Blood, characteristics of, 85, 86.

composition of, 87, 88.

value of, to the body, 88, 89.
character of, in arteries, 91.
character of, in veins, 91.

effect of slow movement on purity
of, 97.

circulation of, affected by alcohol,

100, IOI.

reason for rapid movement of, 106.
color of, affected by carbon dioxid,
107.

when pure and when impure, 110.
treatment of, by the liver, 188, 189.
Blood vessels, in connective tissue, 25.
capacity and elasticity of, 80, 82.
when refilled with salted water, 82.
surroundings of, 92.

exchanges through walls of, 98.
affected by alcohol, 101.

Body, shape of, influenced by exercise,
14-19.

training of, to endure, 18.

changes in temperature of, 231, 232.

Bones, measurement of, 1, 2.

shaped by pressure, 3, 4.
laws of growth of, 4.
records made by, 7.

influenced by habits at school desk,
9, 10.

outside structure of, 30, 32.
internal structure of, 32.
when treated with acid, 32.
lime of, how secured, 32.
composition of, 32.

condition of, during youth and age,
33.

when pliable, 33, 34.

shapes of, 34.

how made larger and rougher, 36.

of the foot, 40-42.

Brain, 260.

description of, 261-265.

location of, 265.

Breathing, why best through nose, 115.
Breathlessness, description of, 104, 105

relation of muscles to, 105, 106.
three things which produce, 106.
old notion about cause of, 106.
relation of, to exercise, 107, 108.
cause of, 108.

how regulated, 109.

Bridgman, Laura, cortex of brain of, 285.

Canada and prohibition, 217.
Cannon, Dr., 154, 155, 157, 160, 175, 290.
Capillaries, description of, 78, 80.

when broken into, 85.

exchange of liquids and gases
through the walls of, 89, 92.
destruction of, by electricity, 96.
when distended, 96, 97.

condition of, during exercise, 223.
Carbohydrate, its nature, 150.

value of, to the body, 150, 151.
proportion of, in human body, 152.
effect of saliva on, 181, 182.
disposal of surplus of, 193.
Carbon dioxid, in lymph, 91.

production of, by exercise, 106.
amount of, given off under differ-
ing conditions, 107.

in arterial blood, 108.
expulsion of, from lungs, III.
Carpenter, Dr., 282.
Cartilage, 3, 12.

Cats, study of, during digestion, 1 54–161.
Cerebellum, location of, 262, 263.

Chyme, passage of, through pylorus,
157.

on leaving the stomach, 172.
Cigarettes, why given up by school-
boys, 54.

to investigate effects of, 55.
Circulation of blood, discoveries about,
by Harvey, 69, 70.
time required for, 76.

effect of alcohol on, 98, 101.
Clothing, value of flannel as opposed
to cotton fabrics for, 232.

Cold, symptoms of, 223.
cause of, 224.

why objectionable, 224.
treatment of, 224, 225.
to prevent taking, 230.
Connective tissue, where found, 25.

relation of, to tough and tender
meat, 26.

Corpuscles, under the microscope, 86,
87.

description of, 87, 88.

Corpuscles (white), behavior of, during
a cold, 223, 224.

Cortex of brain, description of, 264, 265.
developed by use, 283-286.

Courtney, C. E., 57.

Cox, Dr. Hiram, 138.

Culex, a mosquito, 239.

Curvature, cases of, in different schools,
IO, II.

how contracted at desk, 11, 12.
why objectionable, 12.

how prevented, 12, 13.

Elephant with sprained ankle, 45.

Epidemics, spread of, 241–246.
prevention of, 245, 246.

Epidermis, description of, 221.
Exercise, curvature prevented by, 12,
13.

effect of, on shape of body, 14–19.
taken without apparatus, 20, 22.
effect of, on muscle fiber, 26.
effect of, on bones, 36, 38.
for flat feet, 42.

need of, in cities, 53.

to study effect of, on heart, 60, 62.
in training of the heart, 62, 67.
relation of, to blood supply, 83, 84.
advantage of, to flow of lymph, 94.
production of carbon dioxid by

means of, 105, 106.

relation of, to demand of muscles
for oxygen, 106, 107.

relation of, to breathlessness, 107,
108.

lung capacity increased by, 110,

113-115.

effect of, on abdomen, 202.

effect of, on capillaries, 223.

effect of, on fat, 224.

relation of, to bodily temperature,

228.

cooling off after, 230.

Faisans, Dr., 211.

Fat, a food substance, 148.

as reserve fuel, 229.

how reduced by exercise, 229.
Federal amendment for prohibition,
vote in favor of, 215.

