M. Pastor Diaz. It may be hoped that, now that the national honour has been satisfied by the successful termination of the Morocco war, the inhabitants of the Pyrenean Peninsula, as the Germans call it, will cultivate more successfully the liberal arts. At present the temper of this country seems to be to pet Italy at the expense of Spain. But a more general acquaintance with the literature of the latter would show that the land of Cervantes and Calderon has still the materials for a distinguished intellectual career. The organs of public opinion have been led tacitly to recall the disparaging statements which, at the beginning of the late war, they made about the Spanish army. The works of such writers as Caballero and Pastor Diaz, if studied, would be found as adapted to reverse hasty judgments, as the brilliant military services of O'Donnell and his gallant fellow-generals. It is to be regretted that, among us, so few, except Romanist clergymen, attracted by such able but sectional writers as Balmez and Donoso Cortes, should pay attention to the tongue in which the best known of prose fictions has been written. Spanish was the study of our literary men in our Augustan era. More remote from our ordinary rules of thought and expression than either French or German, it is, in this respect, a more useful mental occupation than either. The "Revue des Deux Mondes" keeps before the highest French mind, with impartiality and critical power, the literary productions of Spain, as well as its compeer and rival in the other South Europe Peninsula.
which Francois D'Aguesseau was descended have been carefully, but not in a disproportionate manner considered. The book is divided into three parts, of which the first treats of D'Aguesseau's history till his accession to the Chancellorship in 1717. The second embraces the period which elapsed between his thus reaching the summit of his professional career, and his second exile in 1722. The third comprehends the twenty-nine years between that date and his death. M. Monnier has accurately shown the real merits of the great Chancellor, and has neither disguised nor explained away his occasional weaknesses in action. He has carefully abated the somewhat vague and rhetorical eulogies which the less accurately informed of modern French liberals have passed upon D'Aguesseau. Not aiming at brilliancy, M. Monnier has yet produced a book of great interest, in which the political and social life of France in the first half of the eighteenth century is ably depicted. The state in which D'Aguesseau found French law, his views as to its reform, and the manner in which his legal designs and efforts have been adopted or modified by succeeding jurists, are clearly and freely unfolded. A good selection is given of the chief causes with which, as pleader or as judge, his name is associated. But there is no section of the work which can reasonably be regarded as dry by a non-professional reader. To the more public matters treated of, a fine relief is afforded by the well-chosen details about the Chancellor's country life at Fresnes, and an account of his writings on subjects not connected with the law. The book is an important contribution to the history of that pre-revolutionary period, on which MM. de Tocqueville, de Carnè, and others, have recently written so fully and with such inA SERIES of able articles in the Moniteur on terest. The favourable opinion of such D'Aguesseau lately appeared from the pen judges as Cousin and Barthelemy St. Hilaire, of M. Oscar de Vallée. A more complete encouraged M. Monnier to this publication. work on the famous Chancellor has now We hope that the reception of his book will been issued by Professor Monnier. It is a be such as to render him independent of book of permanent value, thorough extent of anything more than suggestions from his research and carefulness of narrative. The literary friends in regard of any future fortunes of the eminent legal family from work.
Le Chancellier D'Aguesseau; Sa Conduite et
ses Idees Politiques. Par M. FRANCIS
MONNIER, Professor au College Rollin.
Paris Didier et Cie. 1860. Pp. 499.
Amari's, Michel, account of the Sicilian Mahometans, | Buchanan, Rev. Dr., on the Book of Ecclesiastes, 151.
Australian Ethnology, 199; Dr. Latham's varieties
of the human family, 200-202; Hon. T. M'Com-
bie's report regarding the aborigines of Victoria,
202, 203; the physical geography of the Oceanic
Archipelago, 203, 204; Victoria colony, 204; the
aborigines of Australia, 205-207; educational
aspects, 207-210; whence have the aborigines
derived their language, 210, 211.
Austria-see Protestants, persecutions of.
Babbage, Mr., on the employment of coloured papers
for printing, 79.
Bohemia, execution of distinguished insurgents, 52;
cruelties by Romish nobles, ib.; sufferings of Pro-
testants, 52, 53; St. John Nepomuk, 53; over-
throw of the Protestants by Count Pappenheim, ib.
Brewster's Sir David, observations on colour, 73;
new lenses, 248, 249.
