Patriotic manifesto adopted, Oct. 30, 1778 ......404, 405 Address to the inhabitants of the United States upon the condition of the country, urging united earnest efforts to defeat their enemies, May 26, 1779.....405-408 Proclamation recommending to the people the observ- ance of the 13th day of December, 1781, as a day of thanksgiving and prayer, October 26, 1781.......408, 409 History of the adoption of the Coat of Arms of the PAGE Interesting account by Thomas Jefferson (Franklin's CONTINENTAL NAVY. ...... First sea fight. Action between the Continental brig .484, 485 Sketch relating to the services of Commodore Samuel 487 ..414-418 The Marine Turtle. A submarine battery, invented and first used for the destruction of British ships in Speech written by Rev. Dr. Jonathan Shipley, late John Wilkes, extract from his speech, Feb. 6, 1775, in House of Commons, on Lord North's proposition to declare that a rebellion existed in the colony of Mass...... Speech delivered in the House of Commons by Capt. Harvey, Feb. 6, 1775, in reply to John Wilkes...427, 428 Celebrated speech of Edmund Burke, March 22, 1775, in House of Commons, in moving his Resolution for conciliation with the American Colonies.........429-453 Examination of Governor Penn, late of Pennsylvania, by the House of Lords, November 11, 1775.453-455 William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. His celebrated speech, delivered in the House of Lords, Dec. 20, 1775, on a motion for removal of troops from Boston. Mass.455-459 His opinion on the Declaration of Independence...... 459 His speech, delivered in the House of Lords, 1777, in opposition to the proposition of Lord Suffolk to employ Indians against the American Colonists.... 460 His speech to Congress on accepting his Commission as Commander in Chief of the Continental Army, His address to the inhabitants of Canada, 1775.....461, 462 His correspondence with Gen. Gage, August, 1775, upon the treatment of prisoners of war.... .462, 463 His letter to the Presi. of Congress, Sept. 24, 1776.464-466. His general orders to the army, April 18, 1783....466, 467 His circular letter to the Governors of the respective States, June 18, 1783, announcing his retirement from the army, and referring to the future of the country, Interesting letters written by him from London to a friend in Philadelphia, Pa., 1761, 1765, & 1766....474, 475 Extract of a letter from Silas Deane, at Paris respect- Interesting extract from a letter written while in Lon- don, Nov. 9, 1765, to his son, William Franklin..475, 476 His correspondence with Lord Howe upon the con- dition of affairs in the Colonies, 1775.............476-478 His address to the People of Ireland, written while at Versailles, France, October 4, 1778...............478-480 Account of his introduction to the Academy of France and his association with Voltaire.. Benedict Arnold. His letter to Gen. Washington, Sept. 25, 1780, palliating his treason.... Ann Seward on the character of Washington ....497, 498 History of the origin of "Yankee Doodle Tarring and feathering originally a Yankee trick.... Letter of Lord Effingham to the British Secretary of The guild of Merchants of Dublin, Ireland, tendering their thanks to Lord Effingham, July 17, 1775....500, 501 Resolution of thanks tendered Lord Effingham by the sheriff and commoners, July 21, 1775........................................ 501 Lord Effingham's answer, Aug. 14, 1775.. Letter from a late London paper, copied from the Maryland Gazette of date 1776, ridiculing the idea that manufactures could be carried on in America.. 503 Address of American loyalists to the King and Parlia- History of John Bull's children. Case of Asgill, an officer in the English Guards, con- demned to death by the Americans in reprisal for the execution by the British of Capt. Hale as a spy Confession of Capt. Wm. Cunningham, formerly British Provost Marshal, New York City ........510 511 Advance of Insurance in London, 1776.... Washington in search of a Pen-Knife, 1779............ 512 Weight of great characters, 1783..... Principles and Acts OF THE Revolution in America. NEW HAMPSHIRE. PROVINCE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. PATRIOTIC PROCEEDINGS AND ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE, 25TH DAY OF JANUARY, 1775. At the convention of the deputies appointed by the several towns in the province aforesaid, held at Exeter, on the 25th day of January, 1775. Present 144 members. Hon. JOHN WENTWORTH, esq., president. Voted unanimously, That we heartily approve of the proceedings of the late grand continental congress respecting the just state of the rights and liberties of the British colonies; and of the means recommended to restore, secure, and protect the same; and that we return our most unfeigned thanks to the late members of that congress in general, and to those of this province in particular, for the faithful discharge of the important trust reposed in them. Voted, That John Sullivan, and John Langdon, esqrs., be delegates to represent this province in the continental congress, proposed to be held at Philadelphia, on the tenth day of May next, and that they and each of them in the absence of the other, have full and ample power, in behalf of this province, to consent and agree to all measures, which said congress shall deem necessary to obtain redress of American grievances. Voted, That two hundred and fifty pounds, lawful money, be