TABLE No. XV.-CONTINUED.

A statement of the various manufactures of the United States, exported in 1832,

TABLE No. XV.-CONTINued.

A statement of the various manufactures of the United States, exported in 1833,

CHAPTER V.

Trade of the United States increased by the wars in Europe-Greater in foreign than in domestic produce, in 1805, 1806 and 1807-Quantity of sugar, coffee, cocoa, pepper, goods free of duty, and paying duties, imported and exported at different periods-Amount of gold, silver and bullion imported and exported from 1821 to 1833, and the countries from and to which it was imported and ex-* ported during the same period.

THE war between France and Great Britain, which commenced in 1793, and which continued, with but a short interval, for many years; and until it involved all the nations of Europe, and principally, on the side of France, against Great Britain, threw into the hands of the Americans, no small portion, of the trade of the world. The vast superiority of the naval force of England, rendered the intercourse of the European nations, with their colonies, extremely difficult. These nations, therefore, were obliged to depend upon neutrals, to carry on this trade, between them and their distant possessions. The valuable productions of the French, Spanish, and Dutch colonies, could find their way to Europe, in no other mode, than under a neutral flag.

The local situation of the United States, in relation to the West India Islands, naturally threw a great proportion of the trade of those Islands, into the hands of the American merchants; and the great increase of the tonnage of the United States, as well as the spirit and enterprise of their citizens, led them, also, in the progress of the war, to engage in the more distant trade of the East Indies, and every other part of the world. The valuable articles of colonial produce, such as sugar, coffee, spirits, cocoa, indigo, pepper, and spices of all kind, were carried by them, either directly to Europe, or brought to the United States, and from thence exported in American vessels. These and other articles imported, were allowed, under certain regulations, to be exported with a drawback of the duties upon them. The manufactures of Europe, and particularly those of Great Britain, as well as the manufactures and produce of the East Indies and China, were, also, imported, and again exported in large quantities, to the West Indies, South America and elsewhere. This trade, called the carrying trade, in some years, exceeded in value, the trade of the United States, in articles of domestic produce; and was the means, not only of in

creasing the American tonnage, but of adding, to the wealth of the nation, as well as to that of individuals.

both of foreign and

The value of the exports of the United States, domestic origin, are presented in Chapter III. In the years 1805, 1806 and 1807, the value of domestic exports was $134,590,552, on an average $44,863,517 per year, while the value of foreign exports was $173,105,813, being, on an average, each year $57,701,937, making a difference, in favor of the latter, of $38,515,261, or $12,838,420 .per year.

The following quantities of sugar, coffee, pepper, cocoa, and manufactures principally paying duties ad valorem, were exported from 1791 to 1816.

This trade, brought the United States, into collision with some of the European powers, and particularly Great Britain and France; and in consequence of the celebrated decrees and orders of those two nations, (some notice of which will be taken, in a subsequent chapter,) the embargo was laid and commercial restrictions commenced with

these nations; and which finally ended in a war between the United States and Great Britain. During the war, this trade was annihilated. On the return of peace in Europe, as well as in America, this trade in foreign articles, was, of course, greatly diminished.

The following account, however, of exports of sugar, coffee, pepper, cocoa, and of goods free of duty, as well as those paying specific and ad valorem duties, from 1821 to 1833, will shew, that the United States, have enjoyed no inconsiderable share, of the carrying trade, during this period.

An account of sugar, coffee, pepper and cocoa, exported from 1821

to 1833.

Value of merchandise, free of duty, and paying ad valorem and spe

cific duties, exported from 1821 to 1833.

Free of
duty.

Total value.

duties.

1821 $4,595,090 $5,942,641 $10,537,731 $10,764,757 $21,302,486

1822 4,699,844

6,401,462

1823 8,502,329 11,344,544

11,101,306 11,184,896 22,286,202 19,846,873 7,696,749 27,543,622

8,115,082 25,337,157

9,885,840 32,590,643

7,785,150 23,403,136

1824 9,724,073 7,498,002 17,222,075 1825 12,554,408 10,150,395 22,704,803 1826 11,276,538 8,127,968 19,404,504 5,135,108 24,539,612 1827 8,139,271 7,478,715 15,617,986 1828 7,689,381 5,477,958 13,167,339 8,427,678 21,595,017 1829 5,631,309 5,796,092 11,427,401 5,231,077 16,658,478 1830 7,054,286 5,012,876 12,067,162 2,320,317 14,387,479 1831 8,233,946 4,200,537 12,434,483 7,599,043 20,033,043 1832 7,649,805 10,799,052 18,448,857 5,590,616 24,039,473 1833 8,260,381 4,151,588 12,411,969 7,410,766 19,822,735