A Matter of Weeks Rather Than Months: The Impasse Between Harold Wilson and Ian Smith Sanctions, Aborted Settlements and War 1965-1969Trafford Publishing, 2012年8月2日 - 772 頁 Founded on 35 years of research into o the post-1945 Anglo-Rhodesian history, this book complements Richard Wood's The Welensky Papers: A History of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland: 1953-1963 (1983) and So Far and No Further! Rhodesia's bid for independence during the retreat from empire: 1959-1965 (2005). Of So Far, Michael Hartnack wrote that 'Once in a lifetime comes a book which must force a total shift in the thinking person's perception of an epoch, and of all the prominent characters who featured in it.' A Matter of Weeks Rather than Months recounts the action and reaction to Ian Smith's unilateral declaration of Rhodesia's independence, the second such declaration since the American one of 1776. It examines the dilemmas of both sides. Smith's problem was how to legitimise his rebellion to secure crucial investment capital, markets, trade and more. His antagonist, the British Prime Minister, Harold Wilson, was determined not to transfer sovereignty until Rhodesia accepted African majority rule in common with the rest of Africa. Given British feelings for their Rhodesian kith and kin and Rhodesia's landlocked position, Wilson eschewed the use of force. He could only impose sanctions but hoped they would defeat Smith 'in a matter weeks rather than months'. The Rhodesians, however, evaded the sanctions with such success that they forced Wilson to negotiate a settlement. Negotiations were nevertheless doomed because the self-confident Rhodesians would not accept a period of direct British rule while rapid progress to majority rule was made or the imposition of restraints on powers they had possessed since gaining self-government in 1923. In tune with their allies in the African National Congress of South Africa, the Rhodesian or Zimbabwean African nationalists had already adopted the Marxist concept of the 'Armed Struggle' as a means to power. Sponsored by the Communist Bloc, its surrogates and allies, they began a series of armed incursions from their safe haven in Zambia. Although bloodily and easily repulsed, they would learn from their mistakes as the Rhodesian forces would discover in the 1970s. Consequently, this is a tale of sanctions, negotiations and counter-insurgency warfare. |
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... might be undertakento meet that threat. He justified it bysaying that for two yearstheBritish Government had been blackmailed bythis 'threat to cut off this electric power'and that he would not permit this to continue. Indeed, he.
... might be undertakento meet that threat. He justified it bysaying that for two yearstheBritish Government had been blackmailed bythis 'threat to cut off this electric power'and that he would not permit this to continue. Indeed, he.
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... would have toppled Smith, he warned that sanctions would exacerbate Rhodesia's two main problems of the population explosion andthe consequent demand for land. He cautioned against the use offorce, however, because censorship ...
... would have toppled Smith, he warned that sanctions would exacerbate Rhodesia's two main problems of the population explosion andthe consequent demand for land. He cautioned against the use offorce, however, because censorship ...
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... he was contemplating a resort to force or tohandthe Rhodesian problem to the UN. Smith accepted that, despitetheir efficiency, his armed forces could not defeat a majorpower.He added, however,'let no one be in doubt that the Rhodesians ...
... he was contemplating a resort to force or tohandthe Rhodesian problem to the UN. Smith accepted that, despitetheir efficiency, his armed forces could not defeat a majorpower.He added, however,'let no one be in doubt that the Rhodesians ...
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... would not negotiate with arebel regime. Instead, the words to be used ... he was simply checking on progress in Salisbury on his way home. Wilson ... would notmake difficulties over thispoint. Wrightwas tasked with discovering what Smith ...
... would not negotiate with arebel regime. Instead, the words to be used ... he was simply checking on progress in Salisbury on his way home. Wilson ... would notmake difficulties over thispoint. Wrightwas tasked with discovering what Smith ...
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... May, he claimed that time was not on Smith's side because of the deepeningRhodesian economic difficulties. Even so, Wilson wasnotoverly optimistic that the endwasin sight.He attempted todraw a parallel with the stagein the American ...
... May, he claimed that time was not on Smith's side because of the deepeningRhodesian economic difficulties. Even so, Wilson wasnotoverly optimistic that the endwasin sight.He attempted todraw a parallel with the stagein the American ...
內容
A Stay of Execution Harold Wilson and | |
First Contact with a British Minister Herbert | |
Chapter 24George Thomsonand theConsequences of Operation Nickelonthe AngloRhodesian Dialogue | |
The Second Attempt to Settle | |
B J Vorster Chapter 32 The VisitofJames Bottomley and theDecision | |
The Attempt to Salvage the Fearless Agreement | |
TheVisit of GeorgeThomson Chapter 36 Thomsons Returnto Rhodesiaand | |
Chapter 37Marking Time until the Commonwealth Conference The End of George | |
The First Steps | |
Appendix | |
Mandatory Sanctions Chapter 18Now grave actionsmust follow The Adoption of Mandatory Sanctions and NIBMAR | |
Taking Chargeof RhodesiasFuture | |
Endnotes | |
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常見字詞
1961 Constitution African nationalist agreed andthe AngloRhodesian settlement argued Arthur Bottomley asked atthe Beadle’s Beira Bottomley Bowden Britain British Government BSAP Bulawayo bythe Cabinet Commission commitment crossvoting December declared demanded didnot economic election embargo entrenched clauses entrenchment force Gibbs and Beadle Gibbs’s Government House Government’s Governor Greenfield hadbeen hadto Harold Wilson hehad Hennings Herbert Bowden hewas hewould Howman Ian Smith immediately independence before majority interim government inthe issue itwas James Kariba Kaunda LardnerBurke London Lusaka majority African rule majority rule Malcolm MacDonald mandatory sanctions meeting negotiations November ofthe Rhodesian onthe political Portuguese Prime Minister proposed reassured rejected return to legality Rhodesian Front Rhodesian Government Rhodesian security Rhodesian whites roll seats Salisbury Secretary Security Council senate six principles South Africa Southern Rhodesia suggested talks test of acceptability theBritish theRhodesian Tiger tobe tothe Vorster wanted warned Watson Whitehall Wilson withthe wouldbe wouldnot Wright Zambia ZANU ZAPU