raised for defraying the expenses of said delegates. To the inhabitants of the province of New Hampshire. Brethren-When we consider the unhappy condition to which you and your American brethren are reduced! when we reflect that, for near ten months past, you have been deprived of any share in your own government, and of those advantages, which flow to society from legislative assemblies; when we view the lowering clouds, charged with ministerial vengeance, fast spreading over this extensive continent, ready to burst on the heads of its inhabitants and involve the whole British empire in one common ruin-at this alarming juncture, duty to Almighty God, to our country, ourselves, and posterity, loudly demands our most strenuous exertions to avoid the impending danger. Such are the measures adopted by the British ministry, for enslaving you, and with such incessant vigilance has their plan been prosecuted, that tyranny already begins to wave its banners in your borders, and to threaten these once happy regions with infamous and detestable slavery! Shall we, knowing the value of freedom, and nursed in the arms of liberty, make a base and ignominious surrender of our rights, thereby consigning succeeding generations to a condition of wretchedness, from which perhaps, all human efforts will be insufficient to extricate them? Duty to ourselves, and regard for our country, should induce us to defend our liberties, and to transmit the fair inheritance unimpaired to posterity. Voted. That the hon. John Wentworth, col. Nath. Folsom, hon. Meseach Weare, esq. col. Josiah Bartlet, col. Christopher Toppan, Ebenezer Thompson, and William Whipple, esqrs. Should our restless enemies drive us to be a committee, in behalf of this province, to arms in defence of every thing we hold dear. call a provincial convention of deputies, when we should be reduced to a state, dreadful even they shall judge the exigencies of public affairs in contemplation; for should we prove victorequire it: And that they, together with Sam-rious, the blood of our brethren, shed in the uel Cutts and John Pickering, esqrs. be a committee of correspondence for this province. Voted, the following address: unhappy contest, would cause the laurels to wither on our brows, and make the conquerors mourn with the vanquished: but should our enemies be successful, they will thereby rivet | militia upon this continent, if properly disci the chains of slavery upon us and our posterity. Thus surrounded with dangers and distresses on every side, it behoves us to adopt and pursue such peaceable measures as, under God, will be most likely to prevent those dreadful calamities with which we are threatened. Fully sensible that to point out, with any degree of certainty, the methods by which you may shun the threatening evils, would require more than human wisdom, we can only recommend such measures as appears to us most likely to answer that desirable end, best calculated to restore to you that peace and harmony, so ardently wished for by every good and honest American. We therefore earnestly recommend, plined, would be able to do great service in its defence, should it ever be invaded by his majesty's enemies, that you acquaint yourselves with the manual exercise, particularly that recommended and enjoined by the captain general-the motions being natural, easy, and best calculated to qualify persons for real action; and also to improve themselves in those evolutions which are necessary for infantry in time of engagement. Ioth. That, as your enemies are using every art to impoverish and distress you, in order to induce submission to their arbitrary mandates, you carefully shun those measures which may have a tendency to distress your brethren and fellow sufferers, and avoid all unnecessary law 1st. That you discountenance and discourage all trespasses and injuries against individ-suits, and endeavor to settle disputes between uals, and their property, and all disorders of every kind; and that you cultivate and maintain peace and harmony among yourselves. you in the most amicable and least expensive manner. That all debtors exert themselves in discharging their just debts, and creditors exercise such lenity as their circumstances will 2d. That you yield due obedience to the magistrates within this government; and care-admit of. fully endeavor to support the laws thereof. 3d. That you strictly adhere to the association of the late continental congress, and deal with the violators of it, in the manner therein recommended. 4th. That you endeavor particularly to enforce the laws of the province against hawkers, pedlars, and petty chapmen. 5th. That you abstain from the use of East India tea, whenever, and by whatever means it has, or may be imported. 6th. That you encourage and support your several committees of correspondence and inspection, in discharging the very important trust you have reposed in them. 7th. That in case any inhabitant of the colonies should be seized, in order to be transported to Great Britain, or other parts beyond seas, to be tried for offences supposed to be committed in America, you conduct yourselves agreeable to the advice of the late continental congress. 8th. That, in your several stations you promote and encourage the manufactures of this country; and endeavor, both by precept and example, to induce all under you, and with whom you are connected, to practice economy and industry, and to shun all kinds of extravagance. 