Elements of Mental Philosophy: Embracing the Two Departments of the Intellect and the Sensibilities, 第 2 卷

Thomas Cogswell Upham

Harper & Brothers, 1859

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CHAPTER II	24

CHAPTER III	30

Section	33

Varieties of the sensation of sound	36

ปี	38

Origin of the notion of extension and of form or figare	40

On the sensations of heat and cold	41

Of the sensations of hardness and softness	42

The opposites of demonstrative reasonings absurd	203

Demonstrations do not admit of different degrees of belief	204

Of the use of diagrams in demonstrations	205

CHAPTER XI	206

Of the nature of moral certainty	207

Of reasoning from analogy	208

Of reasoning by induction	209

Of combined or accumulated arguments	210

Of certain indefinite feelings sometimes ascribed to the touch	44

Relation between the sensation and what is outwardly signified	45

CHAPTER VI	46

Statement of the mode or process in visual perception	47

Of the original and acquired perceptions of sight	48

The idea of extension not originally from sight	49

Of the knowledge of the figure of bodies by the sight	50

Illustration of the subject from the blind	51

Measurements of magnitude by the	52

Of objects seen in a mist 41 Of the sun and moon when seen in the horizon	53

Of the estimation of distances by sight	54

Signs by means of which we estimate distance by sight	55

Estimation of distance when unaided by intermediate objects	56

Of objects seen on the ocean	57

ŠUTS 24 Tets of which we estimate distance by sight	58

Of habit in relation to the smell	59

Of conceptions of objects of sight	60

Of the influence of habit on our conceptions	61

Influence of habit on conceptions of sight	62

Of the subserviency of our conceptions to description	63

Of conceptions attended with a momentary belief 65 Conceptions which are joined with perceptions 66 Conceptions as connected with fictitious repr...	64

Other striking instances of habits of touch	65

Habits considered in relation to the sight	66

Sensations may possess a relative as well as positive increase	68

Of habits as modified by particular callings and arts	69

The law of habit considered in reference to the perception of the outlines and forms of objects	70

Notice of some facts which favour the above doctrine	71

Additional illustrations of Mr Stewarts doctrine	72

CHAPTER VIII	73

CHAPTER IX	83

Simple mental states not susceptible of definition	84

Simple mental states representative of a reality	85

Origin of complex notions and their relation to simple	86

Supposed complexness without the antecedence of simple feelings	87

The precise sense in which complexness is to be understood 86	88

Illustrations of analysis as applied to the mind	89

Complex notions of external origin	90

Of objects contemplated as wholes	91

CHAPTER X	92

Instances of particular abstract ideas	93

Mental process in separating and abstracting them	94

General abstract notions the same with genera and species	95

Early classifications sometimes incorrect	97

Of the nature of general abstract ideas	98

The power of general abstraction in connexion with numbers c	99

Of the speculations of philosophers and others ib	100

CHAPTER XI	101

Of different degrees of attention	102

Dependence of memory on attention	103

Of exercising attention in reading	104

Alleged inability to command the attention	105

Page	106

CHAPTER XII	107

Dreams are often caused by our sensations	108

Explanation of the incoherency of dreams 1st cause 97 Second cause of the incoherency of dreams	110

Apparent reality of dreams 1st cause	111

Apparent reality of dreams 2d cause	112

Of our estimate of time in dreaming	113

Explanation of the preceding statements	114

CHAPTER I	115

PART II	117

INTERNAL ORIGIN OF KNOWLEDGE 102 The soul has fountains of knowledge within	119

Declaration of Locke that the soul has knowledge in itself	120

105	121

107	122

108	123

Ideas of existence mind selfexistence and personal identity	124

110	126

111	127

113	128

114	129

The idea of space not of external origin	130

The idea of space has its origin in suggestion	131

Of the origin of the idea of power 118 Occasions of the origin of the idea of power	132

Of the ideas of right and wrong	133

Origin of the ideas of moral merit and demerit	134

Of other elements of knowledge developed in suggestion 122 Suggestion a source of principles as well as of ideas	135

CHAPTER III	136

CHAPTER IV	140

Occasions on which feelings of relation may arise	141

Of the use of correlative terms 130 Of relations of identity and diversity	142

11 Relations of degree and names expressive of them	143

111 Of relations of proportion	144

v Of relations of place or position	145

v Of relations of time	146

vi Of ideas of possession	147

VII Of relations of cause and effect	148

Of complex terms involving the relation of cause and effect	149

Connexion of relative suggestion with reasoning	150

Reasons for considering this subject here 140 Meaning of association and illustrations	151

