(c) A verbal noun*: as, We cannot blame you for thinking that we will make no scruple of forsaking

you.

(d) A preposition: as, Attend to what the minstrel sings.

Obs. 1. A noun sentence may be used in place of the double object after factitive verbs thus, I believe that he is innocent = I believe him to be innocent.

Obs. 2. When noun sentences form the indirect object after certain nouns and adjectives having a verbal signification, they may be analysed as noun sentences in apposition with a noun understood: as, We are desirous that you should succeed we are desirous [of this result, viz.,] that you should succeed. Such nouns and adjectives are: care, certainty, consciousness, desire, doubt, knowledge, aware, careful, certain, conscious, desirous, doubtful, mindful, forgetful, sure, &c.

54. The Connectives of the Noun Sentence are :-
1. That: as, I am convinced that he will go.

2. But that: as, There is no doubt but that he is a traitor.
3. Interrogative pronouns, who, which, what, whether, who-
ever, whatever: as, What caused the tumult remains a
mystery; I know who you are.

4. Other interrogative words, when, how, why, where, where-
fore, &c.: as, Some asked me where the rubies grew.

Obs. 1. The conjunction that is frequently omitted; and, when the sentence is a direct quotation, no connective is required: as, I know he will stay I know [that] he will stay; He said, "Thou art the man."

Obs. 2. The principal sentence is put parenthetically, and the conjunction is then omitted: as, His son, it may be, dreads no harm it may be [that] his son dreads no harm. Some writers analyse the parenthetical sentence separately, without reference to the other sentence, which they treat as the principal one.

Obs. 3. A noun sentence is sometimes introduced by the conjunction but instead of but that: as, I doubt not but at yonder tree I shall catch a chub.

Obs. 4. If (whether) may introduce a noun sentence: as, Ask if he knows his

name.

Obs. 5. That (what) may introduce a noun sentence: as, I cannot set at nought That I have held so dear.

Obs. 6. A noun sentence may be tested by substituting for it the word something. This something may be: (1) A fact; as, He declared that the Indians had carried off his horse in the night: (2) A contingency or doubt; as, She enquired if I had any hope: (3) A person; as, He asked me who were our creditors: (4) A thing; as, I know not what strange prejudice is rooted in his mind: (5) An animal; as, Take whichever horse you prefer: (6) A time; as, We know not when the end will be: (7) A place; as, He enquired whither we were going: (8) A manner; as, A foreigner wonders how this can be maintained: (9) A cause; as, Why and wherefore they should do So, I cannot learn.

55. Two or more noun sentences, connected by a conjunction, may stand in the same relation to the principal sentence. Such noun sentences, though subordinate to the principal sentence, are said to be co-ordinate to each other: as,

A chieftain to the Highlands bound,
Cries, "Boatman, do not tarry!
And I'll give thee a silver pound

To row us o'er the ferry."

Explanation.-The noun sentence, "Boatman, do not tarry!" is in the objective relation

* Or gerund.

to cries; also the noun sentence, "I'll give thee a silver pound To rov us o'er the ferry" is in the objective relation to cries. These noun sentences are connected by and, and are said to be co-ordinate to each other.

56.

ELEVENTH ANALYSIS MODEL.

1. Whether he would do wisely, is another question.

2. My meat shall be what these wild woods afford.

3. From that mark how far they rove we see.

4. Julian was taught by experience, that caution and vigilance are the most important lessons of the art of war.

5. Elizabeth was uncertain what to do.

6. The news that the Tower of Tillietudlem was to be defended against the insurgents, afforded great courage and support to these feudal volunteers.

7. That he is mad, 'tis true.

8. I am afraid to think what I have done.

9. He left me abruptly, assuring me I should see him again soon. 10. Praising what is lost makes the remembrance dear.

11. The remembrance of what he had endured, disposed him to retaliation.

12. Tell me, on what holy ground

May domestic peace be found.

13. He asked me whence I came, whither I was going, and what I was.

Observations.

Obs. 1. In sentence 1, it may be supplied as the subject, and the noun sentence placed in apposition with it.

