. Corragioni d'Orelli, LL. D.. Counsellor of Legation at Paris. Mr. Jens I. Westengard, General Adviser to the Siamese Government. Spain-Mr. Rafael de Urena y Smenjaud, LL. D., Professor in the Faculte of Madrid. His Excellency Mr. Sigmund Moret y Prendergast, Deputy, formerly President of the Council of Ministers. His Excellency E. Dato, Deputy, formerly Minister of Justice. His Excellency R. M. de Labra, Senator, Barrister at the Court of Cassation. Sweden-Mr. Knut Hjalmar Leonard de Hammarskjold, LL. D., formerly Minister of Justice, and Minister Plenipotentiary at Copenhagen. Mr. Johan Frederik Ivar Afzelius, LL. D., Member of the First Chamber of the Dlet. Mr. Johannes Hellner, LL. D., formerly Minister, Member of the Supreme Court. Baron Carl Nils Daniel Bildt, D. Litt., Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Italy. Switzerland-His Excellency Mr. Charles Lardy, LL. D., Swiss Minister at Paris. Mr. Eugene Huber, LL. D., Professor at the University of Berne. Col. Leo Weber, LL. D., formerly Federal Judge, Colonel of the Military Justice, Auditor-inChief of the Swiss Army. Turkey-His Highness Ibrahim H. Pasha, formerly Ambassador at Rome. His Excellency Yorghladis Effendi, Senator. His Excellency Said Bey, formerly Vice-President of the Council of State. His Excellency Gabriel Effend! Nouradounghlan, Senator. United States-Mr. John W. Griggs, formerly Attorney-General of the United States. Mr. George Gray, United States Circuit Judge, formerly United States Senator. Mr. Oscar S. Straus, formerly Secretary of Commerce and Labor, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary at Constantinople. Mr. Elihu Root, United States Senator, formerly Secretary of War. Uruguay Mr. Juan Pedro Castro, LL. D., formerly Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Paris and Brussels. Mr. Juan Zorilla de San Martin, LL. D., formerly Minister Plenipotentiary at Madrid, Lisbon and Parts. Mr. José Pedro Massera, LL. D., Member of the Chamber of Deputies. Venezuela-Dr. Carlos Leon, LL. D., formerly Minister of Public Instruction, formerly Member of the Court of Cassation. Dr. Nicomedes Zuloaga, LL. D., formerly Member of the Court of Cassation. Dr. Francisco Arroyo Parejo, LL. D., formerly Procuror-General. Gen. Manuel Antonio Matos, formerly Senator, formerly Minister of Finance. First Secretary of the Court-Jonkheer W. Roell. The Administrative Council-The Administrative Council consists of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands and the diplomatic representatives at The Hague of the ratifying powers. DECISIONS RENDERED BY THE PERMANENT COURT OF ARBITRATION AT THE HAGUE. October 14, 1902-In the matter of the case of the Plus Fund of the Californias between the United States and Mexico. February 22, 1904-Respecting the preferential claims of the creditor nations of Venezuela under the protocols of May 7, 1903. May 22, 1905-In the difference between France, Germany and Great Britain on the one hand, and Japan on the other, respecting leases held in perpetuity. May 22, 1909-In the matter of the Casablanca dispute between France and Germany. August 8, 1909-In the matter of the dispute between Great Britain and France, respecting the right of certain Muscat Dhows to fly the French flag. Britain. October 23, 1909-Respecting the maritime boundary between Norway and Sweden. September 7, 1910-In the North Atlantic Fisheries case between the United States and Great October 25, 1910-In the Orinoco steamship case between the United States and Venezuela. February 24, 1911-In the "Savarkar" case between Great Britain and France. INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS OF EGYPT. In 1876, as the result of negotiations between the Ottoman and Egyptian Governments and the various Christian powers having representatives at Cairo, certain courts were created in Egypt for the trial of civil and commercial causes arising between natives and foreigners of different nationality, as well as all questions of real estate between any person and suits of foreigners against the Egyptian Government and members of the Khedival family. These mixed tribunals, in civil matters within their exclusive jurisdiction, superseded the consular courts. A mixed tribunal consists of five judges. three of whom are foreigners and two natives. The foreign judges are appointed by the Khedive on the recommendation of the great powers, each of which is represented by from one to three judges. There are three tribunals of original jurisdiction (first instance), one each at Cairo, Alexandria, and Mansura, and a Court of Appeals at Alexandria. The United States Is represented in these courts by the following judges: Court of Appeals.-Somerville P. Tuck, of New York (appointed 1908; appointed to Court of First Instance 1894). Court of First Instance.