ning of April of that year, to have uniformly decreased. It further appears from the Colonel's statements, that the western variation had been on the increase through 162 years, or since 1657: it was only 77 years before this period that the first authentic observations on the variation can be found, or in 1580, when the needle at London varied to the east 11° 15'.

Jameson's Marine Thermometer.-From many experiments made of late years by scientific persons, there seems every reason to believe that the thermometer is an instrument of far greater importance to navigators than it has been generally supposed.

The late celebrated Dr Franklin was the first person who noticed the great difference between the temperature of the water on the North American coast, in and out of soundings, and suggested the use of a thermometer as an indicator of an approach to that dangerous shore, as it had been uniformly found that the nearer any vessel approximated the shore, the colder the temperature of the water became.

Afterwards Col. Jonathan Williams, of Philadelphia, endeavoured, with some success, to call the attention of seafaring men to the importance of the thermometer as a nautical instrument; and satisfactorily succeeded in showing, that no vessel on board of which a thermometer is, can possibly be cast away on the coasts of the United States, without at least a sufficient warning of the approach to danger, to allow of its being avoided, unless the ship should be so entirely disabled as to be totally unmanageable.

The statements of Dr Franklin and Colonel Williams applied only to the coasts of North America; and hence it came to be generally supposed that the increased heat of the sea, when out of soundings, was caused by the Gulf stream-current, which, issuing from the Gulf of Mexico, sweeps to the northward along the coasts of the United States: it has of late however been established, that the decreasing temperature of the water, as any vessel approaches the coasts of Spain, Portugal, and Barbary, is sufficient to give warning to any attentive navigator of his approach to these coasts; and it seems probable, from the experiments of Mr Davy, (brother to the celebrated Sir Humphrey,) that the thermometer will be found to point out, not only the proximity of land, but also that of extensive banks &c. in all places.

A person whose experience had shown him, that in quitting the American coasts there was an increase of twelve deg. of Fahrenheit's scale in the temperature of the sea in a few hours run from the mouth of the Delaware, found also on approaching the coast of Portugal, that the mercury in the tube of the thermometer sunk from 69 degrees, at which it stood in the open sea, to 60 degrees, when his ship was about three or four miles from Cape St Vincent and subsequently, that in beating through the VOL. VII.

Straits of Gibraltar with a contrary wind, the mercury in the thermometer rose and fell in proportion to the distance he was from the Spanish or African shores, ranging from 68 degrees, at which it stood in the middle of the Strait, to 61 degrees, which was the lowest to which it sunk on the African side; and on the Spanish shore it never fell lower than 64 degrees; which is easily accounted for, as the ship was never so near that shore, it being considered adviseable to keep at a distance from the shoals, &c. near Tariffa.

The person already mentioned, having discovered many objections to the mode of using the thermometer recommended by Colonel Williams, and having had several thermometers broken, applied to different mechanics in various places to construct a marine thermometer case for him, which would protect the instrument, and facilitate its use, but unsuccessfully, until he some time since applied to Messrs Gardner and Jameson, mathematical instrument makers in Glasgow. Mr Jameson, of that firm, invented and made a case, which not only prevents the thermometer enclosed in it from being injured, but admits and retains water from any depth which may be desired; so that the results obtained by the experiments made with it are exempted from any chance of being influenced by the solar rays in summer weather or warm latitudes, or by the chill of the air in winter or cold climates, as by an ingenious contrivance the bulb of the thermometer is kept immersed in a column of water admitted and retained by the case, from the greatest depth to which it has been sunk.

Mr Purdy, the hydrographer of London, has expressed his opinion of Mr Jameson's invention in very flattering terms, as have also many highly respectable scientific and nautical men.

Natural History.-Specimen from the Cape.-A living animal of the antelope species, called a Nhu, having the head of a cow, the mane of a horse, and the hind part resembling that of a mule, was brought to England in the Barossa, from the Cape of Good Hope. animals are inhabitants of Southern Africa, but very rarely to be met with. The one now brought home belongs to Lord Charles Somerset.