9th. That the officers of the several regiments strictly comply with the laws of this province for regulating a militia-And as the 11th. That as the inhabitants of the town of Boston, in the province of Massachusetts-Bay, are now laboring under a load of ministerial vengeance, laid upon them to enforce obedience to certain arbitrary and unconstitutional acts, which, if once submitted to, must involve all America in slavery and ruin; conscious that all these colonies are largely indebted to the virtue and fortitude of those patriotic asserters of freedom, we heartily recommend a continuation of your contributions, for the relief of that oppressed people; and that you keep yourselves in constant readiness to support them in their just opposition, whenever necessity may require. Lastly. We earnestly entreat you, at this time of tribulation and distress, when your enemies are urging you to despair; when every scene around is full of gloom and horror; that, in imitation of your pious forefathers, with contrition of spirit, and penitence of heart, you implore the Divine Being, who alone is able to deliver you from your present unhappy and distressing situation, to espouse your righteous cause, secure your liberties, and fix them on a firm and lasting basis. And we fervently beseech him to restore to you and your American brethren, that peace and tranquility, so ardently desired, and earnestly sought for, by every true friend to liberty and mankind. By order of the convention, MASSACHUSETTS REMINISCENCES RELATING TO THE MASSACRE OF CITIZENS OF BOSTON BY BRITISH TROOPS, March 5, 1770. In a former communication we mentioned that one of the causes which led to the massacre of the 5th of March, was the affray between the inhabitants and the British soldiers, an account of which was related to me shortly after the event, by one who was an eye witness. At that time there was only one house on the east side of what is now called Pearl street, in which then resided Charles Paxton, esq. On the west side of the street, stood four or five rope-walks, extending from the upper to the lower end of the street, which were all burnt in 1794. On Saturday afternoon, on the 3d March, 1770, a British soldier of the 29th regiment, accosted a negro who was employed in one of the rope walks, by inquiring "whether his master wanted to hire a man." (The soldiers who were mechanics were sometimes hired as journeymen). The negro answered that his "master wished to have the vault emptied, and that was a proper work for a Lobster."* This produced a conflict between the soldier and the negro, and, before relief came to his assistance, the negro was very severely beaten. Some ropewalk men, (among whom was Mr. Gray, the foreman of the walk), came up and parted Mr. Gray, (who was a very respectable man), told the soldier that "as he had obtained satisfaction for the insult, he had better go to his barracks." The soldier "damned him" and said that for six-pence he would drub him as he had done the negro."-A contest then took place between them in which the soldier received a much worse beating than the negro, and went off to his barracks over Fort-hill, on Wheelwright's (now Foster's) wharf swearing revenge. In about half an hour the soldier returned with about seventy of his comrades, who came over the hill huzzaing, armed with pipe staves split into bludgeons, which they obtained at a cooper's shop, and made the attack with great fury. them. " *Lobsters is the usual term of contempt, expressed in those days by the citizens of Boston, towards the British soldiers, and the citizens of London, in a late riot, at the queen's funeral, made use of the same epithet. Each party was brave and intrepid, but the science in this kind of warfare, which the ropewalk men had obtained in their "Pope Day" battles gave them a decided superiority, and in their pursuit of the soldiers, halted on Forthill, and gave three cheers in token of victory. The noise of the shouting and huzzaing resounded far around, and excited the curiosity of those at a distance. At that time Mr. Hal lowell, (grandfather of the present Admiral Hallowell, in the British navy), owned and resided in the house in Battery March-street, now occupied by Mr. Goodrich, near which he also owned a ship yard, about where now stands the Commercial Coffee House, in which he usually employed about fifty or sixty men. There was a mast yard a little south and several wood wharfs, on all which were also employed hardy laborers, who, together with the blacksmiths, blockmakers, and other athletic mechanics in the neighborhood, (whose brawny arms could wield a club with as much dexterity as an Highlander could manage his broadsword), all ran towards the scene of combat. The bravery of the soldiers was not doubted, and accordingly, preparations were made to repel another attack which was expected, and in which they were not disappointed. The shouting of the soldiers, issuing from the barrack-yard, to the number of more than three hundred, headed by the sergeant-major, moving over the hill towards Pearl street, soon gave alarm. The soldiers pulled down the fence in High street, then called Cow lane), which inclosed the field, where now stands Quincy place. The rope-walk men pulled down the fence on the opposite side in Pearl street, when both parties rushed on each other with equal intrepidity. But the Herculean strength of virtuous labor, united with