Of the general laws of association	152

Resemblance the first general law of association	153

Of resemblance in the effects produced	154

Contrast the second general or primary	155

Contiguity the third general or primary	157

Cause and effect the fourth primary	158

ALSOCIATION II SECONDARY LAWS Section Page 147 Secondary laws and their connexion with the primary	159

Of the influence of lapse of time	160

Secondary law of repetition or habit	161

Of the secondary law of coexistent emotion	162

Original difference in the mental constitution	163

The foregoing as applicable to the sensibilities	164

CHAPTER VII	166

Consciousness the 2d source of internal knowledge its nature 136	167

Of differences in the strength of memory	168

Of circumstantial memory or that species of memory which is based on the relations of contiguity in time and place	169

Illustrations of specific or circumstantial memory	170

Of philosophic memory or that species of memory which is based on other relations than those of contiguity	171

Illustrations of philosophic memory	172

Of that species of memory called intentional recollection	173

Nature of intentional recollection	174

Marks of a good memory	175

Directions or rules for the improvement of the memory	177

Further directions for the improvement of the memory	179

Of observance of the truth in connexion with memory	180

CHAPTER VIII	181

Mental action quickened by influence on the physical system	183

Other instances of quickened mental action and of a restoration of thoughts	184

Approval and illustrations of these views from Coleridge	185

Application of the principles of this chapter to education	187

Connexion of this doctrine with the final judgment and a future life	189

CHAPTER IX	190

Definition of reasoning and of propositions	191

Process of the mind in all cases of reasoning	192

Illustration of the preceding statement	193

Grounds of the selection of propositions	194

Reasoning implies the existence of antecedent or assumed propo sitions	195

Further considerations on this subject	196

Of differences in the power of reasoning	197

138	198

Of reasoning in connexion with language or expression	199

Illustration of the foregoing section	200

Section Page 185 Of the subjects of demonstrative reasoning	201

Use of definitions and axioms in demonstrative reasoning	202

CHAPTER XII	211

Care to be used in correctly stating the subject of discussion	212

Consider the kind of evidence applicable to the subject	213

Fallacia equivocationis or the use of equivocal terms and phrases	215

Of the sophism of estimating actions and character from the cir cumstances of success merely	216

Of adherence to our opinions	217

Effects on the mind of debating for victory instead of truth	218

CHAPTER XIII	219

The imagination closely related to the reasoning power	220

Definition of the power of imagination	221

Process of the mind in the creations of the imagination	222

Further remarks on the same subject	223

Grounds of the preference of one conception to another	224

Illustration of the subject from Milton	225

Illustration of the statements of the preceding section	227

On the utility of the faculty of the imagination	228

Importance of the imagination in connexion with reasoning	229

CHAPTER XIV	231

Of excited conceptions and of apparitions in general	232

Of the less permament excited conceptions of sound	234

First cause of permanently vivid conceptions or apparitions Morbid sensibility of the retina of the eye	235

Bection	237

Meaning of the term insanity	244

Disordered or alienated association Lightheadedness	250

Insanity or alienation of the power of belief	256

Division of the sensibilities into natural or pathematic	262

EMOTIONS OF BEAUTY Section Page 252 Characteristics of emotions of beauty	273

Of what is meant by beautiful objects	274

Of the distinction between beautiful and other objects	275

Grounds or occasions of emotions of beauty various	276

All objects not equally fitted to cause these emotions	277

A susceptibility of emotions of beauty an ultimate principle of our + mental constitution	278

