cardinal were, there was one who beat them both in his desire for wealth; this was "His Holiness" the Pope. And he beat them both, too, in daring wickedness and injustice, and in the impudent lies which he invented to acquire riches. This so-called "Vicar of Christ" was thirsty for gold; so, in order to gain his desires, he almost offered to the people permission to sin. He issued what he called indulgences, which were to convey pardon to the most profligate of sinners, not only for what they were going to do. Some of these indulgences were also said to give to their possessor ETERNAL SALVATION—that is, if he would pay for them. Such a shameless invention was too barefaced, and at length an honest monk, named MARTIN LUTHER, stood up to expose it. Being strong in Christ, he spoke out the truth. Knowing in whom he believed, Martin bearded the Pope, and called him by his proper name, which of course was not a pleasant one. The boldness of Martin Luther gave courage to the thousands of others who had so long been disgusted by the wickedness of the priests. The Lollards, who, you know, began to serve God under Wickliffe a century before, now took heart again; and at last the world publicly dared to call in question the Pope's authority. Such freedom of speech, however, was not only offensive to the Pope, but to the Cardinal and King of England. If men were thus allowed to think for themselves, what would become of them also? Henry had not yet forgotten his learning; so he said that he would put down Martin Luther-he would make a book which should set the monk right again. He did so; and sent his production to Rome, for the perusal of the Pope. The Pope was delighted with the eloquence and learning of his "dear son Henry, and gave him the title of DEFENDER OF THE FAITH. Henry was delighted, too, at being thus flattered. He showed yet more zeal against the Reformers; and burnt six men and a woman in Coventry for teaching their children the Lord's prayer and the ten commandments in their own language. Thus did this trio, the POPE, the CARDINAL, and the KING, try to uphold the power of priesteraft. Their great wealth and influence rendered them strong props to the rotten system of error. Unfortunately, however, one of the props let go. The king falling away from his post, fell on the cardinal, carrying him away also. Thus, only the Pope being left as a support, the decayed old building fell down, and the days of the Church of Rome in England were numbered. You shall hear next week how this happened; how the kingdom divided against itself could not stand; and how the most important event of the 16th century, the glorious REFORMATION, was begun in our country. Canada, THE IDIOT. THERE are tones to the midnight breezes given There are radiant forms in the summer heaven, And a glorious world before him lies, There are wondrous things in the waters blue There are lovely things in each drop of dew, Oh! little earth's wise ones know or dream The lightnings flash and the thunders roll, And he laughs in glee at each blinding flash, The winds are whistling bleak and shrill, But the Idiot singeth as gaily still As he sang through the summer's day: We may look in scorn on his vacant face, Yet wish for as blithe a look to grace R. A. P. ETYMOLOGY. CHAPTER II. THE NINE CLASSES OF WORDS-DERIVATION. P. WE have not quite done with our definitions of the classes. I want to try once more whether you understand them. Here is a verb-to sing. Do you know any noun that is made from that verb? W. Yes, "singer" is. And from to dance we can make "dancer." Ion. And from to brew you make "brewer." P. Some part of a verb is also like an adjective, for you can use it to show the quality of nouns-such as, a singing boy; a dancing girl; a brewing utensil. These parts of a verb are called its participles, but in these cases they are used as adjectives. Indeed they are adjectives. Why? W. Because they tell you something about each nounthat the boy has the quality of being able to sing; the girl has the quality of being able to dance. Ion. So we may make nouns and adjectives from verbs. I wonder whether we could alter the case, and make a verb from an adjective or a noun. I will try. Sweet is an adjective. We may say "to sweeten.' I will try a noun. Salt. You may make the verb "to salt" from it. From a plant you may make "to plant.' P. You may make nouns and verbs also from adjectives. Thus, from bright you make "a brightness," "to brighten.” W. And from red you make the noun "redness," and the verb "to redden." P. True; so you