British Lighthouse system, 263; deliverance of select
committee of House of Commons in 1834, 264;
private individuals the proprietors of lighthouses,
ib.; Captain Cotton's statement, ib.; English light-
houses, 265; Scotch, ib.; management of Irish
lighthouses, ib.; list of Irish lighthouses, 266;
inequality of light dues, ib. ; sum collected as light
dues, 267; sketch of Scotch lighthouses, 268; Sir
D. Brewster's lenses, 268, 269; consequence of re-
jecting the dioptric system, 269, 270; varieties of
distinguishing lights, 270, 271; Mr. Stevenson's
report, 271; dangerous character of lights em-
ployed, 271, 272; Sir D. Brewster and Sir J.
Herschell read papers to the Royal Society, 272;
analysis of Mr. A. Stevenson's evidence, 272, 273;
his reply to the "Edinburgh Review," 273; Bell
Rock lights still dangerous, 273, 274; the holo-
phote light, 274; Messrs Stevenson's report
to the Board of Trade; proceedings of the
Scottish Board, 275, 276; Sir David Brewster
corresponds with the Commissioners, 276; Mr.
Macconochie's letter to Sir David Brewster, 276,
277; lighthouses placed under the control of
Trinity House, 277; list of lighthouse instruments,
278; further improvements still demanded, ib.;
ample powers invested in commissioners, ib.;
suggestions offered to commissioners, 274; im-
portance of the merchant shipping interest, ib.;
public apathy regarding lighthouse officials, 280;
responsibility of lighthouse administration, ib.
Bryce, Dr. James, on the geology of Clydesdale and
Arran, 148; ancient canoes dug up in Glasgow,
ib.; fallacies in Dr. Bryce's work, 149, 150.
Bunting, Dr. Jabez, Life of-see Wesleyan Metho-
dism.
Caballero, Fernan, works of, 143; character of her
writings, 144.
Campbell, Thomas, Literary Reminiscences and
Memoirs of, 157; true idea of biography, 157, 158;
the poet's parentage, 159; his childhood, 160;
juvenile pieces, 161; early religious impressions,
161, 162; anecdote of the poet, 162, n.; enters
college, ib.; 162, 163; interest in public events,
164; poem, ib.; depression in adolescence, 164,
165; becomes a private tutor, 165; engagements
as a copying clerk, 166; first literary engagement,
167; publication of the "Pleasures of Hope," ib.;
visits Germany and England, 168; death of his
father, 169; arrested on a charge of high treason,
ib.; dealings with his family, ib.; London life,
170; marriage with his cousin, ib.; is pensioned
by Government, 171; appointed editor of the New
Monthly Magazine-elected Lord Rector of Glas-
gow College, 171, 172; decline, 172; death, 173;
his sincerity of impression, ib.; his earnestness,
Cellier's, M. F. du, history of the working classes in
France from the conquest of that country by
Cæsar, to the present time, 301; alleged deficiency
of Protestant teaching, 302; tendency of French
literature, ib.
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Ceylon and the Singhalese, 101; Point de Galle, ib. ;
its physical features, 102, 103; historical records,
104; ancient history, 104, 105; medieval history,
105, 106; Portuguese rule, 106; the Dutch settle
in Ceylon, 106, 107; falls into the hands of the
British in 1796-
a governor appointed, 107;
Singhalese, duplicity, ib.; revenge, 108; climate,
109; zoology, 110-114; geese, 114, 115; social
life, 115; ichthyology, 116; elephant hunting,
117, 118; Adam's Peak, 119; snakes, 120.
Chevalier's, M. Pitre, ancient Brittany, 144.
Church and State-the spiritual and civil courts,
224; different theories of the relation between
them, 225; impossibility of identifying them, 226;
alliance implies not identity, but distinctness, 227;
they differ in their origin, and in respect of their mem-
bers, 227, 228; also in respect of the powers they
possess and employ, 228; in regard to the matters
with whichthey have to deal, fb.; distinction implies
mutual independence, 229; the distinction founded
in nature, 230; independence of Church the same
as liberty of conscience, 232; office of the Church
ministerial, 233; equal toleration for churches as
for individuals, 334; connection between civil and
religious liberty, 235; Lord Mansfield's judicial
opinion, 236; the principle on which he founds
his interpretation of the Toleration Act, ib.; things
spiritual and civil known to the law, 237; two
points to be inquired by the magistrate, 238;
independence of churches by common law, 239;
forms necessary by judicial procedure, 239, 240;
informality of procedure no ground for State inter-
ference, 240; civil interests affected by spiritual
proceedings, 241; remedy in cases of civil wrong,
242; independence of Church not founded on con-
tract, 242, 243; contracts are partly spiritual and
partly civil, 244, 245.