Fisher, Dr. Irving, 134.
Flies, as disease carriers, 236, 237.

relation of, to cleanliness, 239, 240.
Food, experiments in use of, 144-146.
value of, 147.

tables showing differing values of,
148-149.

different substances in, 150.
value of, as bulk, 152.

softened in the stomach, 157.
advantage of mastication for, 158,
181.

progress of, through tube, 175.
treatment of, by digestive juices,
175.

preparation of, for villi, 177, 178.
condition of, when absorbed by
villi, 178.

mistakes in use of, 179.
advantages in cooking, 185, 186.
facts concerning the use of, 187.
change of, into glycogen, 188.
relation of, to bodily heat, 229.
Food tube, size and length of, 172.
nourishment passing through walls
of, 172.

contraction and relaxation of, 173.
when clogged, 176.
Foot, ligaments of, 42.

bones of, 42.

flat, test of, 42.

flat, exercise for, 42.

rules for treatment of, 43, 44.
health requirements for, 44.

Galen, 68.

Ganglia, of sympathetic nervous sys-
tem, 288, 289.

Ganglia, effect of happiness on, 291.
how influenced, 292.
Ganglion, description of, 271.
Gastric glands, location and work of,
183.

structure of, 183, 184.

Gastric juice, effect of, on food, 174.
flow of, affected by worry, 179.
power of, 183.

increased flow of, 184.

laws controlling flow of, 185.
Gelatin, how secured, 32.

Germany, experiments in use of alcohol
carried on by teachers in, 247, 248.
Gianini, Mr., New York Athletic Club,
58.

Harvard Medical School, 154.
Harvey, William, 68, 69, 70, 71.
Heart, as affected by tobacco, 54, 56.
importance of training in develop-
ment of, 63-65.
how injured, 63.
description of, 63.
how overtaxed, 63, 64.
how strengthened, 65, 67.
condition of, when overtaxed, 66.
of wild and caged animals, 66.
work of, 70.

number of beats of, per minute,

70.

amount of blood pumped by, 70.
relation of, to veins and arteries,

73-75, 81.

structure of, 73, 74.

affected by alcohol, 100-103.

forced work of, 106.

when overworked, 107,

training of, 107.

Heart beat, relation of, to pulse beat,

60, 61.

affected by quick run, 61.
independence of, 287.
how controlled, 288.

Ligaments, of foot, 41.
when strained, 45.
of knee and hip, 49.
description of, 49, 50.
work of, 50.

Liver, a chemical laboratory, 188.
occupations of, 188, 189.

condition of, when raw, 189, 190.
effect of alcohol on, 190-192.
effect of lacing on, 196.

work of, helped by diaphragm, 200.
London, residence of William Harvey,
68.

"Lung Block," 120.

Lungs, expansion of, 109.

how to permanently increase size
of, 110, 113, 114.
description of, 110, III.
work of, III, 112.

advantage of size and health of,

113, 114.

effect of lacing on, 200.

Lymph, where found, 90, 93.
nature and value of, 91.

relation of, to carbon dioxid, 91.

importance of, 91.

constituents of, 92.
office of, 92.

appearance of, 93.

exchanges of, with plasma, 93.
flow of, aided by exercise, 94.
what it receives from plasma, 94.
union of, with circulatory system, 95.
when fresh, 95.

Lymphatic tubes, origin of, 92, 94.
structure of, 94.
size of, 95.

McBride, Mr., 57.
Measles, 241.

Meat, substitutes for, 152, 153.
Mernetsch, staff surgeon, 251.
Metchnikoff, Professor, 293, 294, 295,

297.

Microbes, relation of, to drinking-water,

162, 164.

relation of, to milk, 169-171.
relation of, to bodily waste, 176.
on schoolroom drinking cup, 233.
how to avoid them, 234.
relation of, to eye epidemics, 235.
passed about on pencil point, 236.
how conveyed by flies, 236, 237.
danger from, through mosquitoes,
237-239.

attacked by phagocytes, 300-302.
Milk, dangers from, 169, 171.

best conditions for purity of, 170.

why swallowed in sips, 182, 183.
Muirhead, Dr., 302.

Mosquitoes as disease carriers, 237-
239.

how exterminated, 240.

Muscles, influence of hard work on, 14,

Muscles, as affected by exercises, 105,
106.

work of, to reduce fat, 229.

Nansen, Mr., views of, about alcohol, 58.
Nebraska, ratification of national pro-
hibition by, 215.

Nerve cells, description of, 270–272.
of cerebellum, 276.

training of, 276-279, 280-283.
four laws of, 279.

of the senses, 280.

Nerve fibers, description of, 266–268.
effect of cutting on, 269, 270.
relation of, to nerve cell, 271–273.
Nerves, relation of, to sensation, 254.
previous notions about, 255.

as seen by use of microscope, 255.
arrangement of, in groups, 255, 256.
as exercised in case of burning
baby, 256, 257-

location of, 258, 259.

Nervous system, sympathetic, 287–292.
Nippon, island of, 205.

Nose, explanation of color of, 97.

Oarsmen, straight and bent backs of,
how explained, 16.

Okushiri, island of, 205.

Okushiri islanders, history of prohi-
bition experiment among, 205,

209.

action of, in choosing food or

drink, 206–209.

Oporto, wine exported from, 139.
Oxygen, in the blood, 91.

need of, during exercise, 106.
in the lungs, III, 112.

Paris, anti-alcohol posters in, 211.

Patent medicine, harmful ingredients

of, 142.

effect of, on patient, 142.

proportion of alcohol in, 143.