Simond's most entertaining Journal of a supporters: Dexter, a knight holding in Tour in Great Britain,' vol. i., 1817, drawn his exterior hand a spear; Sinister, a and etched by him. A Highlander, Low- countryman, in his exterior hand a haylander, or indeed any but a Jew at the date fork. This family is a younger branch of these snuff - taking representations were the Earls of Glencairn. made, wearing a beard, would be as great an anomaly as a moustache worn in powdered-wig days. HAROLD MALET, Col.

"ESLYNGTON":

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ISLINGTON (10 S. vi. 29). MR. ALECK ABRAHAMS inquires whether the variant Eslyngton occurs elsewhere than in the Diary' of Henry Machyn in 1554. I can give him an instance eighteen years earlier, therefore I do not think it can be attributed to Machyn's phonetic rendering only. To the best of my belief, I have come across it very much earlier, but am not quite sure. The letter which was sent from Ralph Broke to Lisle, dated 21 March, 1536, was from Eslyntoun, nr. London (Gairdner's Letters and Papers,' vol. x. p. 206).

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JOSEPH COLYER MARRIOTT. 36, Claremont Road, Highgate. Thomas E. Tomlins in his Perambulation of Islington,' p. 2, refers to Islington as a vernacular corruption of Yseldon, anciently pronounced and written Eyseldon," and he proceeds to deal with the derivation. Perhaps this early use of the initial E will account for the use of it by Henry Machyn. FRANK PENNY.

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See also Dick-Cunningham, Bt., creation 1677 and 1807; Cunninghame, Bt., creation 1672; Fairlie-Cuninghame, Bt., creation 1630; and the Marquis Conyngham, who, like the above-mentioned baronets, includes a shake-fork in his coat of arms and bears the motto "Over fork over." It is curious what a number of varieties in spelling there are of the family surname.

The Cunninghames of Kilmaurs, Scotland, in Cunningham as were founded by Warnebald, who settled a vassal under Hugh Moreville, Constable of Scotland, in the twelfth century, and assumed the

name

of Cunninghame. The chief line of this ancient race, the Cunninghams, Earls of Glencairn, became extinct at the decease, in 1796, of John, fifteenth Earl of Glencairn, the friend and patron of Robert Burns, whose beautiful Lament has added new lustre to the name of Glencairn.

The heir-generalship of this family is now vested in the Fergusson baronetcy, creation 1703, of Kilkerran, Ayrshire. The third baronet claimed in 1796 the Earldom of Glencairn (created 1488): the Lords decided that he had proved himself to be the heirgeneral to Alexander, Earl of Glencairn, who died 1670, but had not proved his right to the earldom.

My maternal grandfather, the late Col. Sir John Laurie, R.A., eighth Baronet of Maxwelton, creation 1685 Nova Scotia, was considered to have a claim to the earldom; and there was a transference of lands in Dumfriesshire from the Earl of Glencairn to the grandfather of the first Laurie baronet in the middle of the sixteenth century, which territory to this day has not been alienated.

Among the derivative branches of Kilmaurs, I may mention the Cunninghams of Glengarnock, Caddell, Polmaise, Drumquhassel, Ballindalloch, Aiket, Monkredding, Caprington, Lainshaw, Auchenharvie, Cunninghamhead, Craigends, Corshill, Carlung, and Montgrenan, who bore for arms Ar., a shake - fork sa. Crest, A unicorn's head, couped ar, maned and horned or. Supporters, two rabbits ppr. Motto, Over fork over." F. W. R. GARNETT. Wellington Club, Grosvenor Place, S. W.