Coast Defences and Rifle Corps, 14; military career
of Sir J. F. Burgoyne, 15; his essays, 15, 16;
letter of the late Duke of Wellington regarding
our coast defences, 16; the navies of France and
England, 16, 17; our militia, 17; volunteer corps,
18; floating defences, 19; army estimates and
military establishments, 20; employment of sol-
diers in the construction of fortifications, 21; staff
appointments-relative merits of ship and shore
batteries, 22; Sir J. Burgoyne's scheme for the
defence of Constantinople, ib.; the Crimea, 23;
army administration, 24; military detail, ib.; the
educational element, 24, 25.
Cobra de Capello, 111.
"Colloquies" of Erasmus, 32; the false knight, 33;
'Charon," ib.; the soldier, 33, 34; saint-worship
and confession, 34; "child's piety," 34, 35; the
Apostles' Creed, 35.
Congress, general scientific, 142; utility of a general
scientific congress, ib.; Hand-Book of the British
Association, 143; patronage of men of high rank
required, ib.
Darwin, Charles, on the origin of species, 245; his
facts in proof, 246, 247; Cuvier and Agassiz's
theories, 247, 248; final causes, 248, 249; defini-
tions of species, 250; genera and differentia, ib.
n.; variation under domestication, 251; the sub-
ject of reversion, ib.; experiments with goats,
252, n.; Mr. Pritchard's examples, 252, 253; M.
Koulin's observations on the oxen of the South
America, 253, n.; permanent varieties, ib.; mixed
races, 254; man's selection, 255; species are not
immutable, ib.; the struggle for existence, 256,
258; extravagant theories, 258; Mr. Darwin's
principles of natural selection and of divergence,
259; on difficulties, and on transitional varieties,
260; instinct and hybridism, 261; Sir C. Lyell
adheres to Mr. Darwin's views, 262; character of
Mr. Darwin's work, 263.
Dawson, Dr., studies of the cosmogony and natural
history of the Hebrew Scriptures, 294; contents
of the book, 295; views on the creation, ib.;
remarks on Genesis i. 5; the pre-Adamic world,
296; the Sabbath, ib.
Diaz's, M. Pastor, novel of modern life, 302.
Dues levied for the support of lighthouses, 266, 267.
Elephant hunting in Ceylon, 117, 118.
English lighthouses, tabular list of, 265.
Erasmus as a satirist, 26; at Oxford, 27; is influ-
enced by Colet, 27, 28; departs for Italy, 29;
writes the "Praise of Folly," ib.; satire on the
schoolmen, 30; morals of popes and clergy, 30,
31; indulgences and saint-worship, 31; worldly
prospects, ib.; religious writings, 32; the Collo-
quies, 32-35; Erasmus' last words, 35, 36.
Europe, state of, 281; continental powers indebted
to England for the growth of freedom since 1815—
aspects of affairs in Italy, ib.; fruits of the thirty
years' peace between England and France, 282;
alliances of England with continental states, 282,
283; general arming of European powers 283;
policy of Napoleon III., ib.; causes which led to
the Villafranca treaty, 284; the secret treaty with
the King of Sardinia, ib.; conduct of the French
Emperor when signing the treaty of Villafranca,
ib.; retirement of M. de Cavour, ib.; anomalous
position of the French ambassador, 284, 285; the
92d article of the congress of Vienna, 285; inter-
national treaties, ib.; the Savoy question, 286;
home government by Napoleon III., ib.; what
ought to be the aim of our foreign policy, ib.;
geographical and political position of France, 286,
287; public character of Napoleon III., 287;
French railways, ib.; great increase in the com-
merce of France, 288; its agriculture, ib.; pro-
bable results of the new commercial treaty, ib.;
population of France, 289; her army and navy,
ib.; Germanic Confederation, ib.; position of
Prussia, 290; Austria necessary for the balance of
power in Europe, 291; extract from M. de Sze-
méré's work, 292; statistics onpopulation, 293,
Form and Colour-see Sir J. G. Wilkinson.
Fossil Footprints-see Hitchcock, Professor.
