14. What is a "good loser"? 15. Do you know of any state parks? Where? Of what value are they? 16. What are some of our great national parks? Describe any one that you have visited. 17. How much money does your city appropriate each year for recreation? 18. What department in your city has charge of recreation? 19. What private organizations are also working to promote recreation in your city? SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 1. "List of References on Play and Playgrounds." Published in 1919 by the Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C. 2. Report of your municipal department administering recreation. 3. "General Statistics of Cities, 1916 (including statistics of Parks, Playgrounds, etc.)." Published by the Census Bureau, Washington, D. C. 4. "Education Through Play," by Henry S. Curtis. 5. “Parks, Their Design, Equipment and Use," by George Burnap. 6. "Playground." Published monthly by the Playground and Recreation Association of America, 1 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. 7. "Adult Recreation as a Social Problem," by Edward A. Ross, in the "American Journal of Sociology" for January, 1918, pp. 516-528. 8. "The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets," by Jane Addams. 66 9. Amusements and Recreation in Milwaukee.' Published by the Playground and Recreation Association of America. 10. "Public Recreation." Published by the Commonwealth Club of San Francisco, 1913. 11. "Play and Recreation in a Town of 6,000 (Ipswich, Mass.)," by H. R. Knight. Published by the Sage Foundation. 12. Community Recreation.' Published by the Playground and Recreation Association of America. 13. "Layout and Equipment of Playgrounds." Published by the Playground and Recreation Association of America, 1921. 14. "Pioneering for Play." Published by the Playground and Recreation Association of America, 1921. 15. "The Play Movement and Its Significance," by Henry S. Curtis. 16. "Our National Parks," by John Muir. 66 17. African Game Trails," by Theodore Roosevelt. 18. "Good Hunting in Pursuit of Big Game in the West," by Theodore Roosevelt. 19. United States Department of the Interior. National Parks Portfolios. 20. Cleveland Recreation Survey. CHAPTER IV SOCIAL CARE OF DEPENDENTS INTRODUCTORY LESSON PLAN Make a list of the cases of poverty with which you come into contact during a week. a. Street beggars. b. Tramps who come to your home to beg for food, clothes or money. c. Any other cases. In each case ask the individual why he is not working. Give him the name and address of a local charitable society which you know. Visit the office of the society and inquire whether any of these cases have called there, and if so, what was done about them. After a week has passed, make a note of what you have learned concerning a. The number of cases of actual poverty among those which you have noted. b. The reasons for the destitution in each case. c. What is being done to help these cases. 1. THE PROBLEM If we encounter a poor person who asks our help, most of us give a small amount of money and pass on. We take no trouble to investigate the reason why this individual is in need. We think we have done quite enough by giving a little money, and we have not the least idea that we may have done harm instead of good. In former times this careless, haphazard way was the way in which most of these unfortunates were treated. Now a city employs trained workers who not only give momentary relief, but investigate each case. There is an old saying, "the poor we have always with us." Perhaps that is entirely true, and we may never completely stamp out poverty. But we can certainly reduce the number of cases of poverty by wiser methods of managing each individual instance. Social work to-day is not satisfied with temporary relief. Its aim is to find the cause of poverty, and to remedy that cause. The danger that lies in indiscriminate and unquestioning giving is that it may cause these poor people to lose all self-respect and self-reliance, and to depend entirely on the help of others. The new method of social work is to help the poor Mayor People BOARD OF Division of Hospitals Division of Division of Relief Health City Division of to help themselves. Every city numbers among its inhabitants certain individuals who for some reason or other cannot support themselves, or who are so handicapped that they require special care or training. One of a city's constant problems is how best to take care of these wards-the poor, the aged and infirm, the insane, the blind, the deaf, and the crippled. From "The American City," May, 1920 2. PUBLIC CHARITY IS NOT A WELFARE ADMINISTRATION IN MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Health, Hospitals, Public Relief and NEW INSTITUTION Almshouses, hospitals for the poor, and orphan asylums are not new institutions. We find 7 members: The Mayor, ex officio, the Theodosian Code, nearly 4 members appointed by him and two thousand years ago, proconfirmed by the Council, 2 alder- viding for four different kinds of men chosen by the Council. There What is the advantage of having charitable institutions. these four community functions were guest houses that gave under the direct supervision of one hospitality to the stranger-poor. Executive group? These may have been similar to our municipal lodging-houses of to-day that give temporary food and shelter to men, women, and children who have no money and no place in the city to go. There were also poor houses, where the aged poor and the sick were taken care of. Besides these there were orphanages for children, and special houses provided for infants. The Church maintained these institutions; some of them were managed by monks, others by nuns. The Church devoted a large part of its income both to supporting such institutions and to taking relief directly into the homes of the poor. So far as we know there was no effort to find and stamp out the causes of poverty. The poor were simply maintained as pensioners of the Church. This unquestioning method of giving fostered a class of professional beggars that eventually became a growing burden on the community. It must be said, however, that during the Middle Ages the Church was the only institution that kept alive the feeling of kindness for the poor, the sick, and the orphaned. Later, when the gild system controlled industry, wealthy merchants often left money to their gilds to take care of the poor gild members. But after the 15th century, cities, which had begun to grow in size and in political power, established almshouses and hospitals. Since then the administration of charity has became increasingly a community function. 3. THE SICK AND THE INJURED Nowadays if a poor workman is knocked down by a vehicle, or overcome by heat in one of our cities, the policeman in that district telephones for an ambulance, which hurries him off to a city hospital for treatment. There he is cared for, fed the proper food, and discharged when he is able to go back to workall without cost to him if he is unable to pay. If a neighbor discovers that the people next door are in need, a report to the city charities department, or even a word to a policeman will bring an investigator to visit the needy family. The visitor will immediately order groceries, fuel, and medicines, if they are needed, and then try to find out why the family is in such straits. It may be that the man, the bread-winner of the family, is out of work. The investigator finds out why he has been discharged, what he is fitted to do, and then helps him get another position. Or it may be that the working members of the family are ill. Perhaps they are recently arrived immigrants who have not learned that the city helps people who are in trouble to get on their feet again. In that case the investigator may either arrange to have the ill ones taken to the hospital and the children cared for by neighbors or relatives, or by an institution; or he may have a visiting nurse come to take care SOCIAL SERVICE IN THE HOME A worker of the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor teaching a tenement mother how to prepare nutritious food for her children. of the sick in their homes, and thus keep the family together. The first hospital in the United States was established in Philadelphia, largely through the efforts of Benjamin Franklin. Now almost every one of our cities has a municipal hospital which treats without charge those inhabitants who cannot afford to pay. Most of these city hospitals have a social service branch that investigates the situation in the patient's home. If a man is brought into the accident ward with a broken leg, he may be greatly worried about how his family will get along while he is disabled. In such a case an investigator is sent to his home to see that the family has food, and money to pay the landlord. This is a double service; it relieves the patient's mind and helps toward his recovery, and it also keeps his family from want and from becoming a public charge. 4. THE AGED AND INFIRM Although the class among the poor that needs most care and attention is the sick, yet there is another large group that has |