Obs. 2. In sentence 2, what may be resolved into the things which. The principal sentence will then be My meat shall be the things: and which these wild woods afford will be an adjective sentence qualifying things.

Obs. 3. In sentence 3, how has the force both of an adverb and a conjunction. As an adverb, it modifies far; as a conjunction, it joins the noun sentence to the principal sentence.

Obs. 4. Sentence 5 may be resolved into Elizabeth was uncertain [of] the thing which [she ought] to do. Here the principal sentence is Elizabeth was uncertain of the thing: and which she ought to do is an adjective sentence qualifying thing.

Obs. 5. Sentence 8 is equivalent to I am afraid to think [of] the thing which I have done. I am afraid to think of the thing-principal sentence: which I have done-adjec tive sentence, qualifying thing.

Obs. 6. In sentence 10, what may be resolved into the thing which. The principal sentence will then be Praising the thing...makes the remembrance dear: and which is lost will be an adjective sentence qualifying thing.

Obs. 7. In sentence 11, what may be resolved into the things which. The principal sentence will then be The remembrance of the things...disposed him to retaliation: and which he had endured will be an adjective sentence qualifying things.

Obs. 8. In sentence 13, and connects the co-ordinate noun sentences c and d, and the noun sentence d is connected with the principal sentence a by the interrogative pronoun what. Some writers treat whence and whither as extensions of the predicate as well as connectives.

EXERCISE 27.

Mention the noun sentences:

1. I know where the violet grows. 2. I'm sure I never wished them ill. 3. Remember how the old seer came raging down. 4. Tell Flesh it is but dust. 5. I ask'd thee "Give me immortality." 6. What is yours to bestow is not yours to reserve. 7. Men should be what they seem. 8. I had endured hardships, it is true. 9. I resolved to take care how I behaved to people in giving audience. 10. "The praise of the physician," said the Arabian, "is in the recovery of his patient.' 11. Time shall unfold what plaited cunning hides. 12. I was convinced there was no better food in the cell. 13. What thou art, we know not. 14. The village all declared how much he knew. 15. He assured me that she had all the faults a mule could have. 16. Whate'er the ocean pales, or sky inclips, is thine. 17. I hold that it becomes no man to nurse despair. 18. The world's best comfort was, his doom was pass'd. 19. I cannot tell you how or why they parted. 20. You might almost forget it was not day. 21. They say, there is divinity in odd numbers, either in nativity, chance, or death. 22. The heart,. distrusting, asks if this be joy. 23. They say you are a melancholy fellow. 24. Whatever man possesses, God has lent. 25. I know thou art most valiant. 26. The emperor was easily convinced that his own safety was incompatible with the life of his cousin. 27. His sole confidence was derived from the persuasion that Minerva inspired all his actions. 28. He hoped his past actions might outweigh his present.. 29. Then let me see wherein my tongue hath robbed him. 30. It has been a question with some critics whether tragedy originated with Thespis.

Analyse :

EXERCISE 28.

1. See how pleasantly that meadow looks. 2. I know what the poet says in the like case. 3. Tell Honour how it alters. 4. Some time after, we suppose that this novice lights upon a more artificial work of the same nature. 5. It is by no means a true maxim that an idle man hurts nobody but himself. 6. He (Napoleon) remarked with complacency, "Europe will say that I have already made a conquest." 7. We wished then that we had not been all alone in the desert. 8. It has often happened that a despised enemy has given a bloody battle. 9. Much it joys me too, to see you are become so penitent. 10. The chaplain's errand was to inform us, that Mr. Thornhill had provided music and refreshments. 11. The neighbours, hearing what was going forward, came flocking about us. 12. Be assured they cannot stand our assault for half an hour. 13. I cannot help thinking that the impetuosity of our colonel is hurrying us against them rather prematurely. 14. Whatever time you require to bring your fancied admirer to an explanation, shall be granted. 15. They catch at whatever comes before them. 16. I am almost confident they live. 17. I can feel its throbbings will soon be at rest. 18. I've told thee how the Southrons fell beneath the broad claymore. 19. I know not if the dark or bright shall be my lot. 20. Never have I told thee yet how the great Marquis died.