Friends, Society of, essays on, 175; struggle between
the formal and spiritual, 176, 177; George Fox
begins to preach, 177; W. Penn's opinion of him,
178; mental conflicts of Fox, 178; jottings from
his journal, 179; extraordinary document address-
ed to Fox, ib. n.; system of discipline, 180; re-
vival of all sects during the eighteenth century,
182; doings of the Friends, ib.; imperfect views
regarding the pastoral office, 183; silent meetings,
ib.; causes tending to the decrease of Quakerism,
184; their peculiarities, 185; eager pursuit of
riches 186; laws regarding marriage, 186, 187;
is the sect likely to revive, 187, 188.
Gioberti's, Vincen, biography of, 301.
Glasgow Volunteers, the, poem by Thomas Camp-
bell, 164.
Heine's, Heinrich, complete poems, 211; Mr. Bow
ring's biographical sketch, 211, 212; poem on the
reminscences of his Hamburgh life, 212, visits
England, ib.; the Ex-watchman, 213; Heine pen-
sioned by the French Government, ib.; illness
and death, 213, 214; evening gossip, 214; style
of Mr. Bowring's translation, 215; specimens of
the translations, 216, 217; Heine influenced by
the writings of De Larra, 217; has certain points
of resemblance to Leopardi, 218; defective ren-
derings, 219; Friederike 220; satirical pieces, 221,
222; the poet Ferdusi, 222; Heine's criticism,
Hitchcock's, Professor E., fossil footprints, 133;
fossil marks accidentally discovered at South Had-
ley in 1802, ib.; Dr. Duncan of Ruthwell's directs
attention to fossil footprints in Dumfriess-shire,
134; Dr. Buckland's theory regarding Dr. Dun-
can's discoveries, ib.; Professor Owen on the foot-
prints of birds, 134, 135; organic remains of the
Connecticut sandstone, 135; economical bearings
of paleontology, 136: review of Professor Hitch-
cock's work, 137; difficulties, 137, 138; trap
agency, 138; footprints afford good grounds for
determining to what class the animal belonged,
138, 139; position of the footprints, 139; Profes-
sor Hitchcock on the formation of the sandstone of
the Connecticut valley, 139, 140; zoology and
botany of that valley, 140, 141; rival claims, 141,
142.
History, the museum of natural, 300.
Hungary, the reformation in, 54; the Jesuits, Peter
Pazmann, ib.; Leopold I., 54, 55; execution of
Tattenbach, 55; military occupation proclaimed,
56; Protestant officials summoned to Presburg, ib.;
the minister Lobkowitz, ib.; Hungarian exiles re-
turn to their native land, ib.; Emeric Tekeli, 56,
57; league with the Turks and Hungarians, 57;
John Sobieski, ib.; the Hungarian revolt crushed,
58.
India, essays on, 188; the brothers Lawrence, 188;
extracts from Sir Henry's essay of 1844, 189; is
opposed to the annexation of Oude, 190; has an
intimate knowledge of native character, ib.; mo-
tives of native rulers in making public works, 191;
Sir Henry's report for the years 1850, 1851; Punjab
administration, 191, 192; system of jurisprudence,
192; agricultural and general improvements, 193;
financial results, 194; strategical importance of
the Punjab, ib.; the Indian army, 195; army re-
form, 196, 197; orphan asylum, 198; his influ-
ence for good, 199.
Insects, the natural history and economy of farm,
297; how crops are to be preserved from the
ravages of insects, 298; crops liable to their at-
tacks, ib.
Irish Lighthouses in 1834, list of, 266.
Jesuits, History of the, 145.
Jones', T. S., manual, for the seashore, 298; Sir
John Dalyell's aquatic zoology, 290.
Latham's, Dr., varieties of the human race, 200-202.
Lawrence, Sir Henry-see India.
Leopold I. of Austria, 54 55.
Lights, suggestions on, 279.
Macpherson's, Rev. John, philogical system de-
lineated, 146; statement in Genesis xi. 7, ib.;
on pronunciation, 147.
Man, pre-Adamite, 297; Gen. i. and ii., ib.
Manchester, prayer-meetings in, 94.
Methodism-see Wesleyan Methodism.
Military education, 24; Sir John Burgoyne disap-
proves of examination with regard to general edu-
cation, 25; education of officers, 25, 26; military
educational establishments, 26.
Miller, Mr. Hugh, on the organic remains of the
Connecticut sandstone, 136.
Monnier's M. Francis, life of the Chancellier
D'Aguesseau, 303.
Mossari's, G., life of Gioberti, 301.
Neaves', Lord, opinion of Dr. Wilson, 127, 128.
Owen, Prof., the footprints of birds, 134, 135.
