well and full of content to see ourselves delivered from the sword and plague, and living in hope that we should one day return happily to our native country.-pp. 91-94.

Mr. Fanshawe soon afterwards joined the king in Scotland, who received him with marked kindness; the York party intrusted him with the great and privy seal, and pressed him to take the Covenant, which he steadfastly refused. At the battle of Worcester, he was taken prisoner, soon after which he was met in London by his wife, and he being confined in Whitehall, and severely ill, she attended him with true conjugal tenderness, which, together with the manner in which he obtained his liberty, shall be described in her own words.

'During the time of his imprisonment, I failed not constantly to go, when the clock struck four in the morning, with a dark lantern in my hand, all alone and on foot, from my lodging in Chancery-lane, at my cousin Young's, to Whitehall, in at the entry that went out of King-street into the bowling-green. There I would go under his window and softly call him, he, after the first time excepted, never failed to put out his head at the first call, thus we talked together, and sometimes I was so wet with the rain, that it went in at my neck and out at my heels. He directed how I should make my addresses, which I did ever to their general, Cromwell, who had a great respect for your father, and would have bought him off to his service upon any terms.

Being one day to solicit for my husband's liberty for a time, he bid me bring the next day a certificate from a physician, that he was really ill. Immediately I went to Dr. Batters, that was by chance both physician to Cromwell and to our family, who gave me one very favourable in my husband's behalf. I delivered it at the Council Chamber, at three of the clock that afternoon, as he commanded me, and he himself moved, that seeing they could make no use of his imprisonment, whereby to lighten them in their business, that he might have his liberty upon four thousand pounds bail, to take a course of physic, he being dangerously ill. Many spake against it, but most sir Henry Vane, who said he would be as instrumental for aught he knew, to hang them all that sat there, if ever he had opportunity, but if he had liberty for a time, that he might take the engagement before he went out; upon which Cromwell said, "I never knew that the engagement was a medicine for the scorbutic." They, hearing their general say so, thought it obliged him, and so ordered him his liberty upon bail.'-pp. 116-119.

From that time until Cromwell's death, they lived in strict retirement either at Hertfordshire, Yorkshire, or at Bath; but on that event, sir Richard Fanshawe, who had been created a baronet in 1654, obtained permission to go abroad, under the pretence of being tutor to the son of the earl of Pembroke; the truth being discovered, his wife and family were refused a

passport. Lady Fanshawe contrived, however, to împose on the officers, and procured a false licence that enabled her to quit England, and rejoined her husband at Paris in June, 1659.

On the Restoration sir Richard was promised to be made one of the secretaries of state, but the promise was not fulfilled, in consequence, lady Fanshawe says, of "that false man," lord Clarendon. On the return of the king, of whose enthusiastic reception she gives an eloquent and obviously correct description, sir Richard Fanshawe attended the king on board his own ship, and his family were conveyed in a frigate which was assigned them for their passage.

Several pages are occupied with complaints on the manner in which Fanshawe was treated by his fellow-courtiers, which corroborate the numerous other statements that exist of the mean jealousies and petty intrigues which disgraced the Restoration. Every one appears anxious to jostle his neighbour, in order that he might either obtain the place in which he had fixed himself, or outstep him in the road to preferment. Allowance must, however, be made for the spirit of disappointment which every where pervades the latter part of the Memoirs before us; and though we may have no hesitation in believing in the general baseness of the great persons of the day, it is not quite so evident that the claim here set up for the purity and public spirit of the subject of these pages was well founded. To jealousy on the part of lord Clarendon is assigned sir Richard Fanshawe's immediate appointment to negociate Charles's marriage with Katharine of Portugal; though it would seem to us to be a striking mark of his sovereign's confidence and favour. On his return he was made a privy councillor of Ireland; and when the queen arrived at Portsmouth, he was sent to congratulate her on her landing. The only passage in the volume of much historical value is that relating to Charles's marriage, on which we shall therefore say a few words. Neither Evelyn, nor Pepys, garrulous as they are on most other public events, take any notice of the circumstance; and as there have been some erroneous opinions on the point, the statement of lady Fanshawe, whose husband was present on the occasion, is important.

Bishop Burnet says, that the king met Katherine at Winchester, in the summer of 1662; that the archbishop of Canterbury went there to perform the ceremony, but that the queen was bigotted to such a degree that she would not pronounce the words of the service, nor bear the sight of the archbishop; and that the king said the words hastily, when the archbishop pronounced them married persons. He adds, "Upon this some thought afterwards to have dissolved the marriage, as a marriage

only de facto, in which no consent had been given; but the duke of York told me, they were married by the lord Aubigny, according to the Roman ritual, and that he himself was one of the witnesses; and he added, that a few days before he told me this, the queen had said to him, that she heard some intended to call her marriage in question, and that if that was the case, she must call on him as one of the witnesses to prove it."

Lady Fanshawe, however, informs us, that

'As soon as the king had notice of the queen's landing, he immediately sent my husband that night to welcome her majesty on shore, and followed himself the next day; and upon the 21st of May the king married the queen at Portsmouth, in the presence-chamber of his majesty's house.

'There was a rail across the upper part of the room, in which entered only the king and queen, the bishop of London, the marquess Desande, the Portuguese ambassador, and my husband in the other part of the room there were many of the nobility and servants to their majesties. The bishop of London declared them married in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost; and then they caused the ribbons her majesty wore to be cut in little pieces, and, as far as they would go, every one had some.'-pp. 143, 144.

