Lavate'ra. Calyx double, outer one 3-cleft; capsules many, seeds numerous. Ex.

STUART'IA. Calyx 5-parted; petals 5; stigma 5-lobed; capsule 5-celled, 5valved; cells 1 or 2-seeded; seeds long, ovate.

S.

HOPE'A. Calyx superior, 5-cleft; petals 5; stamens united in 5 groups; style 1; drupe 3-celled. (yellow-leaf.) S.

NUTTALLIA. Calyx 5-cleft, simple; capsules many, 1-seeded, annular. S. HALE'SIA. Calyx superior, 4-toothed; corolla 4-cleft; nut 4-sided, winged, covered with bark; 2 to 4-celled, 2 to 4-seeded. (snow-drop tree.) S.

STY RAX. Calyx inferior, bell-form, 5-toothed; corolla 5 to 7-parted; stamens 6 to 16, united at the base, standing in the throat of the corolla; anthers oblong, linear. S.

GORDO'NIA. Calyx connate at the base, simple, 5-leaved; style 5-sided; stigmas 5; capsule 5-celled, 5-valved; receptacle columnar; cells 2-seeded; seeds winged. S.

GOSSYP'IUM. Calyx double, outer one 3-cleft; capsule 4-celled; seeds involv ed in a tomentose mass. (cotton) Ex.

CORYDA'LIS. Calyx 2-leaved; corolla ringent, 1 or 2-spurred at the base; filaments 2, membranaceous, each with 3 anthers; capsules silique-like, 2-valved, compressed, many-seeded. In some species the stamens are separate, with broad membranaceous bases. (colic-weed.)

DICLY TRA. Petals 4, 2 outer ones equally spurred at the base; pod 2-valved, many-seeded. (Dutchman's breeches.)

FUMARIA. Calyx 2 leaved, caducous; corolla irregular, spurred, or gibbous at the base of one petal; filaments 2, each with 3 anthers; capsules or silicle drupe-like, 1-celled, 1-seeded, not opening by valves; seeds affixed to the side of the cell. (fumitory.)

ORDER VIII. OCTANDRIA.

PETALOS TEMON. Petals 5, nearly equal; 4 petals alternating with the stamens, and forming with them a cleft tube; legume included in the calyx, 1-seeded. S. POLYGALA. Calyx 5-leaved, permanent, unequal, 2 of the leafets wing-like, larger, coloured; corolla irregular, (or rather calyx 3-leaved, corolla imperfectly papilionaceous;) capsule obcordate, 2-celled, 2-valved; keel of the corolla sometimes appendaged; seeds hairy. (snake-root, milk-wort, low centaury, mountain-flax.)

ORDER X. DECANDRIA.

A. Legume without transverse divisions or partitions; seeds numerous. PI'SUM. Calyx with the divisions leaf-like, about equal; banner protruding 2-folds; style compressed, carinate, villose above; legume without down at the suture. (pea.)

LATHY'RUS. Calyx with the 2 upper divisions shorter; style flat, villose above, broader towards the top; stems mostly winged, leafets 2 or more, terminated by a divided tendril. (sweet pea.) S.

VICIA. Calyx emarginate above, 2-toothed; 3 straight long teeth below; banner emarginate; style bearded transversely on the lower side beneath the stig ma. (vetch.)

ER"VUM. Calyx 5-cleft; segments linear, acute, nearly equalling the corolla; stigma glabrous; legume oblong, 2-4-seeded. (creeping vetch.)

ORO BUS. Style linear; corolla long; calyx obtuse at the base; upper segments deeper, often shorter. (bitter-vetch.) S.

PHA CA. Keel obtuse, style not pubescent; stigma capitate; legume 1-celled, inflated. S.

PHASE OLUS. Keel, stamens, and style spirally twisted together; legume compressed, falcate; seeds sub-compressed, reniform. (bean.)

STROPHOS TYLES. GLYCINE. Keel, stamens, and style spirally twisted together; legume terete, with a longitudinal half-breadth partition, attached to one edge; seed reniform, sub-cylindric. (wild-bean.)

A'PIOS. GLYCINE. Calyx somewhat 2-lipped, truncate 1-toothed; keel of the

corolla falcate, bending back the apex of the banner; germ sheathed at the base; legume coriaceous, many-seeded. (ground-nut.)