the activity and science of the Yankees, soon obtained a triumph over an idle, inactive, enervated, and intemperate, though brave soldiery. the The effect of this rencontre was seen in the countenances and conduct of the soldiers the next and following day, who looked vengeance on the inhabitants, especially those whom they suspected to be concerned in the affray on Saturday; and those of them, who were friendly to the citizens, advised them to remain at home on Monday evening, as revenge would then be taken. the culprits brought to a trial, and acquitted, excepting two who were found guilty of manslaughter. The trial was one of the most im The soldiers asserted on Sunday morning, that one of their men had died of his wounds, but as the body was never shewn, it was supposed to be only a pretence to justify the hor-portant that had ever come before an American rid scene which ensued on the Monday evening following. tribunal, especially as the public mind was wrought up to the highest tone of indignation. It established the character of the judiciary for purity and independence, which had been questioned by the tories. The law was triumphant, but the needless barbarity of the act never doubted. So much has been written on the subject of the massacre of the 5th of March, 1770, that it is unpleasant to repeat ugly recollections' respecting that horrid scene, except when it is The funeral of the unfortunate victims was necessary to vindicate our town from slander-attended with great pomp and parade. Thouto establish its reputation for virtuous exertions | sands came from the country; and the whole in the hour of trial-patience under sufferingsand forbearance under severe provocation. The threats of the soldiers, as mentioned in my last communication, were put in execution on Monday evening the 5th of March, 1770, by insulting and abusing many inhabitants in various parts of the town, which resulted in what was called the "horrid massacre," by which four persons were instantly killed, one died of his wounds a few days succeeding, and about seventeen in the total killed and wounded. Language cannot describe the horror and indignation which was excited through the town by this dreadful event. The bells rang a terrific peal, which roused the whole population. More than five thousand citizens were collected in State street and its vicinity. The 29th regt. was marched into the same street. The 14th regt. was under arms at their barracks. What a scene for contemplation! Lieut. governor Hutchinson, and the king's council, | were assembled in the council chamber, even at the solemn hour of midnight! Many of the venerable citizens repaired to them and demanded the surrender of the criminals to justice. The high-sheriff appeared in the balcony of the state house, and ordered silence!!! An awful stillness ensued-when, with a loud voice, he declared, that he was authorized by his honor the lieutenant governor and his majesty's council, with the consent of col. Dalrymple, to say that capt. Preston, and the men who had committed the outrage, should be immediately delivered to the civil power, and requested the citizens to retire peaceably to their dwellings; which, after the soldiers had marched off, was complied with. The next day a town meeting was called, and the lieut. governor and council assembled, the proceedings of which are very eloquently | described by the venerable sage of Quincy in one of his letters to Mr. Tudor, lately published. The result of this melancholy affair was, that all the troops were ordered out of town, and number that followed them to the grave, was supposed to exceed ten thousand ! History does not (perhaps) record an instance, where the moral and patriotic character of a city was ever more conspicuous than Boston exhibited on this occasion. It was supposed by many, that the above recited horrid event, did more to effect an alienation of the affections of the people of New England from the British government, than any other whatever. When I bring to my recollection, Mr. Russel, that solemn and impressive scene, when the high sheriff was delivering the governor's message from the balcony to the assembled thousands, I am irresistibly drawn to a contemplation of what must have been the wonder and astonishment of any one of that vast crowd of citizens, if an angel had descended from heaven and unfolded to him the events of futurity :That, in less than seven short years, we should throw off our allegiance to a beloved king, and our connection with our mother country, to which we then looked with solicitude and affection, and fondly called it our home! That to establish our independence, would produce an eight years' war, in which all Europe would be directly or indirectly engaged! That seven young men, among that populace, would array themselves against their native country, and, finally, become admirals and generals in the English service! That one of them, then only an apprentice to a Cornhill shop keeper, should become distinguished, not only as a British officer, but as a general and a count in the German empire! A philosopher of a new school, which for usefulness would be paramount to all others, and at his death, estabtablish a professorship in the university in our neighborhood. That among them were two youths, a physician and a bookseller, who would become generals in the service of their native country; and one of them, by his heroic exertions in |