These

Aurum Millium.-Mr N. Mill has discovered a new metal resembling gold, and possessing some of its best qualities, which he calls aurum millium. In colour, it resembles 60s. gold, and is nearly as heavy in specific gravity as jewellers' gold. It is malleable, and has the invaluable property of not easily tarnishing. It is very hard and sonorous, and requires care in the working. The price of it being from 4s. to 4s. 6d. an ounce, will not be an obstacle to its general use and for beauty there is not any metal that exceeds it, and it is susceptible of an exquisite polish. 2 T

Description of Norway-The following account of the appearance of Norway, as distinguished from Sweden, is given by Bedemar :-Norway, he says, consists principally of a mountain-basin, surrounded by the remains of an elevated platform, the exterior border of which, jagged by deep cuts, and ascending to a great height, lies around the whole of the ridge of the principal range of mountains. The sea has penetrated to this border, through the abysses which have been opened; and the western storms, and an illjudged industry, have circumscribed within the vallies the scanty woods which run through the basin itself. On the outside descend only mountain torrents, short in their course: the large streams belong to the centre of the land. * They form many beautiful and high waterfalls, and many large lakes in their course. On the coasts only are a few towns to be found;

the rest of the country is covered with insulated dwellings; brown log-houses, surrounded by a few corn-fields and extensive meadows, small and independent pos sessions, suited to the independent and sturdy character of the people. In the vicinity of rivers, which are at times nearly invisible from the quantity of timber float ing down them, numerous saw-mills are to be seen; and a few iron and copper works are to be met with in the spaces cleared from wood. Along the sea shore, habitations, solitary or in groupes, surrounded with implements for fishing, and curing fish, appear like so many nests in the green hollows among the rocks. Over all this, an atmosphere generally clear, delightful, and invigorating, is spread as far as the 69 -70 of latitude, after which we meet with deep and impenetrable fogs, a sea like lead, and the melancholy silence of an uninterrupted wilderness.

IN the press, and shortly will be published, in one volume 4to, Posthumous Letters addressed to Francis Colman, and George Colman the Elder, with annotations and occasional remarks; by George Colman the Younger.

Nearly ready for publication, a General History of the House of Guelph, from the earliest period to the accession of George I.; compiled from authentic documents, by Dr Halliday, physician to the Duke of Cla

rence.

Dr J. Gordon Smith, Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence in London, is preparing for the press a work on that subject, which is intended to serve the double purpose of a Text Book to his Lectures, and a Guide in the management of professional evidence in the public courts. It is expected to be ready early next season.

In a few days will be published, by Capt. James Gifford, R. N. price Is. the Unitarian's Defence; being a Reply, in part, to the late Rev. D. Anderson's Sermon, which was preached before the Deanery of Gower, and was published at their request.

The Rev. T. Jebb has in the press a volume entitled Sacred Literature; compris ing a Review of the Principles of Composi tion laid down in the Prelections and Isaiah of the late Robert Lowth, D.D. Lord Bishop of London; and an application of the principles so reviewed to the illustration of the New Testament, in a series of critical observations on the style and structure of that Sacred Volume.

A new edition of Mr H. Neele's Odes and other Poems, with considerable additions, is in the press, and will speedily be published.

It is proposed to republish, by subscription, The Forms of the Church of Scotland, &c. &c. &c. published at Edinburgh in the year 1567, by Bishop Carsewell of Argyll, with an English Preface, Notes, and some account of the Bishop, &c.; by the Rev. James M'Gibbon, Inverary. This ancient and curious book, printed in the Gaelic language, at a period when there were but few books printed even in English, must be interesting to all the lovers of Celtic literature. To them the single circumstance of there being now only one copy of the work known to be extant, will, independent of many other reasons which might be stated, but which are reserved for the Editor's Preface, be a sufficient apology for proposing to reprint this very rare and earliest specimen of printed Gaelic, as the only means, both of preserving it from being utterly lost, and of preventing the Gothic scepticism of future times as to its having ever existed. The prefatory letters addressed by Bishop Carsewell to the Earl of Argyll, and to the Reader, &c. it is proposed to accompany with an English Translation, as they contain matter which may be deemed interesting to

others as well as to those versed in the Celtic language, and prove, beyond all controversy, that the poems which relate to Fingal, his heroes, and their achievements, were recited, and written, and universally known, and highly appreciated among the Highlanders, at least 200 years before Macpherson's name was heard of!

CONDITIONS.

I. Upon the one page the Bishop's Gaelic text will be printed verbatim et literatim, and upon the opposite, for the accommodation of modern readers, it will be given according to the present orthography of the language, &c.

II. The work will be published in 8vo, on good paper, and will contain at least from 400 to 500 pages of letter-press.

III. It will be put to press when a competent number of Subscribers is procuredà period which cannot be distant, from the many inquiries and assurances of support which the Editor has received from various quarters.

IV. Price to Subscribers on delivery, 12s. 6d.

Sappho; a tragedy, by F. Grillparzer, translated from the German, and adapted to the English stage, 8vo.

Ricciarda, tragedia di Ugo Foscolo, 8vo. 7s. 6d.

New Sacred Dramas for Young Persons,

BIOGRAPHY.