AMPHICAR PA. Calyx bell-form, 4-toothed, obtuse, and naked at the base; petals oblong, banner broader, close pressed upon other petals, sub-sessile; stigma capitate; legume flat, stipid; seeds 2 to 4. (wild bean-vine.)

ROBINIA. Calyx small, bell-form, 4-cleft, upper division 2-parted; banner large, reflexed, roundish; legume compressed, elongated, many-seeded; seeds compressed, small. (locust-tree.) S.

GALACTIA. Calyx 4-toothed, with 4 bracts at the base; petals oblong, standard incumbent; anthers oblong; stigma obtuse; germ on a naked stipe; legume terete, many-seeded.

VEXILLA'RIA. Calyx surrounded at the base by 2 longer bracts, 5-cleft; corolla resupinate; standard large, covering the wings; style dilated at the apex; legume linear, compressed, straight, 2-valved, many-seeded. (butterfly-weed.) ASTRAGALUS. Keel obtuse; legume more or less completely 2-celled; lower suture inflexed. (milk vetch.)

GALEGA. Calyx with subulate teeth, nearly equal; standard large, roundish, pubescent without, reflexed, spreading; legume compressed; linear, manyseeded. (goat's rue)

MEDICA'GO. Keel of the corolla deflected from the standard; legume compressed, spiral. (lucerne clover.)

COLU'TEA. Calyx 5-cleft with the keel obtuse; style bearded on its back through its whole length; legume inflated, opening on the upper suture at the base. (bladder senna, bush locust.) Ex.

GLYCYRRHIZA. Calyx tubular, equal 5-parted, spurred at the base; standard erect, the sides reflexed; wings spreading; legume ovate; flowers in a raceme. (liquorice.) S.

OXYTRO'PIS. Keel mucronate; legume with the upper suture inflexed. S. INDIGO FERA. Calyx spreading; keel with a subulate spur both sides; legume linear, small, terete or quadrangular. (indigo) S.

B. Legume without transverse divisions or partitions; seeds few, or single.

MELILO'TUS. Flowers racemed; calyx tubular, 5-toothed; keel simple, shorter than the wings and banner; legume rugose, longer than the calyx, or about as long. (melilot clover.)

TRIFO LIUM. Flowers sub-capitate; legume included in the calyx, not opening by valves, I to 4-seeded; leaves always ternate. (clover.)

PSORA'LEA. Calyx 4-cleft, lower segments elongated; legume the length of the calyx, 1-seeded, beaked. S.

C. Fruit or loment in several joints, or in a single-seeded piece. HEDYS' ARUM. Calyx 4-cleft; keel of corolla transversely obtuse; loment many-jointed; joins 1-seeded, truncate, compressed, generally hispid; plants mostly with ternate leaves. (bush clover.)

LESPEDE/ZA. Calyx 5-parted, 2-bracted, divisions nearly equal; keel obtuse; legume 1-seeded; leaves always ternate. (bush clover.)

ESCHYNOMENE. Calyx 5-cleft, upper lip 2-cleft, lower lip 3-cleft; stamens in 2 equal sets; loment compressed, one suture straight, the other lobed.

STYLOSAN THES. Calyx tubular, very long, bearing the corolla; loment 1-2jointed, hooked.

CICER. Calyx 5-parted, of the length of the corolla, 4 upper divisions resting on the banner; legume turgid, 2-seeded. (chick pea.) Ex.

ZOR"NIA. Calyx inferior, bell-form, 2-lipped; banner cordate, revolute; anthers half oblong, half globose; loment jointed, hispid. S.

CORONILLA. Calyx 2-lipped; petals with claws; loment teretish, jointed flowers in umbels; seeds generally cylindric. (coronilla.) Ex. SESBA'NIA. Calyx 5-toothed; legume terete jointed. Ex.

D. Stamens united in one set.

AMOR"PHA. Calyx somewhat bell-form, 4 or 5-cleft; banner ovate, concave; wings and keel 0; legume 1 or 2-seeded, falcate. (false indigo.)

LUPINUS. Calyx 2-lipped; anthers, 5 oblong and 5 roundish; legume coriaceous, torulose. (lupine.)