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"ITO":"ITOLAND " (10 S. vi. 461; vii. 12).—In reply to MR. ABRAHAMS's criticism,

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I may say that my "enthusiastic laudation " of the Territorial Movement has received extraordinary confirmation within the last few days, in quarters and in a manner that must convince the most apathetic of the soundness of its principles and of the statesmanship of the founder. Mr. Zangwill has received from a sympathizer the princely donation of 100,000l., and the great and noble house of Rothschild has handed to him 20,000l. for the purpose of setting on foot one invaluable branch of the great work, viz., emigration on a basis of self-preceded the existing structure, had the dependence. Emigrants will pay their own passage money to their destinations, but will receive advice and guidance from Ito agents on landing. Hitherto, as I pointed out in my note, everything has been done for the emigrant, except finding him: under those conditions there was an abundant supply, naturally the least desirable in a new country. Philanthropy was twice cursed it cursed those who gave and those who received its doles. The age of Schnorring is dead. We mean to raise up a generation of self-respecting, law-abiding citizens, making their own laws in their own way, in any land that will give us power under charter. It is time the world settled this miserable Jewish question by giving us what we want, and what, as men and women, we are entitled to, viz., the right of working out the spiritual salvation of our race in any way that seems best in our own eyes. That is our idea of Autonomy. I have been a Territorialist for years.

R. E. E. CHAMBERS. Pill House, Bishop's Tawton, Barnstaple.

mation on matters Novocastrian could be considered complete. Tommy had, indeed, attained such distinction as obtained for him the dignity of having his portrait printed on a post card and sold for twopence. For the purpose of soliciting alms, Tommy-on-the-Bridge" took his stand every day, and in all sorts of weather, for well on towards half a century, near the middle of the Low Bridge, stretching across the Tyne from Newcastle to Gateshead. The old stone bridge, removed in 1867, that line of division between the two towns indicated by a long narrow pavement stone running right across the footpath. To many generations of Tynesiders this was known as the Bluestone," and it was here that Tommy first took up his station. He was blind, and usually wore a shabby overcoat reaching almost down to his heels, and a world too wide for him. His most striking peculiarity, however, was a continuous rocking and half-turning motion, caused by raising first one foot and then the other slightly from the ground, swaying his head in the meanwhile in unison with his body, and lightly but incessantly tapping his breast with the thumb of one hand. The latter action was doubtless due to a nervous affection, but the rocking movement is said to have been voluntary at first, and the explanation given of its origin is curious enough to be worth preserving, though exactly how much fact and how much fancy there is in this explanation I have no means of ascertaining. One thing, however, is certain. Tommy, when he was off the bridge, did not lift his feet alternately when standing, as he was accustomed to do on the bridge, and this I think we may take as one piece of evidence in favour of the account commonly believed in.

The Bluestone, where Tommy-on-theBOUNDARIES AND HUMOROUS INCIDENTS: Bridge first took his stand in the early TOMMY-ON-THE-BRIDGE (10 S. vii. 30).- sixties of last century, marked, as has been On the first day of the year which has just said, the boundary line separating the towns begun there died here a Newcastle "cha- of Newcastle and Gateshead. When he racter," known far and wide, even beyond stood still, Tommy had a foot in each; the confines of this district, as Tommy-on-when he rocked and lifted his feet alterthe-Bridge.' An ingenious plan with which nately, though the one foot was clearly he is credited for checkmating the police enough in Newcastle or Gateshead, as the might serve to furnish MR. RUDOLPH DE case might be, the other foot, being for the CORDOVA with an illustration of parish- moment off the ground, could not be said boundary humour, though, quite apart from to be in either place. Tommy therefore this, I think his death is worth noting claimed, as a logical deduction from these here, as he had become, if I may so phrase premises, that as he was in neither place it, a recognized Newcastle institution-altogether, it must follow that he could not one of the sights of the city that the curious be said to be in either place, and was constranger must see before his stock of infor- sequently outside the sphere of police inter

ference. The idea was fanciful, and I should chayne to the vttermost leangthe," he could imagine unique; but, whatever its origin, do no more than view the monuments in whether deliberately entered upon or not, the chancel from a distance, for that part the alternating movement, from long con- of the church was in Warwickshire. tinuance, became automatic when he took up his position at his accustomed place.

Gravelly Hill, Erdington.

BENJ. WALKER.