-William G. Van Horne, of Utah (appointed 1902); Pierre Crabités, of Louisiana (appointed 1911), Enternational Congress on Hygiene and Demography. THE object of the congress is to extend the knowledge and Improve the practice of hyglene. public health and vital statistics in the countries which participate. Naturally, these benefits accrue in largest measure to the country which is for the time being the host of the congress. The work of the congress falls into two branches: First, an exhibition of the recent progress and the present condition of the public health movement in the co-operating countries; and secondly, a series of scientific meetings at which leading scholars of both hemispheres will report upon and discuss current questions of fundamental importance in the various fields. For the latter purpose the congress has been divided into nine sections as stated below. Each section holds daily meetings during the week of the congress and may propose resolutions regarding matters of practice or lines of desirable investigations. Such resolutions are referred without debate to the Permanent International Commission and come later before the closing session of the full congress. American administrative work for public health is mainly in the hands of the State and city governments. The participation of these governments in the projected exhibition has been requested by Congress through the adoption of a joint resolution inviting the Governors of each of the States to appoint State Committees, of not less than five members each, to co-operate with the committee on organization. Arrangements of this part of the congress have been placed in charge of Dr. J. W. Schereschewsky, of the United States Public Health Service. The official languages for papers and discussions are English, French and German, but probably a majority of the participants will speak in English. The cordial co-operation, both of AmerIcan representatives of State and city health work and of private organizations and individuals is confidently anticipated. Any person engaged in the study or practice of hyglene or demography may become a member of the congress, but the Committee of Organization reserves the right to withhold the privileges of membership in particular cases. The fee for membership is, five dollars. Each member will receive a report of the transactions of the congress and of the protocol to be published after the adjournment of the congress. The Permanent International Commission of the Congresses of Hygiene and Demography is made up of the representatives of twenty-one nations. The President is Dr. Max Rubner, Director of the Institute of Hygiene, Berlin, Germany; the Vice-President, Mr. S. N. D. North, late Director of the United States Census Bureau, and the Secretary-General, Dr. Johannes Nietner, of Berlin, Germany. The representatives of the United States on the Commission are, besides Mr. North, Dr. Rupert Blue, Surgeon-General of the Public Health Service; Dr. Hermann Biggs, of the New York City Dept. of Health, and Lieut.-Col. Walter D. McCaw, Surgeon-Gen'l's Library, Washington, D. C. The Fourteenth International Congress was held at Berlin in 1907, and the Fifteenth at Washington, D. C., September, 1912. The decision as to the time and place of meeting of the Sixteenth Congress was left to the Permanent International Commission. The United States Census. THE Constitution requires that a census of the United States shall be taken decennially. The First Census was taken in 1790 under the supervision of the President; subsequent censuses, to and including that of 1840, were taken under the supervision of the Secretary of State. In 1849 the supervision of the census was transferred to the newly organized Department of the Interior, and continued under the control of that department until the passage of the act of 1903, creating the Department of Commerce and Labor: by this act the Census Bureau was transferred to the new department. Congress, by act approved March 6, 1902, made the Census Bureau a permanent bureau of the Government. The work of the Census Bureau is divided into two main branches, namely, the decennial census and special statistical inquiries, the latter mostly made in the intervals between the decennial censuses. The Thirteenth Decennial Census was taken as of date April 15, 1910. It covered the three main subjects (1) population, (2) agriculture, and (3) manufactures, mines and quarries. The results of this census are now being compiled and published, and have been used wherever available for the tables of the present ALMANAC. The aggregate cost of the census of 1910 when completed will be about $13,500,000. Of this amount $6.500.000 represents the cost of collecting the data through the employment of over 70,000 paid enumerators, besides supervisors, clerks, and special agents. The balance is the cost of