HOMAS CARNEY, the sec

ond Governor of Kansas, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, Aug. 20, 1824. His ancestry was a mixed one, composed of Irish and German. His father, James Carney, was of Irish descent, being the grandson of one of the same name, who came to this country and assisted the Colonies in the war with Great Britain. His mother was remotely of German descent, and like his father was born in Pennsylvania. They removed to Ohio the year before the birth of Gov. Carney. They were Presbyterians, in which faith Mr. C. was reared. The portion of Ohio in which Mr. Carney was Dorn was then a wilderness, and the family engaged in farming, the land having to be cleared first. The father died when the lad was but four years old, leaving the mother with four children, the eldest being only six years of age, the early life of young Carney therefore was spent in work of the hardest kind, from the moment he was old enough to be of any assistance. From the age of seven to eighteen he worked on the farm belonging to the family, and then started for himself as a farm hand for six months, at $10 a month. From the time he was eleven years of age until he left home, he was the teamster of the family, and carried the products of the farm to Newark, thirty-six miles, his motive power being a yoke of oxen for most of the time. He attended school some during the winter

months, and after he was eighteen went to school in Berkshire, Ohio, for six months. After this he commenced a long, persistent and weary search for employment in a store, and was finally successful in Columbus, where he remained in the employ of a retail dry-goods house for two years, and then took service with a wholesale dry-goods establishment in Cincinnati. He obtained, while in the retail house, $50 a year and his board for the first year's service, and for the second year $100. At the end of this period he was given a quarter interest in the firm, with his name at the head of it. A rise of so great rapidity is unprecedented. He resided. in Cincinnati twelve years.

Mr. Carney's health became impaired by his devotion to business, and in 1857 he visited the West, and commenced business in Leavenworth in the spring of 1858. In 1861 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1862 was elected Governor. He entered on his duties the 1st of January, 1863, at a time when Kansas affairs were in a most critical condition.

In 1864 he was elected to the United States Senate, but as there was some doubt as to whether or not the time at which the election was held was the proper one, he declined the position. He was soon after elected Mayor of Leavenworth, and was re-elected. Since that period, 1866, he has occupied himself wholly with his private business.

The earlier struggles of the future Governor were arduous and severe, but probably had their effect in strengthening him for the career for which he was destined. When he took possession of the gubernatorial office, in January, 1863, he found the State of Kansas but little better than a political and

financial wreck. A local writer referring to that period says, that the "State was in peril at almost every point, and its settled portions were one extended camp. A rebel force hovered on its eastern and southern borders, while Indians were murdering and scalping in the west. Nothing short of a constant vigilance could prevent the rebel enemy invading the State and butchering the people."

An appeal was made to the military authorities for assistance and to Gov. Carney for protection. It was at a time when the General Government was too busy with the Rebellion to give close attention to matters in a new and remote State, and hence the Governor was obliged to depend on his own resources. He was equal to the emergency. The State had no money, no men, no arms, no ammunition, with which to protect itself, but even this did not discourage him. He visited the menaced regions, and soon satisfied himself that something had to be done, or the State would be overwhelmed by the perils which threatened it. In the counties which were more particularly threatened, the population became uneasy, and removals were being made to places of safety by so many of the residents that there loomed up a probability that the entire region would become a desert.

After looking over the ground, Gov. Carney determined to raise a force of 150 men from citizens of the menaced region, and to employ them as a patrol along the border, so that no hostile movement could be made without detection, and the people could be warned of danger in time to rally at the necessary points for defense, all being armed and organized into military organizations. This patrol was hired by the Governor for the public defense out of his private means. He agreed to pay $1 a day each, for man and horse, the United States Government furnishing the rations. this force in the field, and kept it in active operation, at a cost to himself of over $10,000. At the same time he was a Captain in the home guards, and many a night was on guard like the private soldier.

He put

The little patrol put in the field by the Governor preserved the borders from invasion so long as it lasted, which was some three months. At a later period the Governor was notified by the commander of the Federal forces that he was able to care for the safety of the State, and thereupon the patrol was abolished. Almost immediately after it was disbanded Quantrell made his raid into Kansas, and Lawrence was attacked, burned, and its residents massacred. Concerning this feature of the transaction the Governor says: "While this patrol was on the border the arrangements were such that the different members could speak with each other

every hour, and thus be in a position to almost instantly communicate with the residents in case of invasion. When the Government notified me that it could take care of the border I disbanded the patrol, and within three days Lawrence was in ashes and 180 people were foully murdered. The military was scattered in squads over a distance of twenty-five miles along the border, and when Quantrell moved into Kansas he had no difficulty in marching between the Federal divisions. The march of Quantrell was entirely unknown and wholly unexpected. Not a living soul knew that he was in the State when he arrived before Lawrence.. A man living on the route taken by the guerrillas saw them, and mounted a horse and undertook to carry the information to Lawrence. His horse fell and the rider's neck was broken, and thus the sole witness of the invasion was silenced."

