To secure these results, houses must be connected with a sewer system that carries all human waste to some distant point. When this is impossible, houses—whether private home or schoolhouse-must each have what is known as a sanitary privy of its own. In other words, the one important point is to keep the ground free from human pollution. And the one danger from this pollution is that it may have hookworm eggs in it by the hundred and the thousand.

The following medical commands must be obeyed by all who live in hookworm regions.

1. Stop soil pollution.

2. Build and use sanitary outhouses.

3. Never go barefoot unless the ground is perfectly dry; never put bare feet in muddy places.

4. Always wear shoes when it is raining, when the ground is wet, even when dew is on the ground.

5. If you get ground itch, go to the doctor about it at once.

6. Always take treatment for hookworm disease within three months after you have had an attack of ground itch.

All doctors say that going with bare feet over wet ground is the principal cause of hookworm disease.

In these days, all intelligent people are trying, by the aid of prevention, to save themselves and their neighbors from the truly preventable hookworm disease.

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER I

How do some cities get the records of a man? Which gives the better record, a photograph or the measurements of certain bones? After what age are bones set for life? Why does a nurse support the head and back of a young baby? How do Indian mothers secure flat heads for their children? Give two laws of bone growth. Describe the appearance of the boy who failed to get work. Describe the boy who secured work. In what ways does the body tell facts about us? How much responsibility have we for the bodies we live in?

CHAPTER II

Were you satisfied or dissatisfied with the examination of your own body? What points did you decide to change? Mention some objectionable positions to take when seated. Tell why each is objectionable. What difference is there between sitting with a twist in the back once in a while and taking the same position most of the time? What must be guarded against? Was it the older or the younger girls in the German school that had most trouble from lateral curvature of the spine? Why was this? Mention various positions that bring curves to the spine. What objection is there to these curves? Give four laws of prevention.

CHAPTER III

Mention the case of the strong, bent back, and tell how it was secured. Why do certain bicycle riders have bent backs? What law explains the

strong but bent back? How did a traveling man lower his shoulder? Describe the backs of two oarsmen, and tell why one is curved and the other straight even when they walk. Why does the hand of a piano player stay open even when he is not playing? Why do the fingers of an oarsman curl up even when he is not rowing? Mention such occupations as you think may change the shape of the body. Why is the body thus changed? Give the second great law about muscles stretching and contracting. How may a man who works in a bent position save himself from the evil effects of his work? Give such examples as you can call to mind.

CHAPTER IV

What did the doctor tell his audience they could do with their bodies? How did the student show what the muscles can do? How did his back and arms look before he forced the muscles into action? What was it that raised bunches here and there a moment later? How could muscles be pulled up so short and hard without the use of apparatus? What did the man pull against? What did the lecturer say about the way to develop muscles without apparatus? How often and for how long a time should the exercises be taken? How much change did the student say he had made in the size of his own arm within one month? What should be done to make a close examination of the structure of a muscle? What is a muscle fiber? What can you say about the size and the shape of different muscles? How is each formed? What is the sarcolemma? Where is the connective tissue? What lies within the connective tissue? Of what use are the fine threads of connective tissues that stretch away from the ends of muscle fibers? What do they help form? How do you explain the difference between tough and tender meat? Why is a spring chicken tender? How can you toughen your own muscle? Describe voluntary muscles. What is the work of involuntary muscles? How much do the muscles as a whole weigh? Can you mention the name of any muscle?

CHAPTER V

In what way do bones help muscies? How do muscles and tendons help bones? Describe the outside of a fresh bone. Describe the inside of a fresh bone. What is the advantage in having bones made in this way? What would a magnifying glass show? What two things can a chemist do to a bone? What good thing does a cook get from a bone? What are the two important substances which together form bone? Why should aged people be careful not to fall? Why do their bones break more easily than those of children? Why are young bones pliable? If, being young, you wish to change the shape of your chest, how will you do it? Describe the shape of different bones. How many are there in a human being? What is a vertebra? How many vertebræ are there? How are they held together? Explain how vertebræ may become wedge-shaped. What effect does hard work have on the bones?

CHAPTER VI

Describe the small foot of a Chinese lady. How was it secured? How useful was it? How many bones are there in the foot? How are they joined to each other? In order to have the foot in thoroughly good condition and as useful as possible, how much freedom should the muscles, bones, and tendons have? Which is most desirable, the flat or the arched foot? How can you decide which kind you have? If you have a tendency to flat feet, how can you help yourself? Why should feet be uncramped? What explains the ruined shape of many feet? In buying shoes, what points should be kept in mind? Why are tight garters objectionable?

CHAPTER VII

What fastens a muscle to a bone? Just how does a muscle help move a bone? To what bones are those tendons fastened which belong to the muscle which forms the calf of the leg? Where is the

contracting done, in muscle or tendon? What sometimes occurs to the bone when a tendon is badly strained? What connection is there between joints and the direction which bones shall take? Describe the joints which lie between the skull and the spine. Where do we find important ball-and-socket joints? What sort of joint is there at the knee? What is the difference between tendon and ligament? What is it that holds bones to each other? Name two kinds of joints. Where do you find examples of each?

CHAPTER VIII

In what ways do boys in some cities get their exercise? Of what advantage is this exercise? How does it happen that more attention is paid to the health of children to-day than ever before in the history of the world? What do the best athletic trainers of the country say about the use of alcohol and tobacco by their men? What part of the body does tobacco harm the most? What is the usual record, on the athletic field and in the class room, of those who habitually use cigarettes? Why has the American army often refused men who wished to join it as soldiers? Why should men with weak hearts keep out of the army? What did Mr. McBride say about the use of tobacco and alcohol by football players at Yale? What does Mr. Edwards say for the Princeton team? What does Mr. Stagg say? What does Mr. Gianinido say for the New York Athletic Club? Why did Nansen take no alcohol with him when he left the Fram?

CHAPTER IX

Tell how you may get the standard of your heartbeat when standing. How can you increase your heart beat? By what tests can you prove that your pulse shows what the rate of your heartbeat is? What dif ference do you find in your own case between your normal pulse and your pulse after a short, quick run? What other facts have you learned about your pulse? Is it by the exercise of large or small muscles that you