Salsus. Salt-tasted. Salver-form. Corolla with a flat spreading border proceeding from the top of a tube: flower monopetalous. Sam'ara. A winged pericarp not opening by valves, as the maple. Sap. The watery fluid contained in the tubes and little cells of vegetables.

Sapor. Having taste.

Sarmentose. Running on the ground, and striking root from the joints only, as the strawberry. Sarcocarp. (From sarx, flesh, and karpos, fruit.) The fleshy part of fruit. Scaber, or Sca'brous. Rough. Scandens. Climbing.

Scape. A stalk which springs from the root, and supports flowers and fruit but no leaves, as the dandelion. Sca'rious. Having a thin membranous margin.

Scattered. Standing without any regular order.

Scions. Shoots proceeding laterally from the roots or bulb of a root. Secernant stimulants, are medicines which promote the internal secretions.

Secund. Unilateral, arranged on one side only.

Segment. A part or principal division of a leaf, calyx, or corolla. Sempervirens.

Living through the winter, and retaining its leaves. Sepal. Leaves or divisions of the calyx. Septa. Partitions that divide the interior of the fruit. Septiferous. Bearing septa.

two valves, having the seed attached to the two edges alternately. Simple. Not divided, branched or compounded.

Sin'uate. The margin hollowed out resembling a bay.

Sinus. A bay; applied to the plant, a roundish cavity in the edge of the leaf or petal.

So'ri. Plural of sorus; fruit-dots on ferns.

Sorose. A genus of fruits in Mirbel's classes.

Spa'dix. An elongated receptacle of flowers, commonly proceeding from a spatha.

Spa'tha. A sheathing calyx opening lengthwise on one side, and consisting of one or more valves. Spatulate. Large, obtuse at the end, gradually tapering into a stalk at the base.

Spe'cies. The lowest division of vegetables.

Specific. Belonging to a species only. Sperma. Seed.

Spike. A kind of inflorescence in which the flowers are sessile, or nearly so, as in the mullein, or wheat. Spike'let. A small spike. Spindle-shaped. Thick at top, gradually tapering, fusiform.

Spine. A thorn or sharp process growing from the wood.

Spinescent. Bearing spines or thorns. Spino'sus. Thorny.

Spiral. Twisted like a screw. Sporules. That part in cryptogamous plants which answers to seeds.

saw.

Ser'rulate. Minutely serrate.

Sessile. Sitting down; placed immediately on the main stem without a foot-stalk.

Seta. A bristle.
Seta'ceous. Bristle-form.

Setose. Covered with bristles.
Shaft. A pillar, sometimes applied to
the style.

Sheath. A tubular or folded leafy portion including within it the stem. Shoot. Each tree and shrub sends forth annually a large shoot in the spring and a smaller one from the end of that in June.

Shrub. A plant with a woody stem, branching out nearer the ground than a tree, usually smaller. Sic'cus. Dry.

a flower, commonly the nectary. Spur red-rye. A morbid swelling of the seed, of a black or dark colour, sometimes called ergot; the black kind is called the malignant ergot. Grain growing in low, moist ground, or new land, is most subject to it. Squamo'se. Scaly.

Squarro'se. Ragged, having divergent scales.

Stamen. That part of the flower on which the artificial classes are founded.

Stam'inate. Having stamens without pistils.

Standard. See Banner.
Stel'late. Like a star.

Stem. A general supporter of leaves,
flowers, and fruit.
Stemless. Having no stem.
Ster'il. Barren.

Stigma. The summit, or top of the pistil.

Stipe. The stem of a fern, or fungus

also the stem of the down of seeds, as in the dandelion. Stip'itate. Supported by a stipe. Stip'ule. A leafy appendage, situated at the base or petioles, or leaves. Stoloniferous. Putting forth scions, or running shoots.

Stramin'eous. Staw-like, straw-coloured.

Strap-form. Ligulate.

Stratum. A layer; plural, strata. Striate. Marked with fine parallel

lines.

Strictus. Stiff and straight, erect. Strigose. Armed with close thick bristles.

Strobilum. A cone, an ament with woody scales.

Style. That part of the pistil which is
between the stigma and the germ.
Styli'des. Plants with a very long style.
Sua'vis. Sweet, agreeable.
Sub. Used as a diminutive, prefixed to
different terms to imply the existence
of a quality in an inferior degree; in
English, may be rendered by some-
what; it also signifies under, or less
than.

Sub'acute. Somewhat acute.
Subero se. Corky.

Submersed. Growing under water.
Sub'sessile. Almost sessile.
Subterraneous. Growing and flowering
under ground.
Subtus. Beneath.'

Sub'ulale. Awl-shaped, narrow and sharp pointed. See Awl-form. Succulent. Juicy; it is also applied to a pulpy leaf, whether juicy or not. Sucker. A shoot from the root by which the plant may be propagated. Suffruticosc. Somewhat shrubby, shrubby at the base; an under shrub. Sulcate. Furrowed, marked with deep lines.

as constitute the class Syngenesia, being also compound flowers. Syn'onyms. Synonymous, different names for the same plant. Synop'sis. A condensed view of a subject, or science.

T

Taxon'omy. (From taxis, order, and nomos, law.) Method of classification.

Teeth of Mosses. The outer fringe of the peristomium is generally in 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 divisions; these are called teeth.

Tegens. Covering.

Teg'ument. The skin or covering of seeds; often burst off on boiling, as in the pea.

Temperature. The degree of heat and cold to which any place is subject, not wholly dependant upon latitude, being affected by elevation; the mountains of the torrid zone produce the plants of the frigid zone. In cold regions white and blue petals are more common, in warm regions red and other vivid colours; in the spring we have more white petals, in the autumn more yellow ones. Ten'dril. A filiform or thread-like appendage of some climbing plants, by which they are supported by twining round other objects. Tenel'lus. Tender, fragile. Tenuifolius. Slender-leaved. Tenuis. Thin and slender. Ter'ete. Round, cylindrical, tapering. Terminal. Extreme, situated at the end.

Ternate. Three together, as the leaves

of the clover.

Tetradyn'amous. With four long and
two short stamens.
Tetran'drous. Having four stamens.
Thorn. A sharp process from the

woody part of the plant; considered as an imperfect, indurated bud. Thyrse. A panicle which is dense. Tige. See Caulis.

Tinctorious. Plants containing colouring matter.

Tomen'tose. Downy; covered with fine matted pubescence. Tonic. (From tono, to strengthen.) Medicines which increase the tone of the muscular fibre. Toothed. See Dentate.

Torose. Uneven, alternately elevated and depressed. Torulose. Slightly torose. Trachea. Names given to vessels supposed to be designed for receiving and distributing air.

tion, as if cut off.

Trunk. The stem or bole of a tree.
Tube. The lower hollow cylinder of a
monopetalous corolla.
Tuber. A solid fleshy knob.
Tuberous. Thick and fleshy, contain-
ing tubers, as the potato.
Tubular. Shaped like a tube, hollow.
Tu'nicate. Coated with surrounding
layers, as in the onion.
Turgid. Swelled, inflated.

Villose. Hairy, the hairs long and soft.
Viola'ceous. Violet-coloured.
Villus. Soft hairs.

Vires'cens. Inclining to green.
Virgate. Long and slender. Wand-like.
Vir'idis. Green.

Virgultum. A small twig.
Virose. Nauseous to the smell, poison-