Remarks on the beauty of forms The circle	279

259 Original or intrinsic beauty The circle	280

261	281

Of the original or intrinsic beauty of colours	283

Further illustrations of the original beauty of colours	284

Of sounds considered as a source of beauty	286

Illustrations of the original beauty of sounds	287

Further instances of the original beauty of sounds	290

Of motion as an element of beauty	291

Explanation of the beauty of motion from Kaimes	292

CHAPTER III	293

Objects may become beautiful by association merely	294

Further illustrations of associated feelings	295

Instances of national associations	297

The sources of associated beauty coincident with those of human happiness	298

Summary of views in regard to the beautiful	299

CHAPTER IV	300

The occasions of the emotions of sublimity various	301

Great extent or expansion an occasion of sublimity	302

Of depth in connexion with the sublime	303

Of colours in connexion with the sublime	304

Page	305

Indications of power accompanied by emotions of the sublime	306

Of the original or primary sublimity of objects	307

Influence of association on emotions of sublimity	308

CHAPTER V	309

Occasions of emotions of the ludicrous	310

Of what is understood by wit	311

Of wit when employed in aggrandizing objects	312

Of the character and occasions of humour	313

Of the practical utility of feelings of the ludicrous	314

NATURE OF DESIRES	321

The principles based upon desire susceptible of a twofold	327

Of the natural desire of esteem	328

Of the desire of estcem as a rule of conduct	329

Of the desire of possession	330

Of the moral character of the possessory principle	331

Of perversions of the possessory desire	332

CHAPTER III	333

Further illustrations of the principle of curiosity	339

Of the moral character of the desire of power	350

Propensity of selflove or the desire of happiness	351

Of selfishness as distinguished from selflove	352

Reference to the opinions of philosophical writers	353

The principle of sociality original in the human mind	354

Evidence of the existence of this principle of sociality	355

Other illustrations of the existence of this principle	356

Relation of the social principle to civil society	357

CHAPTER V	358

Of the complex nature of the affections	359

Of resentment or anger	360

Illustrations of instinctive resentment 346 Uses and moral character of instinctive resentment	361

Of voluntary in distinction from instinctive resentment	362

Tendency of anger to excess and the natural checks to	363

Other reasons for checking and subduing the angry passions	365

Modifications of resentment 351 Modifications of resentment 352 Modifications of resentment 353 Modifications of resentment 354 Nature of the pa...	366

Envy	367

Jealousy	368

Revenge	369

CHAPTER VI	371

Love in its various forms characterized by a twofold action 357 Of the parental affection	372

Illustrations of the strength of the parental affection	374

Of the filial affection	375

The filial affection original or implanted	376

Illustrations of the filial affection	377

Of the moral character of the voluntary exercises of the benevo lent affections	382

Other remarks in proof of the same doctrine	388

Of patriotism or love of country	389

Of the affection of friendship	390

Of the affection of pity or sympathy	391

Of the moral character of pity	392

of the affection of gratitude	394

Fection	395

38	398

Further illustrations of the results of the absence of this principle	401

EMOTIONS OF MORAL APPROVAL AND DISAPPROVAL	413

CHAPTER II	419

Further proof from the conduct of	425

Feelings of obligation differ from desires	432

Of diversities and obliquities of moral judgment in connexion	438

Of the time when moral instruction ought to commence	444

Disordered actior of the principle of selfpreservation	455

433	458

CHAPTER III	461

439	464

Instances of knowledge developed in consciousness	468

24	3

42	6

CEF85882885 ib 54 57 58	7

60 22 88 2273887 62 64 65 66 68 69 70 71	8

83	9

91	10

120	12

ib 129 130 131 132 ib 133	13

ib 140 141 142 ib 143 144 145 146

lan 151 ib 152 153 154 155 157 158

345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352

360 361

390

394

413

其他版本 - 查看全部

Elements of Mental Philosophy
Thomas Cogswell Upham
完整檢視 - 1845

Elements of Mental Philosophy
Thomas Cogswell Upham
完整檢視 - 1855

Elements of Mental Philosophy: Embracing the Two Departments of the ..., 第 2 卷
Thomas Cogswell Upham
完整檢視 - 1850

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常見字詞

abstract action affection antecedent apparent magnitude appear appetites apply ascribed asso association attention belief benevolent body called cause CHAPTER character circumstances colour complex conceptions connexion conscience consciousness consequence consideration considered constitution degree desire disordered distinct dreams emotions of beauty eral excited exer exercise existence experience expressed external fact feelings frequently give habit Hence hypochondriasis ideas IGNORATIO ELENCHI illustrations imagination implies insanity instance instinctive intel intellect James Mitchell ject Julius Cæsar knowledge memory mental MENTAL PHILOSOPHY merely mon language moral character moral emotions moral reasoning nature notice notion objects occasion operations original outward particular passion Pathematic perceived perception person possess present principle propensity propositions Puiseaux reasoning reference regard relation remark respect retina rience sensations sight simple sion sometimes sophism sound statement sublime suggestion suppose susceptible term thing thought tion truth visual perception words

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書名	Elements of Mental Philosophy: Embracing the Two Departments of the Intellect and the Sensibilities, 第 2 卷 Elements of Mental Philosophy: Embracing the Two Departments of the Intellect and the Sensibilities, Thomas Cogswell Upham
作者	Thomas Cogswell Upham
出版者	Harper & Brothers, 1859
來源：	哈佛大學
已數位化	2007年11月21日

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