tabulating and publishing the result. A more detalled account of the census of 1910 is given in the 1911 Issue of THE WORLD ALMANAC. The permanent work of the Census Bureau is provided for by the act of Congress approved March 6, 1902, and amendments thereto. These acts authorize and direct the Bureau to make statistical inquiries regarding the insane, feeble-minded, deaf and dumb, and blind; crime, pauperism and benevolence; deaths and births in the areas maintaining registration system; social and financial statistics of cities; wealth, debt and taxation; religious bodies; electric light and power, telephones and telegraphs, and street railways: transportation by water; cotton production and distribution; and production of forest products. The statistics of deaths (which now cover a little over half of the country) of cities, and of production of cotton and forest products, are secured annually; the other statistics mentioned are taken usually at Intervals of five or ten years, not, however, at the same time as the regular decennial censuses. The act of 1902 also provides for a census of manufactures in the fifth year Intervening between the decennial censuses, and the new Thirteenth Census act further provides for a census of agriculture in 1915, as well as in 1910. The Director of the Census is appointed by the President of the United States and receives a salary of $6,000 per annum. The present Director is E. Dana Durand, of California. The permanent office organization includes a chlef clerk, William A. Hathaway; four chief statisticlans; for Population, William C. Hunt; for Manufactures, William M. Steuart; for Finance and Municipal Statistics, Le Grand Powers: for Vital Statistics, Cressy L. Wilbur; a geographer, Charles S. Sloane, and eight chiefs of division. The entire number of employés in the Bureau at Washington is now about 775, including 175 temporary clerks employed In completing the work of the Thirteenth Census; in addition there are about 700 special agents employed intermittently in the Southern States for the collection of cotton statistics. The number of employés In Washington was greatly increased during the decennial census; on November 1, 1910, it was 3,565, in addition to field employés. University Forum. AN educational Institution of travelling professorships of eminent men of action, and original Investigators, whose lectures are based on personal experience and observation. The lectures are delivered before the leading universities, colleges and other educational bodies throughout North America, Europe and in other parts of the world. The Forum arts as a standing committee, a bureau of information, a clearing-house, through which universities and colleges may promptly and readily secure national leaders to speak at firsthand and authoritatively concerning their particnlar line of life-work and activity. President-Alexander Cumming, LL. B., A. M., Ph. D., 557 W. 124th Street, New York. retary-Almerou W. Smith, A.M. Treasurer-Henry Clews, Ph. D., LL. D. Sec The Panama Canal. THE present composition of the Isthmian Canal Commission is as follows: Chairman and Chief Engineer, Col. George W. Goethals; Assistant Chief Engineer, Col. H F. Hodges; assistant to the Chief Engineer, Civil Engineer H. H. Rousseau, U. S. N.; Division Engineer, Central Division, Lieut.-Col. D. D. Galliard; Division Engineer, Atlantic Division, Lieut.Col. William L. Sibert: Chlef Sanitary Officer, Col. W. C. Gorgas; Head of the Department of Civil Administration, Maurice H. Thatcher. The members of the Commission receive salaries of $14,000 per annum, except the Chairman, who receives $15,000. The Canal will have a summit elevation of 85 feet above the sea. It is to be about 50 miles In length from deep water in the Caribbean Sea to deep water in the Pacific Ocean. The distance from deep water to the shore line in Limon Bay is about 44 miles, and from the Pacific shore line to deep water is about 4 miles; hence the length of the Canal from shore to shore will be approximately 41 miles. The channel ranges in width from 300 to 1,000 feet. The average bottom width of the channel In this project is 649 feet, and the minimum width is 300 feet. The Canal will have a minimum depth of 41 feet. It is estimated that the time required for the passage of a ship of medium size through the entire length of the Canal would be from 9 to 10 hours, and for larger vessels from 10% to 11 hours. The Gatun dam along the crest will be 8,000 feet long. Including the spillway, or about 14 miles, and 2,100 feet wide at its greatest width. The crest of the dam will be at an elevation of 115 feet above sea level, or 30 feet above the norma level of Gatun Lake, and 100 feet wide. width of the dam at the normal water level of the lake, 1. e., 85 feet above sea level, will be about 388 feet. The The amount of