143. Anon...anon.

Advers. co-ord. sentences: Anon he rears upright, anon he curvetsand leaps.

Obs. The true connective is but (understood).

144. As.

1. Adv. sent. of time: Merry sings the lark, as (=whilst) it soareth wide and high.

2. Adv. sent. of manner (likeness): The world should listen then as I am listening now.

3. Adv. sent. of manner (comparison or degree): Trifles light as air [is light], are to the jealous confirmation strong as proofs of holy writ [are strong].

4. Adv. sent. of manner (certainty): As I am a true knight, I will not bate a penny.

5. Adv. sent. of cause (reason): As (= since) the idle man is of no use, it follows that he hath no right to a subsistence.

6. Adv. sent. of cause (concession): Your love-great as (= although) it is-is not as my love.

Obs. 1. Other uses of as may be noted:

(1) As an equivalent to as if: They made the rocks to roar as they were rent= They made the rocks to roar as [they would roar if] they were rent.

(2) Before a factitive object: I considered it as a favour. Some writers omit as in analysing such sentences. The full construction is: I considered it as [I would consider] a favour.

(3) As a kind of relative: He made such a noise as charmed the whole house.. The full construction is: He made such a noise as [the noise was which] charmed the whole house.

Obs. 2. There is often an ellipsis after as: As for me, I have fulfilled my mission = As [the case stands] for me, I have fulfilled my mission.

145. As...as.

Prin. sent., followed by adv. sent. of manner (comparison): I saw two bears as white as any milk [is white].

Obs. The first as is an adverb, the second a conjunction.

146. As far as.

Prin. sent., followed by an adv. sent. of manner (comparison): He was pursued as far as the Euphrates [is far].

Obs. As far belongs to the prin. sent., and as introduces the adverbial sent. Some writers make as far as a single connective introducing adv. sentences of place and As far forth as is similarly used: They be all set and situate alike, and in all points fashioned alike, as far forth as the place or plot suffereth.

manner.

147. As if.

Adv. sent. of manner, followed by adv. sent. of cause (condition): He runs apace as [he would run] if he feared companions in the chase.

Obs. Those who consider as if a compound conjunction make it introduce an adv. sent. of manner.

148. As long as.

Adv. sent. of time: They keep in their rushy tents as long as the weather is open.

Obs. As long may be analysed as part of the prin. sent., the second as then introducing an adv. sent. of manner (comparison).

149. As much as.

Adv. sent. of manner: My brother loves the country as much as
I do.

Obs. As much may be treated as part of the prin. sent., the second as then introducing an adv. sent. of manner (comparison).

150. As often as.

Adv. sent. of time: I went to see my father as often as I could. Obs. As often may be treated as part of the prin. sent., the second as then introducing an adv. sent. of manner (comparison).

151. As...so.

Adv. sent. of manner (likeness), followed by prin. sent.: As the tree falls, so it lies.

152. As soon as.

Adv. sent. of time: As soon as it was light, they built another snowhouse.

Obs. As soon may be treated as part of the prin. sent., the second as then introducing an adv. sent. of manner (comparison).

153. As sure as.

Adv. sent. of manner (certainty): As sure as you are reading, you will find what I find in the book.

Obs. As sure may be treated as part of the prin. sent., the second as then introducing an adv. sent. of manner (comparison). Note that sure (= surely) is here an adverb: when sure (= certain) is an adjective, the phrase as sure as does not introduce an adv. sent. of manner (certainty) but must be treated like phrases in § 145.

154. As surely as.

Adv. sent. of manner (certainty): He pays you as surely as your feet hit the ground they step on.

Obs. As surely may be treated as part of the prin. sent., the second as then introducing an adv. sent. of manner (comparison).

155. As though.

Adv. sent. of manner, followed by adv. sent. of cause (condition) : He felt as [he would feel] though (= if) the light were a reproach.

Obs. If as though be treated as a single connective, it introduces an adv. sent. of

manner.

156. As well as

1. Adv. sent. of manner: I loved my father as well as you could love him.

2. Copulative co-ord. sent. : Virtue would assume her most winning as well as [she would assume] her most respectable form.

Obs. As well may be treated as part of the prin. sent., the second as then introducing an adv. sent. of manner (comparison).

157. As when.

Adv. sent. of manner, followed by adj. sent., or by adv. sent. of time (1) It was a winter such as [the winter is] when (= in which) birds die in the deep forests; (2) Earth has exiles as hopeless as [the exiles were] when Heaven's empire was lost.

Obs. 1. If as when be treated as a single connective, it introduces an adv. sent. of

manner.

Obs. 2. Similar phrases are: As where, as while, as whilst.

158. At one moment...at another moment.

Advers. co-ord. sentences: At one moment you see them on every side; [but] at another [moment], they are altogether invisible.

Obs. These phrases are really extensions, the true connective being but (understood). Exactly similar is the use of the phrases At one time...at another time.

159. At the same time.

Advers. co-ord. sent. He was a barbarian: at the same time, he had many of the best qualities of which a civilised man can boast.