Private Correspondence of David Hume, the historian, with several distinguished persons, 4to. £1, 11s. 6d.

Relics of Royalty; or Anecdotes of George III.; by Joseph Taylor. 5s.

The Life of Granville Sharp, compiled from authentic documents; by Prince Hoare, Esq. 4to.

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EDUCATION.

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A Key to the above, and to the Italian and French; by the same. 4s.

A Key to Bland's Algebraical Problems; by J. Darby. 8s.

DRAMA.

Virginius; a historical tragedy; by J. S. Knowles, Esq. 3s. 6d.

Rural Employments; or, a Peep into Village Concerns; by Mary Elliot. 2s.

FINE ARTS.

A Catalogue of the Pictures at Grosvenor

House, London, containing Etchings of the whole collection, and a historical notice of each Picture; by John Young, keeper of the British Institution, 4to. £2, 2s. India Paper, £3, 3s.

Lectures on Painting, delivered at the Royal Academy, with additional Observations and Notes; by Henry Fuseli, P.P. handsomely printed in 4to, with a Portrait, and other Engravings. £1, 16s.

The additional Lectures in this Edition are sold separately, price 18s.

GEOLOGY.

A New Geological Map of England and Wales, reduced from Smith's Map, exhibiting a general View of the Stratification of the Country, intended as an elementary map. 14s.

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Narrative of the Political and Military Transactions of British India, under the administration of Marquis Hastings, 18131818; by H. T. Princep, 4to. £2, 10s.

LAW.

A Law Glossary of the Latin, Greek, Norman, French, and other languages, interspersed in the commentaries; by Sir W. Blackstone, and various law Treatises upon each branch of the profession; translated into English, and alphabetically arranged by Thomas Taylor, 8vo. 9s.

Hale's Common Law, royal 8vo. £1, 10s. Reports of Cases in the House of Lords upon Appeals of Writs of Error in 1819; by D. Bligh, vol. I. part I. Ss.

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The Barrister; or, Strictures on the Education proper for the Bar; by Thomas Ruggles, Esq. 12mo. 6s.

A Practical Introduction to the Science of Short Hand, upon the principles of the late ingenious Dr Byrom; by William Gawtress, 12mo. 5s.

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The London Journal of Arts and Sciences, No. III. 2s. 6d.

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The Eton Salt-bearer, a periodical work, to be published in Monthly Parts: by an Etonian. Part I. 1s.

Memorabilia; or, Recollections, Historical, Biographical, and Antiquarian; by J. Savage. Nos. I. to VI. 1s. each,

Thoughts on the Love of Excelling and the Love of Excellence, 8vo. 6s. The Quarterly Review, No. XLV. 6s. General Index to the Quarterly Review, Part II. 6s.

The Fancy; a Selection from the Poetical Remains of the late Peter Corcoran, of Gray's Inn, Student at Law; with a brief Memoir of his Life.

The Peerage Chart; or, Alphabetical List of the House of Lords for 1820. This Chart contains the following particulars of each Member:-Title; Title of the Eldest Son; Surname; Dates of the first and last Creation; Precedence in the House; Age; if Married, Bachelor, or Widower; Number of Children; Knights of the Garter, Thistle, &c.; Lord Lieutenants; Privy Councellors; Roman Catholics; Peers whose income exceeds £50,000 per annum ; Patrons of the Arts and Sciences; Peers whose Ancestry can be traced to the Conquest; and Peers' eldest Sons, who are Members of the present Parliament. There are also nine divisions, shewing by what means the Peerage was obtained, that is to say, whether by Naval, Military, Legal, or other Services; together with a list of the Spiritual Lords. Forming, upon the whole, a complete Peerage in Miniature. Price 5s. On canvass, in a neat case for the pocket, 8s. On canvass and rollers, 10s.

Miscellanies, in Prose and Verse; by Thomas Jones. 6s. 6d.

MUSIC.

Judah; a Sacred Oratorio; by William Gardiner. 21s.

NOVELS.

The Wharbroke Legend; a Tale of the Dead, 12mo. 2 vols, 14s.

Lochiel; or the Field of Culloden, 12mo, 3 vols.

Antar; a Bedoween Romance; translated from the Arabic; by Terrick Hamilton, Esq. 4 vols. £1, 16s.

Warbeck of Wolfstein; by Miss Holford. 12mo, 3 vols. £1, 4s.

The Retreat; or Sketches from Nature, 2 vols; by the Author of Affection's Gift.

Anastasius; or, Memoirs of a Greek, 2d edition, 3 vols. £1, 11s. 6d.

POETRY.

The Amyntas of Tasso; translated by Leigh Hunt.