MIS

COLERIDGE'S 'DEJECTION': A PUNCTUATION (10 S. vii. 45). The intrusive comma is omitted without editorial comment in the Poems of S. T. Coleridge' which Messrs. Bell & Daldy included in their Elzevir series of 1864. The late Mr. Thomas Ashe also rejected it in his Aldine Coleridge, published in two volumes in 1885.

punctuates thus :

He

When the old stone bridge above referred to was demolished, the historic "blew-stone," as it or one like it was termed by Grey in his 'Chorographia,' as far back as 1649, found an appropriate resting-place with the Newcastle Antiquaries. On the new bridge, however, Tommy took up his wonted position. In an ordinary way he stood without speaking, unless a passer-by addressed him, when he was by no means Joy, Lady! is the spirit and the power, slow in retort. But occasionally, when his Which wedding Nature to us gives in dower takings were very scanty, he lost his temper A new Earth and new Heaven, &c. and poured out a steady stream of profanity In a foot-note he indicates that he has made on a hard-hearted world. This brought the alteration simply from a sense of fitness. him now and again into the clutches of the 'We have," he says, removed a confusing police, who, however, were extremely comma: indulgent towards the old mendicant, so in dower a new earth,' &c." Joy, wedding Nature, gives us This gloss long as they could reasonably be indulgent, accords with one of the readings suggested and usually gave him the opportunity, by by MR. SHAWCROSS, but it seems less satisthe slowness of their approach, of seeking factory than his alternative arrangement of sanctuary at the other side of the boundary, the clause. This, by the placing of commas where their authority ceased. after "which" and us respectively, shows that through the agency of Joy a union is effected between Nature and the human spirit, and this appears to be the poet's meaning.

By the death of Tommy-on-the-Bridge a familiar figure has passed out of the sight of Newcastle and Gateshead folks, and Tynesiders, to whatever distant corner of the world they may have wandered, will feel the poorer for the knowledge that when they return home and recross the Tyne Bridge it will be to find that one of the old associations that linked them with the days of their youth has vanished for ever.

Gateshead.

JOHN OXBERRY.

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THOMAS BAYNE.

GENTLEMEN'S EVENING DRESS (10 S. vii. 48).-See chap. iv. of Pelham.' Lady Frances, writing to her son, after recommending the wearing of flannel waistcoats as very good for the complexion," observes: Apropos of the complexion: I did not like the blue coat you wore when I last saw you; you look best in black-which is a great compliment, for people must be very distinguished in appearance in

order to do so.

After the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot, Thomas Habington, of Hindlip in the county of Worcester, a well-known sympathizer with the Catholics, was apprehended and condemned to death, but, almost at "One at least of the changes which the book the last moment, pardoned upon the con-Pelham' is referred to here] effected in matters dition that he should never, during the rest of his life, leave the county of Worcester. He was then 46 years old, and lived to be 87, and during that long period he devoted his whole time to the accumulation of notes for a history of Worcestershire, which have recently been edited by Mr. John Amphlett, and published by the Worcestershire Historical Society. When he came to Tardebigge he found that the county boundary passed through the church in such a way that the nave only was in Worcestershire, and therefore, although he "streached his

coats worn for evening dress were of different of dress has kept its ground to this day......till then colours, brown, green, or blue, according to the fancy of the wearer; and Lord Orford tells me that the adoption of the now invariable black dates from the publication of 'Pelham.' All the contemporaries of Pelham would appear to have been simultaneously possessed with the idea that they, were entitled to take to themselves the great com pliment paid by Lady Frances to her son."— Life vol. ii., p. 195.

Pelham was published in 1827.

