266 ADDITIONAL NAMES OF MEMBERS unification of the different grades of schools, the certification of teachers and the supervision of the work of teachers, and other related topics have received consideration. To the list of the earliest members of the association already given, the names of others who became members a little later, most of whom are unknown to the present generation, should be added. The list is not intended to be complete, but it includes most of those who were active in the association for considerable time. Dr. E. B. Fairfield, for many years President of Hillsdale College, lieutenant governor of the State for one term, still living at a ripe old age at Oberlin, Ohio; E. J. Boyd, for some time Principal of a private school for girls at Monroe; Ruth Hoppin, for a long while Preceptress of the Normal School at Ypsilanti; John Goodison, for many years Professor in the Normal School; C. L. Whitney, for a time one of the editors of the Michigan Teacher, who left teaching to engage in business; E. Danforth, who left Michigan for a better position in New York; D. B. Briggs, who later served two terms as State Superintendent; Julia A. King, still active as a Professor of History in the Normal College; John Richards, for some time Professor in Albion College; E. P. Church, whose last work was in the school for the blind at Lansing; U. W. Lawton, still enjoying a quiet life at Jackson; J. M. Ballou, later an efficient member of the State Board of Education; Lewis McLouth, long a Professor in the Normal School, still at work in the east; W. S. Perry, for many years Superintendent of the schools in Ann Arbor; E. A. Strong, still in active service as Professor in the Normal College; FIFTIETH ANNUAL MEETING 267 Duane Doty, for some time Superintendent of Schools in Detroit, later in Chicago; Z. Truesdel, many years Superintendent of schools in Flint, later first Superintendent of the State Public School at Coldwater; H. A. Ford, several years editor of the Michigan Teacher; H. S. Wayland, Professor for a time in Kalamazoo College; W. H. Payne, still serving a second period as Professor of the Science and Art of Teaching in the State University, for several years one of the most active and efficient members of the Association; B. A. Hinsdale, who came into the Association at a somewhat later period, and is still remembered for his efficient services in the University as well as in the Association. Space compels the omission of some other names of comparatively early members, and of all who have become members in recent years. It is well that the "Fathers" be remembered at least by name. The fiftieth annual meeting of the Association was held at Saginaw on December 29th, 30th and 31st, 1902. One session was devoted to exercises appropriate to the occasion. Three papers were read; the first on "Educational conditions in 1852, and the Beginnings of the State Teachers' Association," prepared by D. Putnam; the second by Austin George, upon "Some of the early active members of the Association"; and the third by H. R. Pattengill on "Some Things which the Association has been influential in accomplishing." It will be in harmony with the purpose of this sketch to quote a portion of Mr. Pattengill's paper. He said: "In the early part of its history, the influence of the Association was very great indeed. For many years nearly all the legislation pertaining to educational matters was directly 268 SUMMARY OF WORK the result of work done in this Association. Naturally, as the educational work of the State became established, the immediate results of the Association's deliberations were not so pronounced. Time permits us merely to cite in the most cursory manner the important features of its mighty work. It is of course, impossible to determine just how much influence one of several factors has in accomplishing a purpose, but it seems hardly possible for anyone who has made any study of the subject to doubt for an instant the Association's mighty influence in— 1. Establishing an esprit du corps among teachers. 2. Elevating educational ideals. 3. Introducing Michigan's foremost teachers to the teachers of the State, either personally or through their contributed articles. 4. Bringing to Michigan educators of national prominence; e. g. Horace Mann, Francis W. Parker, E. E. White, etc. 5. Improving methods of teaching. 6. Abolishing the "odious rate bill," and establishing free schools. 7. Establishing an excellent system of high schools. 8. Aiding the cause of co-education in the State Uni versity. 9. Founding a "Journal of education," which in the early days was a valuable ally of the department of education. 10. Fostering teachers' institutes. II. Securing better supervision of schools and examina tion of teachers. 12. Establishing and maintaining both district and township libraries. 13. Greatly improving the moral and religious instruction in the schools. 14. Making the school month twenty days. PRESIDENTS OF THE ASSOCIATION 15. Establishing normal schools and training classes. 16. Securing good compulsory school laws. 269 17. Promoting manual training, kindergarten, physical culture, music and drawing in the schools. 18. Repealing the abominable law of State publication of text-books. 19. Securing laws favorable to free text-books. 20. Educating the people on rural high schools, consolidation of rural schools, and centralization." It will be readily conceded that the things enumerated in this list differ much in relative value, but in the main the enumeration is a just one, and the Association may rightfully be proud of its record of fifty years of labor. The Presidents of the Association during the first twentyfive years of its existence, to 1877, were the following: Principal A. S. Welch, Hon. John M. Gregory, Professor Joseph Estabrook, President James A. B. Stone, Superintendent Franklin Hubbard, Professor A. Winchell, Principal E. J. Boyd, Professor E. L. Ripley, Professor John M. B. Sill, President E. B. Fairfield, Professor O. Hosford, Professor D. Putnam, Superintendent W. H. Payne, Professor D. P. Mayhew, Professor H. L. Wayland, Superintendent T. C. Abbott, Superintendent Duane Doty, Principal J. F. Nichols, President J. B. Angell, Superintendent H. S. Tarbell, Superintendent W. S. Perry, Professor C. F. R. Bellows, Professor Edward Olney. The general policy of the Association gave its presiding officers only a single term. In a few cases the rule was disregarded and a President was elected for a second term. It is to be hoped that the historian of 1952 will find abundant material to put to the credit of he Association in a summary of the work of a second half-century. INDEX. Additional Normal School 253. Affiliated Schools, 97. Agricultural College, 233. Angell, President, on Affiliation of High Schools, 95. Appendix 251. Blind, School for, 237; Superintendents of, 239; Employment Insti- tution for, 254. Boys, Industrial School for, 239. Cadillac on Education, 2. Cass, Gen. Lewis, 5, 10, II, 13. Certification of Teachers, early, 149; by Township Inspectors, 149; Co-education, Sentiments of Teachers and Others as to, 1850 to Colleges, Charters of, etc., 44-48. Compulsory attendance, 122-125. Comstock, O. C., Views of, on Union Districts, 75; on Religious Instruction, 213. Conditions, School, at close of Territorial Period, 17. Constitutional Provisions as to Education, 23-33. Conventions, Constitutional, 22-25. Cooley, Justice, on First Territorial School Law, Crary, Isaac C., Work of, for Schools, 20-25. Deaf, School for the 235-237. Principals of School, 235. District School, Officers of, 55, 65; Relation to other Parts of Education, Importance of, 36; Equality of to Both Sexes, 184-198, Equality of Educational Rights, 184-198, |