It will show the benevolent disposition of the Governor to state that from his own pocket he gave $500 to the widow of the man who undertook to carry the warning of danger to Lawrence.

The entire official career of Gov. Carney was of the stormiest and most perplexing character, and it is certain that, with an official head less clear and efficient, the embarrassments and perplexities of Kansas would have proved insoluble. Cool, selfpossessed, firm, intelligent, he guided the State through the storms, breakers, whirlpools and rocks, which were encountered, and finally reached the harbor, with the vessel much battered but sound in frame and in all essential particulars.

The following is a copy of a resolution passed by the Kansas Legislature after his term of office had expired:

"Resolved by the House of Representatives of the State of Kansas, that the thanks of this House and the people of the State of Kansas are justly due to Hon. Thomas Carney, late Governor of the State of Kansas, for the honest, faithful and impartial manner in which he discharged his executive duties."

Gov. Carney is possessed of ample wealth, which he uses to the best advantage. His wife was Rebecca Canady, of Kenton, Ohio, who has devoted much of her time for a number of years in caring for the orphaned children of the State. His children are four in number, all boys.

No man in Kansas is more honored and respected than he, and no man has done more, either in a public or private way, for the advancement of the State and its institutions. Its railroads, bridges, churches, school-houses, and its citizens needing assistance, all bear witness to his liberality and bounty.

SAMUEL J. CRAWFORD, the third Governor of the State of Kansas, was born in Lawrence County, Ind., April 10, 1835. His ancestors were ScotchIrish, who emigrated to America at an early period in Colonial days. His paternal grandfather served in the war of the Revolution as a soldier from the State of North Carolina, and his maternal grandfather was a planter in the same State. His father, William Crawford, emigrated, in 1815, to the then Territory of Indiana, and located in Lawrence County, where he became a successful farmer. Although born, reared and educated in a slave State, the elder Crawford had imbibed unconquerable prejudice to the institution of slavery, and as a consequence turned his back upon friends and kindred and sought a home in the Northwest Territory, in which slavery and involuntary servitude had been forever inhibited.

The subject of this sketch was reared upon his father's farm, and received a common-school and academic education. At the age of twenty-one he became a student at law in the office of the Hon. S. W. Short, of Bedford, Ind., pursuing his studies until the fall of 1857, when he entered the Law College at Cincinnati, from which institution he was graduated in 1858.

In March, 1859, he bade adieu to home and friends, proceeded to the Territory of Kansas, and located in Garnett, the county seat of Anderson County. Here he practiced his profession of the law, and was elected a member of the first State Legislature, which convened at Topeka, March 27, 1861.

The attack upon Ft. Sumter, following swiftly after the Montgomery Secession Convention, the failure of the Peace Conference, the Proclamation of Jefferson Davis calling for 100,000 men, and

the seizure of Government property by Floyd and Twiggs, without protest from the Executive, thrilled loyal Kansas to the very core. President Lincoln made his first call for 75,000 volunteers in April, 1861. Responding to this call, Mr. Crawford resigned his seat in the Legislature, returned home, recruited a company, was chosen its Captain, assigned to the 2d Kansas Infantry, and mustered into the United States service. He served with the regiment, participating under the gallant Gen. Lyon in the battle of Wilson's Creek and various other battles of the Missouri Campaign fought during the summer and fall of 1861. In the winter of 1861-62, the regiment was re-organized, and became the 2d Kansas Cavalry. Capt. Crawford was assigned to the command of Company A, and soon thereafter promoted to the command of a battalion. He participated with his regiment in the battles of Newtonia, Old Ft. Wayne, Cane Hill, Prairie Grove, Van Buren, and various other engagements fought by Gen. Blunt during the TransMississippi campaign of 1862.

It was in these engagements that Capt Crawford developed extraordinary ability as a cavalry leader. At the battle of Old Ft. Wayne he charged the enemy's lines and captured a battery under circumstances which almost forbade the venture, and for which achievement he was complimented in General Orders. At the battles of Cane Hill and Prairie Grove he acquitted himself with great credit, and was again complimented by the commanding General. In March, 1863, although holding the rank of Captain, he was assigned to the command of the 2d Kansas Cavalry, and led the regiment in the campaign of that year through the Indian Territory and Western Arkansas, which resulted in the battles of Perryville, McAllister and the Backbone Mountain, and the capture of Ft. Smith by the Federal arms. The 2d Kansas Cavalry covered itself with glory in these memorable campaigus.

In October, 1863, Capt. Crawford was promoted to be Colonel of the 83d United States Infantry, and with his regiment accompanied Gen. Steele on the Shreveport, La., expedition, which moved southward, in March, 1864, from Ft. Smith and