The Picturesque Tour of Dr Syntax, No V. Vol. II. 2s. 6d.

Sonnets, Amatory, Incidental, and Descriptive, with other Poems; by Cornelius Webb.

The View, and other Poems; by C. Leigh.

Tales of the Hall; by the Rev. G. Crabbe, 3 vols small 8vo. 18s.

Poems; by B. Barton, 8vo. 10s. 6d. Advice to Julia; a Letter in Rhyme, fc. 8vo.

Ismael, an Oriental Tale, with other Poems; by E. G. L. Balmæ, 12mo. 7s.

The Poetical Decameron; or Ten Conversations on English Poets and Poetry, particularly of the Reigns of Elizabeth and James I.; by J. P. Collier, of the Middle Temple, 2 vols, cr. 8vo. 21s.

Don Juan; Cantos 1. and II., small 8vo. 7s.

POLITICAL ECONOMY.

Principles of Political Economy considered, with a view to their practical application; by the Rev. T. R. Malthus, A. M., F.R.S., 8vo. 18s.

On the Principles of Political Economy; by David Ricardo, 2d edition, 8vo. 14s.

POLITICS.

A System of Voluntary National Revenue, to replace all compulsory taxation.

2s. 6d.

A Letter to Lord John Russell on French Affairs, 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Sketch of a Plan for the effectual and per

manent removal of the Public Distresses. 1s. 6d.

A series of Letters, addressed to a Friend upon the Catholic Question; by Britannicus. 2s. 6d.

A Fragment of the History of John Bull, with the Birth, Parentage, &c. of Jack Radical, with Incidental Remarks, 8vo. 5s. A word for the King, and a word for the Queen. 2s.

A Queen's Appeal, 8vo. 5s.

A Letter to the Livery of London. 1s. 6d.

THEOLOGY.

Lectures on some important branches of Religion; by Thomas Raffles. 7s.

Sermons; by the Rev. D. W. G. Garrow. 10s. 6d.

Sermons, Illustrative and Practical; by the Rev. W. Gilpin, M.D., Rector of Pulverhatch Salop, 8vo. 12s.

Chillingworth's works; containing the Religion of Protestants, a safe way to Salvation, Sermons, &c., 8vo, 3 vols. £1, 16s. Remarks upon the Principles adopted by Writers, who have at various periods recommended a New Translation of the Bible as expedient and necessary, 8vo. 5s.

Sermons; by the Hon. W. Herbert. 4s. The Remonstrance of a Unitarian, addressed to the Bishop of St David's; by

The present state of Chili, from the Report laid before Congress; by Judge Bland, the Commissioner sent to that country by the Government of the United States in 1818. 3s. 6d.

Kenilworth Illustrated; with designs by Westall. Part I. med. 4to. 10s. 6d. sewed.

Geographical and Descriptive Delineations of the Island of Van Diemen's land, one of the Dependencies of New South Wales; by Lieutenant C. Jeffreys, R. N., 8vo. 5s.

An Account of Timbuctoo and Housa Territories in the Interior of Africa; by El Hage Abd Salum Shabeanee, with Notes. 8vo. 12s.

Customs of the Manor of Taunton, and Taunton Deane. 2s. 6d.

The American Traveller's Directory, being a complete List of all the Direct and Cross Roads; and also, the Conveyance by Water, throughout the United States of America, &c. &c.; by John Mellish, Geo

grapher and Map Publisher, Philadelphia.

A New Picture of Naples and its Environs; by Marien Vasi; Illustrated with Maps and Views, 18mo. 10s. 6d.

An Itinerary of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Russia, being a complete Guide to Travellers through those Countries; by M. Reichard, with a Map. 7s.

An Itinerary of Spain and Portugal; by M. Reichard, with a Map. 7s.

VOYAGES AND TRAVELS.

Prince Maximilian's Travels in Brazil, 4to. £2, 2s.

Journal of two Expeditions beyond the Blue Mountains, and into the Interior of New South Wales; by John Oxley, Esq. R. N., 4to. £2, 10s.

Modern Voyages and Travels, No III. Vol. III., containing Prince Maximilian's Travels in the Brazils, with numerous Engravings, 3s. 6d.

Journal of a Tour through part of the Snowy Range of the Himala Mountains, and to the sources of the Rivers Jumna and Ganges; by J. B. Fraser, Esq., with a Map, royal 4to. £3, 3s.

Twenty Views in the Himala Mountains, Illustrative of the foregoing Travels, Engraved from the original drawings made on the spot; by J. B. Frazer, Esq. To subscribers, £21,-Non-Subscribers, £26, 5s.