excavation completed up to September 15, 1912, was 218.000,000 cubic yards, leaving approximately 24,000,000 yards to be dug. The average rate of excavation per month is about 2,500,000 cuble yards. At this rate of progress all the digging should be finished before September 15, 1913. The big dam, locks and spillways projects show stages of completion, vary ing from 75 to 90 per cent. It is estimated that the Gatun locks will require about 2,000,000 cuble yards of concrete work Up to September 15, 1912, over 19,000,000 cubic yards had been put in place. The concrete work of the Pedro Miguel locks is nearly 95 per cent. completed, and that of the Miraflores locks over 92 per cent. Other engineering features show an equally advanced stage toward completion. The cost estimated by the present Commission for completing the Canal is $325,201,000, which Includes $20,053,000 for sanitation and $7,382,000 for civil administration. These figures do not include the $50,000,000 paid to the Now French Canal Company and to the Republic of Panama for property and franchises. Hence, it is estimated that the total cost of the Canal to the United States will approximate $375,000,000. The date set for the official opening of the Panama Canal is January 1, 1915, but according to revised estimates made public September 19, 1912, at the Panama Canal Commission, October 15, 1913, is the tentative date set for the passage of the first vessel through the Canal. A naval vessel will probably be selected for the initial trip. Shipping Interests will be advised as soon as the Commission feels assured that vessels can be passed without unnecessary delay. In the month of April, 1912, there were approximately 45,000 employés on the Isthmus on the rolls of the Commission and of the Panama Railroad Company, about 5,000 of whom were Americans. There were actually at work on May 29, 1912, 35,063 men, 28,272 for the Commission and 6,791 for the Panama Railroad Company. Of the 28,272 men working for the Commission, 4,129 were on the gold roll, which comprises those paid in United States currency, and 24,143 men on the silver roll, which comprises those paid on the basis of Panaman currency, or its equivalent. Those on the gold roll include mechanics, skilled artisans of all classes, clerks, and higher officials, most of whom are Americans; those on the silver roll include principally the common laborers, who are practically all foreigners. Of the 6,791 Panama Railroad employés, 820 were on the gold roll. Appropriations and expenditures to April 30, 1912. Receipts and Expenditures-Appropriations by Congress, $293,561,468: armament and fort!ications (March 4, 1911), $3,000,000; private acts for relief of Individuals, $5,460. Total credited by United States Treasury to April 30, 1912, $296,566.928; miscellaneous, $8,142,423; total receipts, $304,709,351. Disbursements-Including classifed expenditures, $270,184,410; balance available April 30, 1912, $34,524.940; total, $304,709,350. Distances from New York to San Francisco by water, present route, 13,400 miles; via Panama Canal, 5,300 miles. New York to Hawall, present all-water route, 12,800 miles; by Canal, 7,000 miles. New York to Manila via Hawail, now 17,800 miles; by Canal, 12,000 miles. FORTIFICATION OF THE PANAMA CANAL. CHAPTER 285 of the Statutes of the Sixty-first Congress, third session, "An act making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1912, and for other purposes, approved March 4, 1911, contained the following appropriations for the fortification of the Isthmian Canal: "For construction of sea-coast batteries on the Canal zone, two million dollars; "For the purchase, manufacture and test of sea-coast cannon for coast defence, including their earriages, sights, implements, equipments and machinery necessary for the manufacture at the arsenals (to cost ultimately not to exceed one million, nine hundred and sixty-six thousand dollars), one million dollars, the same to be immediately available and to continue available until expended." Public Law No. 302-An act making appropriations for Sundry Civil Expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, and for other purposes, approved August 24, 1912, contained the following appropriations for the fortification of the Isthmian Canal. For the following for fortifications and armament thereof for the Isthmian Canal, to be immediately available and to continue available until expended, namely: Surveys-For detalled surveys of the areas on the Canal zone required for military purposes, Including the cost of marking permanently the boundaries of such areas, $50,000; Causeway-For the construction of a causeway or bridge for use in connection with fortifications, Isthmian Canal, $150,000; Seacoast Batteries-For construction of seacoast batteries on the Canal zone, $1,000,000, and any balances of the