Rural China Takes Off: Institutional Foundations of Economic ReformUniversity of California Press, 1999年5月17日 - 259 頁 In this incisive analysis of one of the most spectacular economic breakthroughs in the Deng era, Jean C. Oi shows how and why Chinese rural-based industry has become the fastest growing economic sector not just in China but in the world. Oi argues that decollectivization and fiscal decentralization provided party officials of the localities—counties, townships, and villages—with the incentives to act as entrepreneurs and to promote rural industrialization in many areas of the Chinese countryside. As a result, the corporatism practiced by local officials has become effective enough to challenge the centrality of the national state. Dealing not only with the political setting of rural industrial development, Oi's original and strongly argued study also makes a broader contribution to conceptualizations of corporatism in political theory. Oi writes provocatively about property rights and principal-agent relationships and shows the complex financial incentives that underpin and strengthen the growth in local state corporatism and shape its evolution. This book will be essential for those interested in Chinese politics, comparative politics, and communist and post-communist systems. |
內容
Fiscal Reform and Rights to the Residual | 27 |
Credible Commitment | 47 |
Fiscal Incentives for Local Development | 56 |
Variation and Evolution | 58 |
The Logic of Collectively Owned Enterprise Development | 65 |
Management and Ownership in the 1990s | 80 |
Changing Ownership Forms in Rural Industry | 93 |
The Local Corporate State | 99 |
The Corporate Nature of Local Regulation | 152 |
Local Appropriation of Central Controls | 159 |
Economic Retrenchment and a Test of Central Control | 166 |
The Erosion of Credit Controls | 172 |
Local Corporate Interests and Collusion | 178 |
The Limits of Central Control in a Changing | 189 |
Appendix A Research and Documentation | 205 |
Appendix B Changes in Chinas Fiscal System | 211 |
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administrative Agricultural Bank allocation amount areas Beijing budget bureaucratic cadres central chapter China China's rural Chinese cials collectively owned enterprises communist constraints contracts corporate corporatism corporatist county officials county-level credit cooperatives decollectivization economic growth enterprise management bureau example extrabudgetary funds extrabudgetary revenues factory managers finance bureau fiscal reforms Fujian grain Guangdong incentives income tax increased individual institutions interests interviews investment Jiangsu jingji Leninist loans localities Maoist period ment million yuan nomic peasants percent political prefecture prises private businesses private enterprises private sector problems production profits property rights provinces Qingdao quota regulations residual retrenchment rural enterprise management rural industry Shaanxi Shandong Sichuan sources state-owned enterprises strategy subsidies tax bureau terprises Tianjin tion township and village township economic commission township enterprises township level township-owned upper levels village enterprises village party secretary village-owned Wenzhou within-budget workers World Bank Wuxi xiangzhen qiye