clear my path by using phrases easily understood, and avoiding questions too intricate, and subtleties too refined.

As I do not wish to anticipate any of my conclusions, I forbear to enter into a general view of the principles it is my object to support: For believing the subject to be connected in a chain of reasoning, however loosely in some parts, I have the less reluctance in requesting my reader to follow it, with what patience he may be able to exercise, to the end.

I do not flatter myself that the view I have taken is original; yet I think it, on the whole, important. Neither do I flatter myself, that the inferences I have drawn will be generally received; though I believe them to be founded in Truth. For, some of them seem to be opposed to great authorities; but I have satisfaction in thinking that they are not opposed to the greater authority of Scripture. In reference therefore to the authors with whom I differ-and I am not alone in differing from them-I can feelingly apply the often quoted saying,-Amicus Socrates, amicus Plato, sed magis amica Veritas.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PART I.

OF THE PHYSICAL RELATIONS OF INSTINCT.

Introductory Remarks.....

CHAP. I.

GENERAL VIEW OF DIFFERENT WRITERS OPI-

NIONS ON THE SUBJECT: THE ARRANGE-

PAGE

1

MENT PROPOSED. INSTINCT CONTRASTED

WITH REASON

Sect 1. General view of different writers opi-
nions, &c.

2. Instinct contrasted with Reason..

CHAP. II.

EXAMPLES OF INSTINCT IN THE WORKS OF

ANIMALS, AND THE CARE OF THEIR YOUNG,

AND CHOICE OF FOOD-REMARKS ON THE

ADAPTATION OF STRUCTURE TO CLIMATE,

AND OF HABIT AND DISPOSITION TO STRUC-

TURE...

Sect. I. Examples of Instinct in the works of

Animals and care of their young...

2. Of Instinct in Animals in their choice

of food..

Sect. 3. Of the adaptation of structure to cli-

mate.....

PAGE

27

32

4. Adaptation of Hubit and Disposition

to structure, &c.

CHAP. III.

OF THE INSTINCTS IN MAN

CHAP. IV.

40

OF CERTAIN ACTIONS IN THE LOWER ANIMALS,

IN SOME DEGREE DISTINGUISHABLE FROM

Sect. 1. Of the effects of Human Intercourse on

the lower Animals

2. Of the perfection of the natural Senses,

as distinguishable from Instinct....

3. Of the migrations of Animals ....

4. Of the power of Reasoning in Animals

CHAP. V.

OF THE ACCOMMODATING POWER OF INSTINCT,

AND INFERENCES FROM THE FACTS.....

CHAP. VI.

52

ib.

63

70

77

... 102

OF THE ASCENDING SCALE OF INSTINCTIVE OR

UNCONSCIOUS MOTIONS-COMPRISING IN-

ANIMATE, VEGETABLE, AND ANIMAL MO-

123

Sect. 1. Of inanimate and vegetable motions... ib.

2. Of animal motions

3. Of the connected chain of functions in

vegetable, muscular, and nervous

systems....

CHAP. VII.

ON THE ZOOLOGICAL LECTURES OF WM.

131

LAWRENCE, F.R.S.

143

CHAP. VIII.

PAGE

RECAPITULATION-THE PERFECTION OF IN-

STINCT IN ITS PHYSICAL OPERATIONS, AND

THE IMPERFECTION OF HUMAN REASON.... 162

Sect. 1. Recapitulation

2. Perfection of Instinct..

3. Imperfection of Reason...

CHAP. IX.

OF REASON, AND THE EXTREMES OF OPINION

RESPECTING IT-ITS EXTENT OR USES, AND

LIMITATION OR INSUFFICIENCY....

Sect. 1. Of Reason, and the extremes of opinion

respecting it.....

2. Uses of Reason....

3. Limitation of Reason......

ib.

168

173

177

ib.

PART II.

OF THE MORAL RELATIONS OF INSTINCT.

CHAP. I.

OF THE OPINIONS OF PHILOSOPHERS ON THE

SUBJECT OF A DIVINE INTELLIGENCE IN

THE HUMAN MIND...

Sect. 1. Authorities in support of the view now

taken....

2. Of the testimonies in favour of such a

principle analogous to Instinct and

superior to Reason ....

199

ib.

205

3. On the enlarged use of the word Reason 211

CHAP. II.

PAGE

228

OF THE NATURE OF THE MENTAL FACULTIES,

AND THE PRIMARY ELEMENTS OF REASON-

ING AND MORAL FEELING..

Sect. 1. Of the nature of the Mental Faculties. ib.

2. Of the primary elements of Reasoning 235

3. Of the primary elements of Moral Feel-

CHAP. III.

ing

ON THE SYSTEM OF LOCKE..

CHAP. IV.

OF THE ANALOGY BETWEEN MENTAL PRIN-

CIPLES AND SEEDS, AND BETWEEN EDUCA-

TION AND CULTURE

Sect. 1. Of the analogy between Mental Prin-

2. Of the office and effect of Education

compared with Culture.....

3. Illustrations of the same subject ......

CHAP. V.

244

256

277

ib.

290

295

OF FIRST PRINCIPLES AND INNATE IDEAS... 311

CHAP. VI.

OF THE SEEDS OF VICE AND VIRTUE, AND OF

BENEVOLENCE AND SELF-LOVE..

Sect. 1. Of the Seeds of Vice.....

2. Of the Seed of Virtue

...

3. Of Benevolence and Self-Love

CHAP. VII.

OF CONSCIENCE AND ITS SIGNIFICATIONS-

INCLUDING REMARKS ON THE REASONINGS

333

ib.

339

359

OF LOCKE ON INNATE MORAL PRINCIPLES 364

Sect. 1. Of its comprehensive signification..... ib.

2. Of its limited signification..

376