appropriation for the construction of seacoast batteries on the Canal zone made by the act of March 4, 1911. Submarine Mine Structures-For the construction of mining casemates, cable galleries, torpedo storehouses, cable tanks and other structures necessary for the operation, preservation and care of submarine mines and their accessories on the Canal zone, $220,200; 134 The Panama Canal Act of 1912. THE PANAMA CANAL Continued. Field Fortifications and Camps-For the construction of field fortifications and the preparation of camp sites on the Canal zone, $200,000; Armament of Fortifications-For the purchase, manufacture and test of seacoast cannon for coast defence, including their carriages, sights, implements, equipments and the machinery necessary for the manufacture at the arsenals (to cost ultimately not to exceed $2,324,000), $500.000; For the purchase, manufacture and test of ammunition for seacoast cannon, including the necessary experiments in connection therewith, and the machinery necessary for its manufacture at the arsenals, $575,000; Submarine Mines-For the purchase of submarine mines and the necessary appliances to operate them for closing the channels leading to the Isthmian Canal, $111,750. In all, specifically for fortifications and armament thereof for the Isthmian Canal, $2,806,950. DISTANCE PROJECTILES HAVE BEEN THROWN FROM WARSHIPS THE following table will show the range of guns on board warships at an elevation of 15 degrees, which is, on board ship, the highest projectile range: Size of Gun. 3 inch 4 inch Distance projectile will be thrown. 4.80 miles 6.00 miles Size of Gun. 7 inch 8 inch Distance projectile will be thrown. 7.70 miles 10.00 miles 5 inch 6 inch 6.25 miles 10 inch 12 inch 10.80 miles All these guns have been fired, and, in a number of instances, the projectile has gone slightly further than indicated above. The 16-inch gun at Sandy Hook, which is the largest and, in fact, the only gun of this character in the Army, has a muzzle velocity of 2,150 feet per second. Computations indicate that, under the most favorable conditions as to elevation, it would throw a projectile weighing 2,400 pounds a distance of about 21 miles. The 12-inch rifle of the Army has a muzzle velocity of 2,250 feet per second, and will throw a projectile weighing 1,046 pounds about S.5 miles at the extreme elevation permitted by the carriage. The Panama Canal Act of 1912. PROVISION FOR THE PERMANENT COVERNMENT OF THE CANAL ZONE AND EXEMPTION OF COASTWISE VESSELS FROM TOLLS. THE Sixty-second Congress, Second Session, passed "An act to provide for the opening, maintenance, protection and operation of the Panama Canal and for the sanitation and government of the Canal zone," which was approved August 24, 1912, and is as follows: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the zone of land and land under water of the width of ten miles extending to the distance of five miles on each side of the centre line of the route of the canal now being constructed thereon, which zone begins in the Caribbean Sea three marine miles from mean low-water mark and extends to and across the Isthmus of Panama into the Pacific Ocean to the distance of three marine miles from mean low-water mark, excluding therefrom the cities of Panama and Colon and their adjacent harbors located within said zone, as excepted in the treaty with the Repubile of Panama dated November 18, 1903, but including all Islands within sald described zone, and in addition thereto the group of islands in the Bay of Panama named Perico, Naos, Culebra and Flamenco, and any lands and waters outside of said limits above described which are necessary or convenient or from time to time may become necessary or convenient for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation, or protection of the said canal or of any auxiliary canals, lakes, or other works necessary or convenient for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation, or protection of said canal, the use, occupancy, or control whereof were granted to the United States by the treaty between the United States and the Republic of Panama, the ratifications of which were exchanged February 26, 1904, shall be known and designated as the Canal zone, and the canal now being constructed thereon shall hereafter be known and designated as the Panama Canal. The President is authorized, by treaty with the Republic of Panama, to acquire any additional land or land under water not already granted, or which was excepted from the grant. that he may deem necessary for the operation, maintenance, sanitation, or protection of the Panama Canal, and to exchange any land or land under water not deemed necessary for such purposes for other land or land under water which may be deemed necessary for such purposes, which additional land or land under water so acquired