Page's, David, Geological Terms, 151.
Penn's, W., estimate of G. Fox, 178.
"Praise of Folly, The," 29.
Pritchard's, Mr., remarks on the original stocks of
domesticated animals, 252, 253.
Protestant, persecutions of, by the Austrian Govern-
ment, 49; character of M. Michiels' history, ib.;
- scope of Spanish literature, 50; Ferdinand I.
urges reform in the Romish Church, 51; Romanist
reaction in Austria, 52; persecutions in Bohemia,
53; the thirty years' war, ib.; the reformation in
Hungary, 54; diet, of Presburg, 56; dealings of
Austria with Hungaria, 56, 57; Gustavus Adol-
phus John Sobieski, 57; Tekeli, ib.; perse-
cution in Salzburg, 58; French influence, 59;
social state of Austria in the eighteenth century,
ib.; the Empress Maria Theresa, 60; Prince von
Kaunitz, ib.; Riegger, 61; Sonnenfels, 62;
Joseph II. grants toleration, ib.; he suppresses
monasteries and nunneries, 63; Josephism, ib.;
Lombardy in 1792, 64; wars with Napoleon, 65;
Austrian policy in 1813, ib.; the future of Austria,
66; Austrian statistics, 67.
Quakerism-see Friends, Society of.
Ranke's, von Leopold, history of England, 300.
Récamier, Madame, 1; the institution "salon," 1, 2;
French and English modes of seeking amusement,
2; French gambling, 3; Madam Récamier's social
position-her pliant nature, 4; fête of 10th De-
cember 1797, 5; meets the First Consul, ib.;
arrest of Madam Récamier's father, 8; his offence,
ib.; dishonest politicians, ib.; M. Bernard re-
leased, 9; M. Fouche's overtures, 10; Madame
Récamier's refusal, ib.; bal masque, 11; intrigues,
ib.; M. Récamier's bankruptcy, 12; French so-
ciety, 13, 14.
Redding, Mr. Cyrus-see Campbell, Thomas.
Revival Literature, 152; revivals in post-apostolic
times, 154; in Britain and America, 154, 155;
notices of the different works, 155.
Rifle Corps-see Coast Defences.
Salzburg, persecution of Protestants in, 58; they re-
ceive aid from neighbouring princes, ib.
Scotch Lighthouses, list of, 265.
Scripture, the silence of, 37; negative internal evi-
dence, ib.; silence as to the nativity, 37, 38; were
the Evangelists illiterate? 39; their social po-
sition, 40; Jewish and Christian festivals, 41;
Romish festivals, 42, n.; silence regarding the in-
fancy and youth of Jesus, 42, 43; legends regard-
ing his infancy, 44; early life, ib.; personal ap-
pearance, 45; the scope of the Evangelists' writ-
ings, ib.; import of the negative evidence, 46;
value of the silent evidence, 48.
Singhalese-see Ceylon.
Smyth, Professor, on the present state of the longi-
tude question, 156.
Species, the origin of-see Darwin, Charles.
State see Church and State.
Stevenson's, Mr., report on lights, 271.
Stevenson, Mr. A, analysis of evidence before the
Lighthouse Committee of House of Commons, 272,
273.
Trinity House, lighthouses placed under the control
of 277.
Victoria colony, description of, 204.
Wesleyan Methodism, 86; its influence on society,
ib.;
its rise in England, 87; persecutions, ib.;
progress, 88; Wesley's adherence to the Church
of England, ib.; labours of the Wesleyan
preachers, 90; Wesleyanism in 1790, 91; after
Wesley, ib.; Jabez Bunting, 92; his parentage,
ib.; early training, 93; studies for the medical
profession, 93, 94; prayer meetings in Manchester,
94; Bunting becomes a local preacher, ib.; re-
solves to abandon the study of medicine-com-
pletes his term of probation, 94, 95; is offered
Episcopal orders and an incumbency-rejects the
overtures, 95; the question of matrimony dis-
cussed, 95, 96; correspondence, 96; notices of
several of the London ministers, 97; appointment
of finance committee, ib.; Manchester circuit, 98;
Sheffield circuit, ib.; the ecclesiastical policy of
Bunting, 98, 99; establishment of the Wesleyan
Missionary Society, 99; general view of his life,
Whitefield, mental conflict of, 179, n.
Wilkinson, Sir J. G., on the harmony and contrast of
colours, 68; Goethe's Farbenlehre, ib.; M. Chev-
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