THE TUDORS.

MARY.

SOON after the rebellion of by act of Parliament. Now it Wyatt, and the execution of was again removed by act of Lady Jane Grey, Mary was Parliament. married to King Philip of Spain. No sooner did Philip find that he was not acknowledged as King of England, than he showed that he had no affection for his wife. He passed most of his time in the Netherlands, taking no notice whatever of Mary, except to write to her whenever he wanted money.

Again; in this, the first year of Mary's reign, an act was passed prohibiting the breaking of images; and a council of clergy proclaimed once more that the doctrine of transubstantiation was true.

You may remember that in Edward's reign the priests were allowed to marry; but in the year 1554 the queen gave orders that the church should be purged of all married bishops and priests. Out of 16,000 clergymen then in England the greater part were turned out of office for having wives.

Mary began by ordering that no person should preach without her special licence. Most of the foreigners who were formers soon after left the kingdom. In the same year two bishops were sent to the Tower for not kneeling at the public mass, which was celebrated with all pomp and ceremony before the two Houses of Parliament. The Archbishop of York was sent to the Tower, the Protestant bishops were excluded from the House of Lords, and an act was passed abolishing the liturgy which, I told you, Cranmer and the bishops had prepared in Edward's reign. When this liturgy was first published it The first important martyr was said to have been written was a clergyman belonging to by the inspiration of the the great cathedral of St. Paul's. Holy Spirit, but, at the same His name was John Rogers. time, it was forced on the people | He would not profess to believe

In the year 1555 the dreadful religious persecutions of Mary's re-reign were begun. So much cruelty was practised that the queen received the name of Bloody Mary. In the reign of Edward VI. Bonner, Bishop of London, and Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, were committed to the Tower for resisting the Reformation. They were now at liberty, and, aided by the queen, they took vengeance without interruption. The queen herself had been persecuted in the reign of Edward VI., for she had been forbidden to hold mass in her chapel.

The most important events of Mary's reign were the measures for restoring the Roman Catholic religion, and the cruelties that followed.

in doctrines which he knew were the bad Queen Mary entered not true, for he feared to into a war with France. In this make GOD angry. He chose war the town of Calais was rather to die. The bishops, taken from the English; it had therefore, sent him to Smith-belonged to the nation since field, where he was tied to an the reign of Edward III. The upright post, and faggots were loss filled the kingdom with placed all round him and complaints, and their queen lighted; thus he was burnt to with despair. She was heard death. On his way to execu- to say, that when she died the tion his wife and ten children name of Calais would be found met him and kissed him, and engraven upon her heart. She took leave of him, for Gardiner did die in the following year, would not let him see them 1558, after an unhappy reign of while he was in prison. five years. Her death was caused by dropsy.

The next martyr was Hooper, the Bishop of Gloucester. He died praying to God, and teaching the people around him. With his last breath he thanked God for helping him to speak the truth, and keep his commandments.

Lesson 33.
Began to reign
Died.

...

MARY.
1553.
1558.

1. MARY was the daughter of Henry VIII., by his first wife, Catherine of Arragon. At the beginning of her reign the Duke of Northumberland attempted to Oxford; to shorten their suf-place Lady Jane Grey on the ferings bags of gunpowder were throne in her stead, but failed. placed round their necks.

The Bishops Latimer and Ridley were next burned at

The celebrated Archbishop Cranmer, whom you heard of in the reign of Henry VIII., was the last great martyr. He died in great agonies, but trust ing in God. The death of so venerable a man as Cranmer, who was so well known, and had so long served his country, filled the nation with horror. The people were certainly not likely to be brought back to the Roman Catholic religion by such means. There were alto-bered altogether nearly 300. gether nearly 300 persons 3. The loss of CALAIS, which burned in this dreadful reign, had belonged to the English for including five bishops, and 200 years, was another event of twenty-one clergymen. this reign. Mary died in the next year, 1558.

2. The principal events of Mary's reign are-her cruel execution of Lady Jane Grey; the rebellion of Wyatt; her marriage with Philip of Spain; her attempt to restore the Catholic religion; and the cruel persecutions, in which she was assisted by two bishops, named Bonner and Gardiner. The Protestant clergyman, Rogers, and the Bishops Hooper, Ridley, Latimer, and Archbishop Cranmer were amongst the principal martyrs, who num

To please her husband Philip,

ETYMOLOGY.

CHAPTER III.

ON THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF PRONOUNS.

P. LET me try whether you | word which means "the book," have remembered our first as you say; only it does not lesson on the Pronouns. What stand instead of it. It merely is a pronoun? relates to the book, if you can understand what I mean.

L. A pronoun is a word which is used instead of a noun.

P. We had a second lesson on pronouns; on their person, gender, and case.

W. Yes. We learned that their person, gender, and case are formed in the same way as in nouns.

P. To-day we will learn of the different sorts of pronouns. I will repeat some sentences to you. Will you listen, and tell me whether they contain any words which are like pronouns?

The book which John lost is found.

This is the house that Jack built. Here comes the man who has a wooden leg.

The man and horse that we saw yesterday.

The sheep which graze in our meadow.

Ion is the boy whom I like best. Now, in these sentences there are certain words which were not mentioned in our lesson on

personal pronouns, yet they are like pronouns.

66

lon. Yes. In the first sentence there is the word "which"; it means the book," only it is not used instead of it, for the word book is just before it. And you could not say "the book book John lost."

P. No, you could not. The

W. Yes, I think that is very easy. In the next sentence, "This is the house that Jack built," that, relates to the word house before it.

L. And in the next sentence, "The man who has," &c., who relates to the man. And in the next, "The man and horse that we saw," that relates to the man and horse.

P. As you see that these words relate to the nouns before them, you may easily learn their names. They are called "relative pronouns."

Ion. The relative pronouns seem to be very dependent indeed; they cannot be used without the nouns which they relate to.

P. Yes. Each of the relatives mentioned has a word before it. This word is called its antecedent. It is so called from two Latin words, which mean "going before." Every relative pronoun requires an antecedent,except one.

L. Which is that, papa?
P. You may easily find out.
Tell me the relative and ante-
"cedent in this sentence.

This is the thing which I have been looking for.

Ion. Thing is the antecedent, and which is the relative pronoun. P. Sometimes we say "what,"

No. 20. PARSING EXERCISE.

I have bought the horse which won the race. The man who came to mend the copper which burst yesterday has called again. I saw the lady and her lapdog that he painted yesterday. Is this the soldier whom you saw? Where are the sheep that were lost? Here are the horses which were bought at market.