shall become part of the Canal zone. Sec. 2. That all laws, orders, regulations, and ordinances adopted and promulgated in the Canal zone by order of the President for the government and sanitation of the Canal zone and the construction of the Panama Canal are hereby ratified and confirmed as valid and binding until Congress shall otherwise provide. The existing courts established in the Canal zone by Executive order are recognized and co firmed to continue in operation until the courts provided for in this act shall be established. Sec. 3. That the President is authorized to declare by Executive order that all land and land under water within the limits of the Canal zone is necessary for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation, or protection of the Panama Canal, and to extinguish, by agreement when advisable, all claims and titles of adverse claimants and occupants. Upon fallure to secure by agreement title to any such parcel of land or land under water the adverse claim or occupancy shall be disposed of and title thereto secured in the United States and compensation therefor fixed and paid in the manner provided in the aforesaid treaty with the Republic of Panama, or such modification of such treaty as may hereafter be made. A PERMANENT GOVERNMENT FOR THE CANAL ZONE. Sec. 4. That when in the judgment of the President the construction of the Panama Canal shall be sufficiently advanced toward completion to render the further services of the Isthmian Canal Commission unnecessary the President is authorized by Executive order to discontinue the Isthmian Canal Commission, which, together with the present organization, shall then cease to exist; and the President is authorized thereafter to complete, govern, and operate the Panama Canal and govern the Canal zone, or cause them to be completed, governed and operated, through a Governor of the Panama Canal and such other persons as he may deem competent to discharge the various duties connected with the completion, care, maintenance, sanitation, operation, government, and protection of the canal and Canal zone. If any of the persons appointed or employed as aforesaid shall be persons in the military or naval service of the United States, the amount of the official salary pald to any such person shall be deducted from the amount of salary or compensation provided by or which shall be fixed under the terms of this act. The Governor of the Panama Canal shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, commissioned for a term of four years, and until his successor shall be appointed and qualified. He shall receive a salary of ten thousand dollars a year. All other persons necessary for the completion, care, management, maintenance, sanitation, government, operation, and protection of the Panama Canal and Canal zone shall be appointed by the President, or by his authority, removable at his pleasure, and the compensation of such persons shall be fixed by the President, or by his authority, until such time as Congress may by law regulate the same, but salaries or compensation fixed hereunder by the President shall in no instance exceed by more than twenty-five per centum the salary or compensation paid for the same or similar services to persons employed by the Government in Continental United States. That upon the completion of the Panama Canal the President shall cause the same to be officially and formally opened for use and operation. Before the completion of the canal, the Commission of Arts may make report to the President of their recommendation regarding the artistic character of the structures of the canal, such report to be transmitted to Congress. NO TOLLS ON AMERICAN COASTWISE VESSELS. Sec. 5. That the President is hereby authorized to prescribe and from time to time_change the tolls that shall be levied by the Government of the United States for the use of the Panama Canal: Provided, That no tolls, when prescribed as above, shall be changed, unless six months' notice thereof shall have been given by the President by proclamation. No tolls shall be levied upon vessels engaged in the coastwise trade of the United States. That section forty-one hundred and thirty-two of the Revised Statutes is hereby amended to read as follows: "Sec. 4132. Vessels built within the United States and belonging wholly to citizens thereof; and vessels which may be captured in war by citizens of the United States and lawfully condemned as prize, or which may be adjudged to be forfeited for a breach of the laws of the United States; and seagoing vessels, whether steam or sall, which have been certified by the Steamboat Inspection Service as safe to carry dry and perishable cargo, not more than five years old at the time they apply for registry, wherever built, which are to engage only in trade with foreign countries or with the