"His dress on the evening in question consisted as a loan-word by several European lanof a blue coat with a velvet collar, and the consular guages. Thus in Greek we have μαχαλάς, button, a buff waistcoat, black trousers, and boots. It is difficult to imagine what could have reconciled a street or quarter; in Roumanian mahalá, and him to adopt the two latter innovations upon ward, section, suburb; in Servian evening costume, unless it were the usual apology Croatian mahala, Vorstadt oder Stadtfor such degeneracy in modern taste, the altered viertel," &c. JAS. PLATT, Jun. proportions of his legs......He was averse to strong contrasts in colours......One evening he said, 'My dear Jessse, I am sadly afraid you have been reading "Pelham"; but, excuse me, you look very much like a magpie.' I was dressed in a black coat and trousers, and white waistcoat, and though I had never given that gentleman's adventures a second thought, I considered myself at least a grade above a magpie."— Life of Beau Brummell,' 1854, chap. vii. The fashion of black must have come in very slowly; for from various fashion-plates in my possession, blue, brown, and darkgreen coats were common in the thirties, and not entirely unknown in the early years of the following decade.

R. L. MORETON.

In the Daily Mail of 14 December, 1900, was an illustration of men's evening clothes as they were worn in 1801, showing that the decorated waistcoat and frilled shirt, such as it is desired in some quarters to revive to-day, were then in vogue. I have not verified the quotation, but in Chambers's Journal for May, 1904, the adoption of black is said to have come about through a paragraph in Lytton's 'Pelham,' his second novel, which did not appear until 1827. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

THE AINSTY OF YORK (10 S. vi. 462, 511; vii. 36). It seems to me to be rather im probable that a large tract of country containing 49,720 acres, and, nowadays, twenty parishes, should be named after a track only wide enough for the passage of one horse or carriage. Was Canon Taylor utterly wrong in his suggestion that Ainsty signified, as regarded York, its own possession, its peculiar? See 8 S. i. 383.

ST. SWITHIN.

"THE MAHALLA ” (10 S. vii. 45).-MR. MAYHEW is not quite correct in ascribing to this the sense of army or army corps. It is the technical term for a column quartered on a rebellious city, with the object of eating it up," and so reducing it to submission. Mahalla is a well-known Arabic word, derived from the verb "to abide," and meaning a parish or other division of a city or town. The term is in constant use in Persia, India, Turkey, and other Mohammedan countries, and has been taken over

ROTARY BROMIDE PROCESS (10 S. v. 346). I should like to confirm what L. L. K. says as to the excellence and convenience of copies made by competent operators in this process. Perhaps he will be so good as to let me know the name and address of a photographer who will do such work in the Public Record Office. R. J. WHITWELL.

70, Banbury Road, Oxford.

PROF. WALTER BAILY'S BOOKS (10 S. vi. 507). The Reference Department of the City of Birmingham Free Library does not possess an original copy of Dr. Baily's pamphlet on the baths at Newnham Regis, but about twenty-five years ago there was added to its collection of Warwickshire books a carefully written transcript of it. The copy from which this transcript was made was dedicated "To the right honorable Sr. Frauncis Walsinghm knight principall secretarye to the quens most excellent Ma." BENJ. WALKER.

Gravelly Hill, Erdington.

ANDREW JUKES (10 S. vii. 48).-Mr. Jukes died at Woolwich, 4 July, 1901, aged 85. A list of his extremely thoughtful and suggestive works will be found in Crockford's

Clerical Directory' for 1899 and 1900. They begin with a Hulsean prize essay on the interpretation of prophecy, in 1841, and end with The Order and Connection of the Church's Teaching' (notes on the Collects, Epistles, and Gospels-the least striking of his works, so far as I know them), in 1893. He was B.A. of Trinity College, Cambridge, was ordained deacon in 1842, and never proceeded to priest's orders, but after holding a curacy at Hull for a short time lived a studious and retired life.

W. D. MACRAY.

The Rev. Andrew Jukes was admitted to deacon's orders in 1842, and was licensed to the curacy of St. John's Church, Hull. My personal recollections of him are of what he was after he had become the pastor of an independent congregation in the town. In his public ministrations he continued to use the prayers of the Church of England, but his teaching was akin to that of the Plymouth Brethren. The publication, in 1867, of his book The Second Death and the