same time, was twelve thousand seven hundred fifty six bales, and which paid $47,304 97.

In Georgia, a company has been incorporated to make a road from Augusta to Athens, and we are informed that the stock has been taken up, the route surveyed, and will probably be made, and at an expense of about $10,000 per mile. The distance is about one hundred and fourteen miles. This road is considered a continuation of the Charleston road, and naturally connected with it. From Athens, it is contemplated to extend it to Decatur on the Tennessee river, and thus, in this direction, connect the trade of the west, with the city of Charleston.

In Alabama, a rail road, round the Muscle shoals in the Tennessee river, was finished, about the 1st of December, 1834. It extends from Tuscumbia, through Cortland to Decatur, a little more than forty five miles; twenty five of which was made in 1834.

This road must be advantageous to a great extent of country adjoining the Tennessee river, above the muscle shoals; as that river above these shoals, is navigable for steam boats, as high up as Knoxville, a distance of about four hundred miles.

The completion of one work of this kind naturally leads to the contemplation of others in its neighborhood, either in connection with it, or to share in the benefits, which it promises. Various roads, therefore, of a similar kind, have been projected, in Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee, some of which have been surveyed; but as most of them, are of a recent date, our information, does not enable us to judge as to the prospects of their completion.

An important road of this character, has been commenced in Kentucky, and will, no doubt, be soon completed. It extends, from Lexington, through Frankfort, the seat of government, to Louisville, a distance of about ninety miles. The work upon it was commenced in April, 1832, but during the summer of 1833, was suspended, on account of the cholera. In September, 1834, twenty three miles were finished, and by the first of January following, it was completed and used to Frankfort, twenty eight miles. The cost of this road, with a single track, was estimated at $1,032,000; and its actual expense thus far, has not much exceeded the estimate—the estimated cost to Frankfort being $355,000, and the actual cost to that place, about $370,000. This road, we understand, has been built in a substantial manner.*

For information respecting this road, we are indebted to our obliging friend Mr. Winter, the superintendant.

Other roads of this kind have been contemplated and authorized, in the western states, and some of them will no doubt ere long, be finished. The state of Indiana has lately authorized a loan of about a million and a half to make similar roads in that state.

In Louisiana, a rail road has been completed from New Orleans to lake Ponchartrain, about six miles, at an expense, including machinery and real estate, of $443,443 76.

The rail roads before noticed, which were completed on the first of January, 1835, or would not long after be completed, are in length, taken together, about sixteen hundred miles, and their cost not far from $30,000,000. The aggregate length of those in Pennsylvania, is about four hundred and eighteen miles, made at an expense estimated to exceed $7,000,000.

When the cost of the rail roads in the United States, is added to that of the canals, it will be found, that there has been, or will soon be expended in this country, on these two kinds of internal improvement, a sum not less than about $94,000,000; and this has been done, principally, since 1817.

In reviewing the foregoing brief account of the canals and rail roads of the United States, it will be perceived, that the two principal objects originally contemplated in making them, have, in a great measure, been accomplished. A safe internal water communication, along or near the Atlantic sea board, has been completed-large vessels can now go from the Hudson to the Delaware, through the Raritan and Delaware canal, from thence through the Delaware and Chesapeake canal, and Chesapeake Bay, to Norfolk in Virginia, and from Norfolk through the Dismal Swamp canal, to Albemarle Sound in North Carolina.

The eastern and western waters are now connected, not only from the Hudson to lake Erie, through the State of New York; but also, from the Delaware to the Ohio, and to the same lake, through Pennsylvania.

This has greatly facilitated the intercourse between the east and the west, to the immense advantage of both; and has bound them together by ties, which, we trust, can never be broken.

In addition to this evidence of the great and growing wealth and resources of this country; it will be remembered, that the United States, during the same period, have paid off a national debt of more than $120,000,000.

This has been done, in pursuance of an act passed by Congress, on the 3d day of March, 1817, entitled "an act to provide for the re

demption of the public debt." By this act, the sum of $10,000,000, was appropriated, annually, and vested in the commissioners of the sinking fund, and was to be applied to the payment of interest and charges, and to the reimbursement or purchase of the principal of the public debt. And the faith of the government was pledged, that this sum should not be diverted to any other object, except a certain part of it, in case the United States, should be at war with a foreign power. And we beg leave here to state, that the late William Lowndes of South Carolina, a statesman, whose modest but sterling worth, and pure patriotism, was known by actions rather than by words, was the author of this act-an act, under whose silent, but sure operation, a national debt of more than $120,000,000, in the short period of eighteen years, has been extinguished. But the nation still owes a debt of gratitude to the memory of the author of this measure, which can never be extinguished.

TABLE No. I.

Statement of the Commerce of Cleveland in the State of Ohio, from 1825 to 1833, inclusive.

TABLE No. II.

The whole quantity of property received at Albany, by canals, on which freight is charged by the ton, in 1833, amounted to 152,935 tons of 2,000 lbs. each, or 305,870,000 pounds.

The following are enumerated in the collector's returns, viz :—

The articles upon which toll is charged per ton enumerated above, weigh 217,529,000, lbs. whilst the articles actually received, amounted to 305,870,000 lbs. leaving not enumerated, 88,341,000 lbs. Amongst these may be named, wool, butter, cheese, lard, eggs, dried fruit, feathers, cabinet ware, wooden ware, brooms, tobacco, seed, &c. The articles wool, butter, cheese, lard and seed reported by the collector at West Troy, weighed 7,184,816 lbs. and were worth $836,632 46-and the same amount may safely be set down for Albany, leaving still not enumerated, 81,156,184 lbs. average value of the articles enumerated is two and a half cents per pound. It would be safe, therefore, to estimate the amount not enumerated, at one cent per pound, say 81,156,184 lbs. at one cent per lb. is

The

The article of staves is entirely omitted in the list of lumber a single house in Albany, received in 1833, to the am't. of $75,000—this may be safely enumerated at

836,632 46

811,561 84

100,000

$8,419,859 70

Amount of merchandize, furniture and sundries, sent up the canal, from Albany, 68,321 tons, or 136,642,000 pounds. Amount of toll received at Albany, in 1833, $323,689, or being an increase over 1832, of $87,053 56.

Number of boats arrived and departed, 16,834.