CROTALA'RIA. Corolla with the banner cordate, large keel acuminate, the membrane formed by the united filament, has a fissure on the back; style curved; legume pedicelled, turgid. (rattle-box.)

GENIS'TA. Calyx 3-lipped, upper lip with 2, lower lip with 3, teeth. (dier's broom.)

SPARTIUM. Stigma longitudinal, pubescent above; filaments adhering to the Ovary; calyx lengthened at the base. (Spanish broom.) Ex.

U'LEX. Calyx 2-leaved, 2-bracted; stamens all united; legume about the length of the calyx, spinose. (furze.) S

ARA'CHIS. Calyx 2-lipped; corolla inverted; legume gibbous, torulose, veiny, coriaceous. (pea-nut.) Ex.

ERYTHRI'NA. Calyx 2-lipped; banner long lanceolate; legume torulose, manyseeded. (coral-tree.) S.

CICHO'RIUM. Calyx calycled; egret plumose, sessile, unequal; receptacle somewhat chaffy. (succory or endive.)

LEON TODON. Calyx double, imbricate, with flexible leafets; receptacle naked; egret stipid. (dandelion.)

PRENANTHES. Florets from 5 to 20, in a simple series, (or in one circular row;) calyx calycled; receptacle naked; egret simple, sub-sessile. (white lettuce.)

LACTU CA. Calyx imbricate, cylindric, with the margin of the scales membranaceous; receptacle naked; egret simple, stipid; seed smooth. (lettuce.)

HIERA CIUM. Calyx imbricate, ovate; egret simple, sessile; receptacle naked, punctate, or sub-pilose. [From white becoming yellowish.] (hawk-weed.) APAR GIA. Calyx imbricate; receptacle naked, punctate; egret plumose, sessile, unequal. (false hawk-weed.)

SON CHUS. Calyx imbricate, swelling at the base; receptacle naked; egret simple, sessile. (swine thistle.)

KRI GIA. Calyx many-leaved, simple; receptacle naked; egret double, exterior, 5 to 8-leaved, interior of 5, 8, or 24 scabrous bristles. (dwarf dandelion.) TROXI'IMON. Calyx oblong, cone-like, many-sepalled, sepals unequal, imbricate; receptacle naked; egret sessile, pilose. S.

APO'GON. Calyx 8-sepalled, in a double series; receptacle naked; egret 0. S CHONDRILLA. Receptacle naked; egret pilose, stipid; calyx calycled; florets in many series. S.

TRAGOPO'GON. Calyx simple, many-leaved; receptacle naked; egret plumose and stipid. (goat's-beard, vegetable oyster.) Ex.

B. Florets tubulous; flower capitate.

ARC'TIUM. Calyx globose, with scales hooked at the apex; egret chaff-bristly; receptacle chaffy. (burdock.)

CNICUS. Calyx swelling, imbricate, with prickly scales; receptacle villose, egret caducous, plumose. (thistle.)

CAR'DUUS. Calyx ovate, imbricate, with prickly scales; receptacle villose: egret pilose. (comb-tooth thistle.)

CARTHAMUS. Calyx ovate, imbricate with scales, ovatish, leafy at the apex egret chaff-hairy, or none; receptacle chaff-bristly. (false saffron.) Ex.

CYNARA. Receptacle bristly; calyx dilated, imbricate, scales with fleshy bases; emarginate and pointed; egret plumose, sessile. (garden artichoke.) Ex. ONOPOR" DON. Calyx ventricose, imbricate, with spreading, spinous scales; receptacle alveolate; egret capillary, deciduous, scabrous. (cotton thistle.) LIA TRIS. Calyx oblong, imbricate; receptacle naked; egret plumose, persistent, (mostly coloured;) seed pubescent, striate.

VERNO'NIA. Calyx imbricate, ovate, egret double, exterior short, chaffy; interior capillary; receptacle naked; stigma 2-cleft.

C. Florets tubulous; flower discoid.

EUPATO'RIUM. Calyx imbricated, (rarely simple) oblong; style long, cloven half way down; egret pilose, scabrous, or rough papillose; receptacle naked; seed smooth and glandular, 5 striate. (boneset, thoroughwort, joepye.)

