TABLE OF CONTENTS II. THE RELIGIOUS BACKGROUND OF THE CHINESE III. THE OUtstanding CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRISTIANITY AND THE BEARING OF THESE UPON THE POSSIBLE ACCEPTANCE OF CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA V. CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA UNDER THE MONGOLS VI. THE AGE OF EUROPEAN DISCOVERIES AND THE RESUMPTION of Roman CATHOLIC MISSIONS VII. THE PROGRESS of ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSIONS FROM The Death OF RICCI TO THE REVERSES CAUSED BY THE CONTROVERSY over the RITES (1610-1706) . 102 IX. THE PERIOD OF RETARDED GROWTH: ITS BEGINNING (1707) TO ITS END (ABOUT 1839) X. METHODS AND RESULTS OF ROMAN CATHOLIC MIS- XI. THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN CHINA IN THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES XII. THE RENEWED EXPANSION OF EUROPE: THE INDUS- TRIAL REVOLUTION, THE REVIVAL OF CATHOLIC XXI. RUSSIAN MISSIONS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY XXII. REFORM AND REACTION (1898-1900) XXIII. CHINA IN A TIME OF REORGANIZATION (1901-1926). XXIV. CHINA IN A TIME OF REORGANIZATION (1901-1926). ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSIONS, 1901-July, 1914. THE MISSION OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX XXV. CHINA IN A TIME OF REORGANIZATION (1901-1926). PROTESTANT MISSIONS, 1901-July, 1914 . XXVI. CHINA in a Time of REORGANIZATION (1901-1926). XXVIII. CHINA IN A TIME OF REORGANIZATION (1901-1926). ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSIONS, 1914-1926. RUSSIAN ORTHODOX MISSIONS, 1914-1926 . . XXIX. CHINA IN A TIME OF REORGANIZATION (1901-1926). 567 A HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN CHINA CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION To the visitor to China in the year 1926 one of the most interesting and thought-provoking features of the landscape was the physical evidence of the activities of Christian missionaries. If the traveller entered the country by Shanghai, on the outskirts of the city his steamer passed the substantial buildings of an institution which he was informed was Shanghai College, maintained by American Baptists. Once in the city, if he were observant, he found buildings of the Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations, churches, Christian hospitals and schools, and a structure called the Missions Building in which were the headquarters of many national and local Protestant organizations. In the suburbs he discovered the well-equipped campus of St. John's University, the spacious buildings of the McTyeire School for girls, and the great Catholic plant at Zikawei, with its stately church, its commodious schools, orphanages, and seminaries, its library, its museum of natural history, its meteorological observatory, and its printing plant. If he came by way of Suez and Singapore, and if he paused at Hongkong long enough to visit Canton, the tourist saw, as his steamer carried him up one of principal channels toward the city, the extensive campus of Lingnan University, or, as it was formerly called, Canton Christian College. On the banks of the other channel he found the large building of a girls' boarding school-the True Light Seminary-and the smaller buildings of a Protestant union theological seminary. Long before he reached the city he saw rising in the distance the twin towers of the Roman Catholic cathedral, and on or near the bund he found a Protestant hospital, church the two 1 |