by such committees, 4 indirectly by committees, and in 48 cases strikes were declared or continued, after failure of conciliation and arbitration.

The following is a summary statement in regard to disputes in which recourse was had to the law concerning conciliation and arbitration during 1908 and for the preceding 15 years taken collectively:

SUMMARY OF CASES IN WHICH RECOURSE WAS HAD TO THE LAW CONCERNING CONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION, 1893 TO 1907, AND 1908.

The above summary shows that of 182 disputes considered in 1908, 80 were settled directly or indirectly through the application of the law of 1892, and in 102 cases the recourse to the law proved fruitless. Of the 80 disputes settled, 13 were favorable to the demands of the employees, 49 succeeded partly, and 18 were favorable to employers. In the 102 disputes which continued after the failure of attempts at conciliation and arbitration the employees succeeded in 5, partly succeeded in 46, and failed in 51 cases.

LOCKOUTS IN 1908.-During the year there were 31 lockouts reported, involving 306 establishments. These establishments (not including one dispute in which 18,000 persons were locked out) employed 11,181 persons, of this number 6,817 were locked out, making the total number of persons locked out 24,817. As a result of these lockouts 586,377 working-days were lost by the employees locked out. Considered from the employers' point of view, 7 lockouts were successful, 12 partially successful, and 12 failed.

GERMANY.

Streiks und Aussperrungen im Jahre 1908. Bearbeitet im Kaiserlichen Statistichen Amt. 64 pp. (Statistik des Deutschen Reichs, Band 230.)

This is the tenth annual report on strikes and lockouts issued by the Imperial Statistical Office of Germany. The report contains analyses and summaries of the data relating to strikes and lockouts

in 1908, a series of diagrams presenting the principal features of the disputes, tables showing the data by industries and by localities, and a summary statement for the years 1899 to 1908.

STRIKES IN 1908.-The number of strikes which ended in 1908 was 1,347, and the number of establishments affected was 4,774. Of the establishments affected, 1,214 suspended operations entirely. The number of employees in the establishments affected was 199,371, and of these 68,392 participated in the strikes. The number of nonstrikers who were thrown out of employment was 7,405.

The following table shows the number of strikes, establishments affected, strikers, and other employees thrown out of work, by results of strikes, in 1908:

STRIKES, ESTABLISHMENTS AFFECTED, STRIKERS, AND OTHER

THROWN OUT OF WORK, BY RESULTS, 1908.

EMPLOYEES

[The column headed "Strikers" shows the maximum number of strikers at any time during the strike.]

In 1908 the average number of establishments affected by each strike was 3.5, while the average number of strikers to a strike was 50.8; the persons on strike formed 34.3 per cent of the employees of the establishments affected. The proportion of strikes that succeeded was 15.3 per cent, those that failed 52.3 per cent, and those that succeeded partly were 32.4 per cent of the total. The number of strikers engaged in strikes which succeeded formed 10.8 per cent, those in strikes that failed formed 47.6 per cent, and those in strikes that succeeded partly formed 41.6 per cent, of the total number of strikers.

The following table shows, by principal groups of industries, the number and results of strikes, the number of establishments and strikers involved, and the number of other employees thrown out of work, on account of strikes, occurring in the year 1908:

1 The number of strikers included in the strike statistics of Germany is the greatest number of persons on strike at any time during the progress of the strike.

NUMBER AND RESULTS OF STRIKES, ESTABLISHMENTS AFFECTED, STRIKERS, AND OTHER EMPLOYEES THROWN OUT OF WORK, BY INDUSTRIES, 1908.

[The column headed "Strikers" shows the maximum number of strikers at any time during the strike.]

The building trades had by far the greatest number of strikes, the 429 disputes in this industry forming 31.8 per cent of all the strikes reported; the number of strikers also was in excess of those in any other industry, the 19,593 strikers being 28.6 per cent of all the persons on strike. The group woodworking, carved materials, etc., came next in order as regards the number of strikes, this group having had 11.6 per cent of all the strikes. The mining, metallurgical, etc., group ranked second as far as the number of strikers was concerned, with 12.5 per cent of all the persons on strike.

The two tables following present the data according to the duration of the strikes and according to the number of strikers involved: NUMBER AND RESULTS OF STRIKES, ESTABLISHMENTS AFFECTED, STRIKERS, AND OTHER EMPLOYEES THROWN OUT OF WORK, BY DURATION, 1908.

[The column headed "Strikers" shows the maximum number of strikers at any time during the strike.]

NUMBER AND RESULTS OF STRIKES, ESTABLISHMENTS AFFECTED, STRIKERS AND OTHER EMPLOYEES THROWN OUT OF WORK, BY NUMBER OF STRIKERS INVOLVED, 1908.

[The column headed "Strikers" shows the maximum number of strikers at any time during the strike.]

The following table shows the results of the strikes in 1908, by causes

or objects:

STRIKES, BY CAUSES AND RESULTS.

[Strikes due to two or more causes have been tabulated under each cause; the totals for the groups, therefore, are not the sums of the items for the individual causes. For example, a strike "for increase of wages and extra rate for overtime" is tabulated separately under each of these causes, while it is tabulated only once under total strikes relating to wages. For a similar reason the sums of the figures in this table exceed the totals in the preceding tables.]

Total (relating to causes other than wages or hours of labor)...... 590

3

133

14

The results of strikes for each year from 1899 to 1908 are shown in the following table, together with number of strikers and establishments affected:

NUMBER AND RESULTS OF STRIKES, ESTABLISHMENTS AFFECTED, AND STRIKERS, BY YEARS, 1899 TO 1908.

[The column headed "Strikers" shows the maximum number of strikers at any time during strike.]

LOCKOUTS IN 1908.-In the year 1908 there were 177 lockouts reported; the number of establishments affected by these disputes was 1,758, the number of persons employed in these establishments was 81,286, of whom 43,718 were locked out, while 266 persons were thrown out of work because of the disputes. The average number of persons locked out in each dispute was 247, and the average number of establishments affected in each dispute was 9.9. Of the 177 lockouts, 100, or 56.5 per cent, were successful from the standpoint of the employers; 69, or 39 per cent, were partly successful; and 8, or 4.5 per cent, were unsuccessful.

The following table shows, by principal groups of industries, the number and results of lockouts, the number of establishments and persons involved in lockouts, and the number of other employees thrown out of work on account of lockouts during the year 1908.