Obs. At the same time is really an extension: but (understood) is the true connective.

160. Ay.

Cop. co-ord. sent. : Him the people claim as their natural leader-
ay, some say, that you shall
marry him.

Obs. Ay is really an adverb (or, as some say, an interjection): and (understood) is the true connective.

161. Because.

1. Adv. sent. of cause (reason): I fled because I was afraid.

2. Causative co-ord. sent. : No one believes the coloured specs to be eyes because (for) it has been found that even the spores of some plants have these coloured specs.

162. Because...therefore.

Adv. sent. of cause (reason), followed by prin. sent. Because both in the one and the other they are immoderate, and do not observe their just terms, therefore both of them do err.

163. Because that.

Adv. sent of cause (reason), followed by a noun sent. :

Therefore I mourn, and pitifully moan

Because [it is the case] that mourning matter I have none.

Obs. Because that, treated as a single connective, introduces an adv. sent. of cause (reason).

164. Before.

Adv. sent. of time: Before the day dawned, the Esquimaux dug a hole into a large drift of snow.

165. Before that.

Adv. sent. of time, followed by noun sent. :

So did those old heroes hereof taste,

Before [it came to pass] that they in bliss amongst the gods were plac'd.

Obs. 1. Before that, treated as a single connective, is equivalent to before.

Obs. 2. Before may be treated as a preposition, governing a noun sentence introduced by that.

166. Being (obsolete).

Adv. sent. of cause (reason): Being (=since) I have now rested myself a little, I will make you some requital by telling you some observations of the eel.

Obs. Being is strictly a participle used absolutely: [It] being [the case, viz., that] I have now rested myself, &c.

167. Being that (obsolete).

Adv. sent. of cause (reason), followed by noun sent. : The other told him he was sorry he could not comply with his request, being [it was the case] that he had already promised the curacy to a friend of his son.

Obs. Being that, treated as a single connective, is equivalent to being.

168. Besides.

Cop. co-ord. sent. This last has too narrow a genius to fill my place: besides, I am his enemy.

169. Besides that.

Prin. sent., followed by noun sent. Besides [the circumstance, viz.,] that he does not want wit, I know a sure method for him to succeed in that enterprise.

Obs. 1. Besides [the circumstance] is an extension in the prin, sent.

Obs. 2. Besides that, treated as a single connective, introduces an adverbial sentence of manner.

170. Both...and.

Cop. co-ord. sentences: Adversity both taught you to think and [it taught you] to reason.

Obs. Both simply introduces: it does not connect.

171. But.

1. Advers. co-ord. sent: A troop shall overcome him, but he shall overcome at the last.

:

2. Noun sent. I doubt not but (=but that) at yonder tree I shall catch a chubb.

3. Adj. sent. There's not a wind but (which not) whispers of thy name.

4. Adv. sent. of cause (condition):

The shepherd's swain you cannot well ken,

But (except) it be by his pride, from other men.

5. Adv. sent. of manner (consequence): Could I touch a rose with my white hand, but (=that not) it became redder at once?

Obs. 1. When but is equivalent to if not, it introduces an adv. sent. of cause (condition).

Obs. 2. But is used as a preposition (= except), and as an adverb (= only). See Parsing, p. 165.

Obs. 3. But is used for than in the phrase no sooner but (§ 257).

172. But also.

Cop. co-ord. sent. The habit of shooting doth not only enable to shoot a nearer shoot, but also [it doth enable] to draw a stronger bow.

Obs. Also may be put in the extension.

173. But even.

Cop. co-ord. sent. : James tamely suffered him not only to be deprived of his kingdom, but even [he suffered him to be deprived] of his hereditary dominions.

Obs. Even may be put in the extension.

174. But however.

Advers. co-ord. Trust me, good master, you shall not sow your seed in barren ground: but, however, ye shall find me obedient. Obs. However may be put in the extension.

175. But howsoever (obsolete).

Advers. co-ord. sent. We three will go to Wakefield in some disguise but howsoever, I'll have his head to-day.

Obs. Howsoever may be put in the extension; or it may be treated as a connective introducing an adv. sent. of cause (concession): howsoever [it may happen].

176. But likewise.

Cop. co-ord. sent. It is your duty to give him notice of it, not only as the depositary of his thoughts, but likewise [it is your duty to give him notice of it], lest some of his friends should be free enough with him to prevent you.

Obs. Likewise may be put in the extension.

177. But nevertheless.

Advers. co-ord. sent. Clinker's intention was laudable, without all doubt, but, nevertheless, I am a sufferer by his simplicity.

Obs. Nevertheless may be put in the extension.

178. But notwithstanding.

Advers. co-ord. sent. The sea ran very high, but notwithstanding, the people dashed fearlessly through the waves.

Obs. Notwithstanding may be put in the extension.

179. But rather.

Advers. co-ord. sent. : It is in no wise to be disliked, but rather [it is to be] approved.

Obs. Rather may be put in the extension.