the right to intervene in Cuba when necessary for the maintenance of good government, but such intervention has seemed necessary only once.

Every citizen of the United States ought to feel proud of our treatment of Cuba. In all history no country has acted more generously toward another. After freeing Cuba, we turned it over to its own people on conditions that seemed as strange as a fairy tale to foreign nations. Although we had shed our blood and spent millions to free Cuba, we merely asked the Cubans to govern themselves well, to remain independent, to keep the cities sanitary, and to educate their children. We tried to show the Cubans how to do all these things.

Porto Rico. The United States had made no promise about Porto Rico, and we kept it as a colony after the war. In 1917 the Porto Ricans were made citizens of the United States. They elect their own legislature, but the President of the United States appoints the governor of the island.

Porto Rico is three times the size of Rhode Island and has about twice the population. Eighty per cent of the people of Porto Rico live in the country, while more than ninety per cent of Rhode Islanders dwell in cities. Porto Rico raises sugar, coffee, tobacco, and fruit. Before annexation, we took about one sixth of its exports; now, it sends four fifths of them to us. In some years there are only eleven countries in the world that send us goods of more value. Porto Rico is small but we have more trade with it than with all of Africa.

Annexation of the Hawaiian Islands and of Tutuila.-Many of the people of the Hawaiian (hä-wï'yan) Islands, which are in the Pacific Ocean about 2000 miles southwest of San Francisco, had for some time wished to become citizens of the United States. They furnished coal and provisions to our vessels on their way to the Philippines during the Spanish-American war and showed how useful they could be. In 1898 Congress annexed these islands, and two years later made them a territory of the United States, subject to its Constitution and laws.

The raising and canning of pineapples is one of the important industries in the Hawaiian Islands.

In times of peace, these islands are even more useful to us than in war. They send to the United States many million dollars' worth of sugar a year.

Pearl Harbor, near Honolulu (hō-no-loo'loo) in the Hawaiian group, is the finest in the northern Pacific. The United States also (1899) annexed Tutuila (too-too-ē'lä), one of the Samoan group of islands, made famous by the Scotch author, Robert Louis Stevenson. Tutuila has the finest harbor in the southern Pacific, and is now used as a naval base by the United States.

Trouble in China. The expanding United States learned that no part of the world was too far distant to interest her. Russia had taken valuable parts of Chinese territory, and other nations wanted to get what they considered their share of China and to seek the monopoly of certain kinds of trade with her. An organization of Chinese, called "Boxers," started the cry of "China for the Chinese" and tried to rid China of foreigners (1900). They even killed missionaries, shot the German minister to China, and laid siege to the building occupied by the British legation in Peking. The United States sent 5000 soldiers from