Philippine Islands and the islands of Guam and Tutulla, being wholly owned by citizens of the United States or corporations organized and chartered under the laws of the United States or of any State thereof, the President and managing directors of which shall be citizens of the United States or corporations organized and chartered under the laws of the United States or of any State thereof, the President and managing directors of which shall be citizens of the United States, and no others, may be registered as directed in this title. Foreign-bullt vessels registered pursuant to this act shall not engage In the coastwise trade: Provided, That a foreign-built yacht, pleasure boat, or vessel not used or intended to be used for trade admitted to American registry pursuant to this section shall not be exempt from the collection of ad valorem duty provided in section thirtyseven of the act approved August 5, 1909, entitled 'An act to provide revenue, equalize duties, and encourage the industries of the United States, and for other purposes.' That all materials of foreign production which may be necessary for the construction or repair of vessels built in the United States and all such materials necessary for the building or repair of their machinery and all articles necessary for their outfit and equipment may be imported into the United States free of duty under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe: Provided further, That such vessels so admitted under the provisions of this section may contract with the Postmaster-General under the act of March 3, 1891, entitled 'An act to provide for ocean mall service between the United States and foreign ports, and to promote commerce, so long as such vessels shall in all respects comply with the provisions and requirements of sald act." Tolls may be based upon gross or net registered tonnage, displacement tonnage, or otherwise, and may be based on one form of tonnage for warships and another for ships of commerce. The rate of tolls may be lower upon vessels in ballast than upon vessels carrying passengers or cargo. When based upon net registered tonnage for ships of commerce the tolls shall not exceed one dollar and twenty-five cents per net registered ton, nor be less, other than for vessels of the United States and its citizens, than the estimated proportionate cost of the actual maintenance and operation of the canal, subject, however, to the provisions of article nineteen of the convention between the United States and the Republic of Panama, entered into November 18, 1903. If the tolls shall not be based upon net registered tonnage, they shall not exceed the equivalent of one dollar and twentyfive cents per net registered ton as nearly as the same may be determined, nor be less than the equivalent of seventy-five cents per net registered ton. The toll for each passenger shall not be more than one dollar and fifty cents. The President is authorized to make and from time to time amend regulations governing the operation of the Panama Canal, and the passage and control of Vessels through the same or any part thereof, including the locks and approaches thereto, and all rules and regulations affecting pliots and pilotage in the canal or the approaches there to through the adjacent waters. Such regulations shall provide for prompt adjustment by agreement and immediate payment of claims for damages which may arise from injury to vessels, cargo, or passengers from the passing of vessels through the locks under the control of those operating them under such rules and regulations. In case of disagreement suit may be brought in the district court of the Canal zone against the Governor of the Panama Canal. The hearing and disposition of such cases shall be expedited and the judgment shall be immediately paid out of any moneys appropriated or allotted for canal operation. The remainder of the section provides for the method of adjusting all claims arising out of Injuries to employés. Section 6 provides for radio-communication at suitable places along the Panama Canal and adjacent coasts and for the establishment and maintenance of dry docks, repair shops, warehouses etc., for the use of the vessels using the canal. DUTIES OF THE GOVERNOR OF THE PANAMA CANAL. Sec. 7. That the Governor of the Panama Canal shall, in connection with the operation of such canal, have official control and jurisdiction over the Canal zone and shall perform all duties in connection with the civil government of the Canal zone, which is to be held, treated and governed as an adjunct of such Panama Canal. Unless in this act otherwise provided, all existing laws of the Canal zone referring to the civil Governor or the civil administration of the Canal zone shall be applicable to the Governor of the Panama Canal, who shall perform all such executive and adminis |