This account agrees very nearly with that of bishop Kennet ;* but it is more minute and circumstantial, and tends to prove the incorrectness of Burnet's statement. Sir Richard Fanshawe was immediately afterwards appointed ambassador to the court of Lisbon, where he resided about twelve months, and on his return was made a Privy-councillor of England. In January, 1664, he was constituted ambassador to Spain, and embarked with a splendid retinue, accompanied by his wife and family. His services and his life terminated with that appointment. Having signed a treaty in December 1665, which the English ministers refused to ratify, the earl of Sandwich was sent to supersede him, and a few days after introducing his lordship to his first audience of his Catholic majesty, sir Richard was taken ill, and died at Madrid on the 26th of June 1666.

The part of the volume which relates to this period of the authoress's life, is chiefly filled with an account of their journey to Madrid; their splendid reception, and with a description of the manners and customs of the Spaniards, as well as of the various places which they visited, and of public ceremonies; but they do not justify our making any extracts, though they display much quickness of observation, considerable sagacity, and not a little liberality. Not a transaction of any consequence

* Historical Register p. 696.

escaped her, and we have cause to believe, that the account which she gives of the state of society in the Spanish capital in the seventeenth century, is a faithful one.

The melancholy situation into which the death of sir Richard Fanshawe threw his widow, is pathetically described in a prayer which she composed at the moment-being left "with five children, a distressed family, the temptation of the change of my religion, the want of all my friends, without counsel, out of my country, without any means to return with my sad family to our own country, now in war with most part of Christendom." Having resolved to accompany her husband's corpse to England, she sent it to Bilboa to await her arrival; but, previous to quitting Madrid, the queen-mother wanted her to reside in her court, promised to allow her a pension of thirty thousand ducats a year, and to provide for her children, if she and they would adopt the Catholic faith-an offer which was of course declined. The mournful cavalcade passed through Paris, and arrived in London in November, when the body of sir Richard was interred in Hertford church, and lady Fanshawe proceeded to reduce her establishment, and to collect the arrears of pay due to her husband. By the royal family she was treated with much consideration, but, like every other person who had claims on the government, she experienced great difficulty in obtaining her money, and it was three years before the whole was paid. At the instigation of lord Shaftesbury, whom she describes as "the worst of men," she was obliged to pay for the plate used in the embassy by which she lost two thousand pounds, " so maliciously," she says "did he oppress me, as if he hoped in me to destroy that whole stock of honesty and innocence which he mortally hates." The few pages which remain relate to her family affairs; and the Memoir concludes abruptly with a notice of the king closing the Exchequer in 1672.

To this it is only necessary to add, that the authoress died in January 1680, and that she speaks in her will of the Memoirs under our notice, a circumstance sufficient to establish their authenticity, if they did not possess that internal evidence which every line affords of their genuineness.

ART. XVI.-Edinburgh Review, No. XCVIII, Art. 1. On the Answer of the Westminster Review to the Article on Utilitarian Logic and Politics.

WHEN a thoughtless little boy makes an unadvised assault upon the venerable father of the flock, and is rolled in the dust for his reward, he runs to his mamma and complains of a

· very unfair attack upon ourselves.' Of this kind has been the deportment of the Edinburgh Reviewers, in pursuance of their inconsiderate molestation of Mr. Bentham and his followers. Nor does their ill-humour seem to have been diminished by discovering, that there had been no occasion for the principal to appear at all, that he can do things of this kind by his journeymen. They took for granted that the prophet must come forth, and curse them by his gods; instead of which, one of his disciples poured out the prophetic wash-pot on the heads of the assailants. As is usual on such occasions, they give more voice to their irritation than is politic or wise. They stand pointing to the unlucky inverter of earthen-ware, and call the neighbourhood to witness that their civilities were not meant for him.' It is quite a mistake of their own, if they think they have been civil to any body. They began with being petulant, and ended with being silly. They walked out of the common path of courtesy, to mock at an individual whom it now suits them to allow to be illustrious' and 'great;' and if they have received a rebutter for their pains, they must ascribe it to the fatality which prompted them to folly, taking advantage of the absence of their good genius in the person of their bonne.

It matters very little whether the blue rag or the whitybrown' is last upon the field; but it matters very much that an opportunity should not be lost of exposing the sleights of the aristocrats en carmagnole, who pretend to court the people when they have any thing to gain by it, and spurn them as the ranks and the rabble' when they have not. To make

* If by puffs and placards' the Edinburgh reviewers meant the advertisement in the newspapers and the booksellers bills into which it was copied, the description of the Article they allude to ran as follows, which certainly announces nothing like what they have assumed.

'XVI. GREATEST HAPPINESS PRINCIPLE DEVELOPED.-With MR. BENTHAM's latest improvements, now published for the first time: and an Answer to the attacks of the Edinburgh Review.'

t'as we have no heroes and statesmen chosen from the ranks and the rabble,'-Edinburgh Review, No. XCVIII, p. 333.

These are the men who profess to do every thing for the people,' nothing by the people;' and who are at this moment pushing a not over-wise government into persecution of the press. If Tories are to be put down for speaking their minds, there is an end of the liberty of speech for all and every body. There have been great soldiers in England, who scorned to flinch at paper bullets thus. If somebody has said the Guards marched three deep upon the pavement and we have a military government, why is not the corporal called to prove that they did not? No government prosecutes, except under the impression of there being something it cannot confute;-with the single further reservation, of being put upon it by somebody who wants to take the opportunity of depressing those he is not a match for in fair debate.