MIKA'NIA. Calyx 4-6-leaved, 4-6-flowered; receptacle naked; egret pilose. KUH'NIA. Calyx imbricate, cylindric; receptacle naked; egret plumose, sessile; seed pubescent, striate. (false boneset.)

CHRYSOCO'MA. Calyx imbricate, oblong; receptacle naked; egret hairy, scabrous; seed pubescent. (golden-locks.)

CACA'LIA. Calyx cylindric, scaly at the base; receptacle naked; egret hairy. (wild-caraway.)

SPARGANO'PHORUS. Calyx sub-globose, imbricate; scales secured at the point; receptacle naked; seed crowned with a cartilaginous, shining cup. (watercrown-cup.) S.

SANTOLINA. Calyx imbricate, hemispherical; scales keeled, with scarious points. S.

ORDER II. POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

A. Flowers discoid; the ray-florets being obsolete. TANACETUM. Calyx imbricate, hemispheric; scales acuminate; rays obsolete, 3-cleft; egret somewhat marginal; receptacle naked; flowers corymbed. (tansey.)

ARTEMI'SIA. Calyx imbricate, ovate, with scales rounded, converging; rayflorets subulate; egret 0; receptacle somewhat villose, or nakedish; flowers mostly rounded. (wormwood, southern-wood.) S.

GNAPHA'LIUM. Calyx imbricate, with the marginal scales rounded, scarious, shortish, glossy, coloured; receptacle naked; egret pilose or plumose, scabrous; florets of the ray subulate, of the disk entire. Sometimes all the florets are perfect. (life everlasting.)

BACCHARIS. Calyx imbricate, cylindric; scales ovate, sub-coriaceous; fertile florets mixed with the perfect; receptacle naked; egret hairy. (groundseltree.) B. Flowers radiate; the ligulate ray-florets very manifest. [Receptacle naked.] ERI GERON. Calyx imbricate, sub-hemispherical; florets of the ray very numerous and narrow; receptacle naked; egret double, outer minute, inner hairy, of few rays.

IN'ULA. Calyx imbricate, generally squarrose; egret simple, scabrous, somemes a minute, exterior, chaffy one; anthers ending in 2 bristles at the base; ray-florets numerous; always yellow. (elecampane.)

AS'TER. Calyx imbricate, the inferior scales generally spreading; egret simple, pilose; receptacle often deep-pitted; florets of the ray more than 10, except in a few species; colour purple or white, never yellow. (star-flower.)

SOLIDA GO. Calyx oblong or sub-cylindric, with oblong, narrow, pointed straight scales, imbricate, closed upon the flower; ray-florets about 5, and fewer than 10, lanceolate, 2-toothed, equal to, or shorter than, the calyx; filaments capillary, very short; style thread-form, equalling the length of the stamens, stigma-cleft, spreading; egret simple, pilose, scabrous; receptacle furrowed with dots or punctures; seeds oblong, ovate; yellow. (golden-rod.)

TUSSILA'GO. Calyx simple, swelling; scales equal, and equalling the disk, sub-membranous; pistillate florets ligulate or without teeth; egret simple, sessile; sometimes polygamous. (colt's-foot.)

CHRYSANTHEMUM. Calyx hemispherical, imbricate, with the scales membranous at the margin; egret none, or a narrow margin. (ox-eyed daisy, feverfew.)

BELLIS. Calyx hemispherical; scales equal; egret 0; receptacle conical; seed ovate. (garden daisy.) Ex.

TAGE'TES. Calyx simple, 1-leafed, 5-toothed, tubular; florets of the ray about 5, permanent; egret 5 erect awns. (marygold.) Ex.

ARNICA. Calyx hemispherical, leafets equal, longer than the disk; receptacle naked; egret simple, hairy; florets of the ray yellow, often destitute of anthers. SENE CIO. Calyx sub-cylindric, equal, scaly at the base; scales withered at the points; receptacle naked; egret simple; rays sometimes wanting. (fireweed.)

BOLTONIA. Calyx imbricate; rays numerous; receptacle conic, punctate; seeds flat; egret consisting of minute bristles, with 2 elongated and opposite bristles. (false chamomile.)

CHRYSOP'SIS. Calyx imbricated, ray-florets mostly yellow; receptacie naked; egret double; outer one chaffy, minute, inner one scabrous, many-rayed. S. DAHLIA. See description of species.