may have one more parsing exercise on the simple classes of words, No. 11. PARSING EXERCISE. (Say to which class of words those printed in italics belong.) I love my loving brother, and he returns my love; he is a lovely boy. The warning voice of my friend warned me to stop, but I paid no attention to his warning. You must not eat salt with salt beef. morrow; here is our salting-tub. I am going to salt some more to This warming-pan will warm the bed. How warm it feels already! Give it a good warming. Be cool! You are talking warmly on the subject. PART 2. (Mention two nouns derived from each of the following verbs :-) To run, to make, to jump, to feel, to dance, to kick, to fight, to grow. (Make an adjective from each of the following nouns :—) Wealth, beauty, man, gold, silver, lead, might, thief, rag. (Make two adjectives from each of the following nouns :—) Tear, sense, shame, fruit, mercy, faith. (Make a noun from each of the following adjectives :—) Wretched, red, black, heavy, strong, young, deep, high, broad, solid, transparent. (Make an adverb from each of the following adjectives :—) Quick, slow, warm, base, honourable, just, favourable. The third part of your exercise to-day is one which you may frequently perform. I will make for you what has been called a 1. 2. of a thing. 3. something. 4. 5. 'Parsing Scale." In this scale you may continually supply examples of the classes of which you have made the definitions. Part 3. PARSING SCALE. is a NOUN, because it is the name of a thing. is a VERB, because it expresses doing something. is a VERB, because it expresses being or suffering is a PRONOUN, because it is used instead of a noun. is an ADVERB, because it is added to a verb to tell us something about the action. 6. is an ARTICLE, because it points out whether a particular or general noun is spoken of. 7. is a PREPOSITION, because it shows the relation between two words. 8. is a CONJUNCTION, because it only connects two words, or two parts of a sentence. 9. is an INTERJECTION, because it is an exclamation. I SLEPT, and dreamed that life was Beauty; THE FOREIGN TRAVELLER. THE TURKS. "MY DEAR CHILDREN,"There is one remark concerning the opium-eaters which may be added to the account of last week. The Turks do not indulge in the bad habit of eating that drug so much as they did formerly. It is said that, in all classes, not more than two in every hundred make use of it. “If you are not tired,' said the countess, 'I can tell you a few particulars of the general habits of the Turks.' "Do!' I said; 'tell me just sufficient to make up another letter for the children.' "Very well. It appears that the Turk differs from the Frank even in his most trifling habits. A tra veller named Dr. Walsh once noticed this. He says: "The house next to the barber's shop was in progress of building. All the persons saw engaged were working in a manner opposite to our usage. The barber pushed the razor from him-ours draws it to him; the carpenter drew the saw to him, for all the teeth were set in-ours pushes it from him, for all the teeth are set out; the mason sat while he laid the stones-ours always stands; the scribe wrote on his hand, and from right to left ours always writes on a desk or table, and from left to right; but the most ridiculous difference existed in the manner of building the house. We begin at the bottom and finish at the top; this house was a frame of wood which the "Another peculiarity in the social habits of the Turks is the number of their wives. According to the Mahommedan religion each man is allowed four wives; but it is have more than one. You have said that few young Turks noticed, of course, that the faces of the Turkish ladies are not allowed to be seen, being alSultan has numerous wives; ways covered with a veil. The the establishment of his wives is called a Harem. "Smoking is, next to opiumeating, a peculiar habit of the Turk. His pipe is often a most expensive article, being made of very costly material. The length of the pipe denotes the dignity of the smoker; it is often six or seven feet long, and is carried about, by two servants, from place to place with great ceremony; the bowl is also supported on wheels, as an aid to indolence. In summer, the stem of the pipe is covered with cotton or muslin, and kept cool and moist with water.' "Such, dear children, was the account of the Turks given me by the countess. I have only one or two more words to add. The Turkish empire is ruled by a SULTAN. The Sultan is the 'successor of the Prophet,' and the head of the Mahom |