[Receptacle chaffy or hairy.]

ANTHEMIS. Calyx hemispherical; scales with scarious margins, nearly

equal; egret 0, or a membranous margin; florets of the ray more than 5; receptacle chaffs flat, with a rigid, acuminate apex; seed crowned with a membranous border or egret. (may-weed, chamomile.)

ACHILLE'A. Calyx imbricate, ovate unequal; egret 0; florets of the ray 5 to 10, roundish, dilated; flowers corymbed. (yarrow.)

HELIOPSIS. Calyx imbricate, with ovate linear lined scales; ray-florets linear, large; receptacle chaffy, conic; the chaffs lanceolate; seeds 4-sided ; egret 0. (sun-ray.)

HELENIUM. Calyx 1-leafed, many-parted; egret 5-awned, chaffy leaves; receptacle globose, naked in the disk, and chaffy in the ray only; florets of the ray half 3-cleft; seed villose; leaves decurrent. (false sunflower.)

VERBESI'NA. Calyx many-leaved; leafets disposed in a double series; rays about 5; receptacle chaffy; egret awned. (crown-beard.)

ZIN'NIA. Calyx ovate, cylindric; rays 5, entire, permanent; receptacle chaffy; egret 2, erect awns." (blood marygold.) S.

ORDER III. POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANIA.

HELIANTHUS. Calyx imbricate, sub-squarrose, leafy; receptacle flat, chaffy; egret 2-leaved, chaff-like, caducous. (sunflower, Jerusalem artichoke.) RUDBECKIA. Calyx consisting of a double series of leafets or scales; receptacle chaffy, conic; egret a 4-toothed margin, or 0. (cone-flower.)

BIDENS. Calyx sub-equal, leafy or scaly at the base; rays often wanting; receptacle chaffy, flat; egret of 2 or 4 awns; seed quadrangular. (burr marygold.)

COREOP"SIS. Calyx double; each series many-leaved; the interior equal and coloured; receptacle chaffy; scales flat; seed compressed, emarginate.

S.

CENTAUREA. Calyx various, mostly imbricate, roundish; egret simple, various; receptacle bristly; corollas of the ray, funnel-shape, longer, irregular. (blue-bottle, blessed thistle.) Ex.

ACTINOME'RIS. Calyx simple, many-leaved, foliaceous, sub-equal, remote, elongated, 4 to 8; receptacle small, chaffy; seed compressed; margin crowned with 2 persistent awns.

ORDER IV. POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA.

CALENDULA. Calyx many-leaved, equal; receptacle naked; egret none; seeds of the disk membranaceous. (pot marygold.) Ex.

SILPHIUM. Calyx squarrose, scales broad and leafy; receptacle chaffy ; seed flat, obcirdate, emarginate, bidentate.

POLYM'NIA. Calyx double, exterior 4 to 5-leaved; interior 10-leaved; leafets concave; receptacle chaffy; egret 0.

I'VA. Calyx about 5-parted; florets of the ray 5; receptacle having seeds obovate, naked. (high-water shrub.)

ELEPHAN"TOPUS. Partial calyx 4-flowered; florets 5-cleft, ligulate, perfect; receptacle naked; down setaceous. (elephant-foot.)

ECHI'NOPS. Proper calyx 1-flowered; corolla perfect, tubular; receptacle setose, (globe-thistle.) Ex.

A. Anthers adnate, sub-terminal, not caducous; masses of pollen affixed by the base, and made up of angular particles.

OR"CHIS. Corolla ringent-like, upper petal vaulted; lip dilated, spurred beneath; masses of pollen 2, adnate, terminal. (orchis.)

HABENA'RIA. Corolla ringent; lip spurred at the base beneath; stipes of the pollinia with naked and distinct glands; cells of the stalks adnate, or separated. B. Anther parallel with the stigma, not caducous; masses of pollen affixed to the summit of the stigma, and made up of farinaceous or angular particles. GOODYE'RA. Corolla ringent-like, the lower petals placed under the gibbous lip, which is divided above; style free; constituent particles of the masses of pollen angular. (rattlesnake-leaf, scrophula weed.)

NEOTT'IA. Corolla ringent; the 2 lower petals placed beneath the lip, which is beardless; interior petals converging; style wingless; pollen farinaceous.